Processing Effects on the Microstructure of Sol-Gel Derived SBN Thin Films

1994 ◽  
Vol 346 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.A. Momoda ◽  
M.C. Gust ◽  
M.L. Mecartney
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Tungsten Bronze ◽  
Treatment Schedule ◽  
Size Distributions ◽  
Tungsten Bronze Structure ◽  
Tetragonal Tungsten Bronze ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Processing Effects ◽  
Hydrolysis Conditions

ABSTRACTMicrostructural changes in sol-gel derived SrxBa1-xNb2O6 (SBN) thin films were monitored as a function of chemical variations in the precursor sol and of processing variations of the thin films. 6000À Sr0.5Ba0.5Nb2O6 thin films were deposited from different alkoxide based precursors under various hydrolysis conditions. The tetragonal tungsten bronze structure was achieved in films at temperatures on the order of 700°C. Preferential (001) orientation of the tetragonal lattice was found to be very dependent upon the substrate orientation as well as thermal treatment schedule. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to examine the film microstructure. Orientational effects were verified by TEM as well as a tendency for a porous structure in the alkoxide derived films. Substrate and processing dependent grain size and size distributions were also noted.

Crystal Structure of Red Lead Titanate Thin Films

1997 ◽  
Vol 11 (26n27) ◽  
pp. 1181-1187
Author(s):  
L. A. Bursill ◽  
J. L. Peng ◽  
B. Jiang ◽  
X. Li
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Thin Films ◽  
Lead Titanate ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Tungsten Bronze ◽  
Tetragonal Tungsten Bronze ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Red Lead ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Perovskite Type

Orange-red lead titanate thin films are examined by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and diffraction. It is remarkable that the structure is based on that of tetragonal-tungsten-bronze (TTB) rather than perovskite-type. The chemical basis for this result is examined, it is deduced that the TTB structure is stabilized by inclusion of hydroxyl ions during synthesis by a sol–gel route involving hydrolysis of n-Butyl titanate.

Epitaxial Growth of Sr0.3Ba0.7Nb2O6 Thin Films Prepared by Sol-Gel Process

1999 ◽  
Vol 606 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keishi Nishio ◽  
Jirawat Thongrueng ◽  
Yuichi Watanabe ◽  
Toshio Tsuchiya
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Thin Films ◽  
Epitaxial Growth ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Substrate Surface ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Tungsten Bronze ◽  
Monomethyl Ether ◽  
Tetragonal Tungsten Bronze ◽  
Sol Gel Process

AbstructWe succeeded in the preparation of strontium-barium niobate (Sr0.3Ba0.7Nb2O6 : SBN30)that have a tetragonal tungsten bronze type structure thin films on SrTiO3 (100), STO, or La doped SrTiO3 (100), LSTO, single crystal substrates by a spin coating process. LSTO substrate can be used for electrode. A homogeneous coating solution was prepared with Sr and Ba acetates and Nb(OEt)5 as raw materials, and acetic acid and diethylene glycol monomethyl ether as solvents. The coating thin films were sintered at temperature from 700 to 1000°C for 10 min in air. It was confirmed that the thin films on STO substrate sintered above 700°C were in the epitaxial growth because the 16 diffraction spots were observed on the pole figure using (121) reflection. The <130> and <310> direction of the thin film on STO were oriented with the c-axis in parallel to the substrate surface. However, the diffraction spots of thin film on LSTO substrate sintered at 700°C were corresponds to the expected pattern for (110).

A novel intergrowth structure between ReO3-type and tetragonal tungsten bronze-type in the Zr/Nb/W/O system

1996 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 917-922 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Krumeich ◽  
G. Liedtke ◽  
W. Mader
Keyword(s):  
Tungsten Bronze ◽  
Regular Structure ◽  
Structure Model ◽  
Tungsten Bronze Structure ◽  
Tetragonal Tungsten Bronze ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Monoclinic Lattice ◽  
Lattice Images ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
First Time

The intergrowth structure of a zirconium niobium tungsten oxide has been determined by transmission electron microscopy methods. Electron diffraction patterns reveal the parameters of the monoclinic lattice: a = 19.0, b = 3.9 and c = 13.8 Å; β = 93.5°. Additional reflections in higher-order Laue zones indicate the presence of a diagonal glide plane, leading to a larger unit cell. A structure model of composition Zr n Nb8−2n W12+n O56 (0.5 < n < 1) has been derived from high-resolution lattice images. Alternating slabs of ReO3-type and of tetragonal tungsten bronze structure are intergrown coherently. Two five-membered rings of MO6 octahedra belonging to adjacent tetragonal tungsten bronze subcells are connected by having two octahedra in common. For the first time, this arrangement of double pentagons is observed in a regular structure.

Preparation and characterization of nanocrystalline potassium lithium niobate powders and films

2001 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. 3609-3613 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. X. Zhang ◽  
C. H. Kam ◽  
Y. Zhou ◽  
X. Q. Han ◽  
S. D. Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Lithium Niobate ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Tungsten Bronze ◽  
Ambient Atmosphere ◽  
Tetragonal Tungsten Bronze ◽  
Raman Scattering Spectroscopy ◽  
Infrared Wavelength ◽  
Optical Modes

Potassium lithium niobate (KLN) powders and thin films were prepared from metalorganic compounds through the sol-gel process. A homogeneous and stable KLN precursor was synthesized by mixing the metal ethoxides. Powder gels were obtained through the hydrolysis of the solution by exposing it to the ambient atmosphere. Thin films were deposited on Si, SiO2/Si, and fused quartz by a spin coating technique. The pyrolysis and crystallization of KLN powders and films were investigated through the methods of differential thermal analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, x-ray diffraction, and Raman scattering spectroscopy. The results revealed that both KLN powders and films could crystallize into a tetragonal tungsten–bronze-type phase with appropriate annealing. Optical studies indicated that the films were highly transparent in the visible–near-infrared wavelength range and could support optical modes.

Intergrowth of niobium tungsten oxides of the tetragonal tungsten bronze type

2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (11) ◽  
pp. 913-919
Author(s):  
Frank Krumeich
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Tungsten Bronze ◽  
Structural Complexity ◽  
Dark Field ◽  
Tetragonal Tungsten Bronze ◽  
Tungsten Oxides ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Transmission

AbstractSince the 1970s, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) is well established as the most appropriate method to explore the structural complexity of niobium tungsten oxides. Today, scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) represents an important alternative for performing the structural characterization of such oxides. STEM images recorded with a high-angle annular dark field (HAADF) detector provide not only information about the cation positions but also about the distribution of niobium and tungsten as the intensity is directly correlated to the local scattering potential. The applicability of this method is demonstrated here for the characterization of the real structure of Nb7W10O47.5. This sample contains well-ordered domains of Nb8W9O47 and Nb4W7O31 besides little ordered areas according to HRTEM results. Structural models for Nb4W7O31 and twinning occurring in this phase have been derived from the interpretation of HAADF-STEM images. A remarkable grain boundary between well-ordered domains of Nb4W7O31 and Nb8W9O47 has been found that contains one-dimensionally periodic features. Furthermore, short-range order observed in less ordered areas could be attributed to an intimate intergrowth of small sections of different tetragonal tungsten bronze (TTB) based structures.

Dielectric and ferroelectric properties of Sr 4 CaSmTi 3 Nb 7 O 30 with tetragonal tungsten bronze structure

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (9) ◽  
pp. 097701
Author(s):  
Gao-Shang Gong ◽  
Yu-Jiao Fang ◽  
Shuai Huang ◽  
Chong-Yang Yin ◽  
Song-Liu Yuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ferroelectric Properties ◽  
Tungsten Bronze ◽  
Tungsten Bronze Structure ◽  
Tetragonal Tungsten Bronze
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