scholarly journals Mean Field Analysis of Orientation Selective Grain Growth Driven By Interface-Energy Anisotropy

1994 ◽  
Vol 343 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Floro ◽  
C. V. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Grain Growth ◽  
Texture Evolution ◽  
Mean Field ◽  
Orientation Distribution ◽  
Interface Energy ◽  
Abnormal Grain Growth ◽  
Field Analysis ◽  
Energy Anisotropy

ABSTRACTAbnormal grain growth is characterized by the lack of a steady state grain size distribution. In extreme cases the size distribution becomes transiently bimodal, with a few grains growing much larger than the average size. This is known as secondary grain growth. In polycrystalline thin films, the surface energy γs and film/substrate interfacial energy γi vary with grain orientation, providing an orientation-selective driving force that can lead to abnormal grain growth. We employ a mean field analysis that incorporates the effect of interface energy anisotropy to predict the evolution of the grain size/orientation distribution. While abnormal grain growth and texture evolution always result when interface energy anisotropy is present, whether secondary grain growth occurs will depend sensitively on the details of the orientation dependence of γi.

scholarly journals Increasing the mean grain size in copper films and features

2008 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 642-662 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Vanstreels ◽  
S.H. Brongersma ◽  
Zs. Tokei ◽  
L. Carbonell ◽  
W. De Ceuninck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Grain Growth ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Texture Evolution ◽  
Deposition Process ◽  
Interface Energy ◽  
Growth Mode ◽  
Copper Films ◽  
Mean Grain Size ◽  
The Mean

A new grain-growth mode is observed in thick sputtered copper films. This new grain-growth mode, also referred to in this work as super secondary grain growth (SSGG) leads to highly concentric grain growth with grain diameters of many tens of micrometers, and drives the system toward a {100} texture. The appearance, growth dynamics, final grain size, and self-annealing time of this new grain-growth mode strongly depends on the applied bias voltage during deposition of these sputtered films, the film thickness, the post-deposition annealing temperature, and the properties of the copper diffusion barrier layers used in this work. Moreover, a clear rivalry between this new growth mode and the regularly observed secondary grain-growth mode in sputtered copper films was found. The microstructure and texture evolution in these films is explained in terms of surface/interface energy and strain-energy density minimizing driving forces, where the latter seems to be an important driving force for the observed new growth mode. By combining these sputtered copper films with electrochemically deposited (ECD) copper films of different thickness, the SSGG growth mode could also be introduced in ECD copper, but this led to a reduced final SSGG grain size for thicker ECD films. The knowledge about the thin-film level is used to also implement this new growth mode in small copper features by slightly modifying the standard deposition process. It is shown that the SSGG growth mode can be introduced in narrow structures, but optimizations are still necessary to further increase the mean grain size in features.

The Correlation Theory of 2D Normal Grain Growth

2004 ◽  
Vol 467-470 ◽  
pp. 1081-1086 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.W. Nordbakke ◽  
N. Ryum ◽  
Ola Hunderi
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Grain Growth ◽  
Grain Size Distribution ◽  
Computer Simulations ◽  
Mean Field Theory ◽  
Mean Field ◽  
Grain Structures ◽  
Spatial Grain ◽  
Kinetics Of

Computer simulations of 2D normal grain growth have shown that size correlations between adjacent grains exist in 2D grain structures. These correlations prevail during the coarsening process and influence on the kinetics of the process and on the grain size distribution. Hillert’s analysis starts with the assumption that all grains in the structure have the same environment. Since computer simulations contradict this assumption, the mean-field theory for normal grain growth needs to be modified. A first attempt was made by Hunderi and Ryum, who modified Hillert’s growth law to include the effect of spatial grain size correlations. In the 1D case the distributions derived by means of the modified growth law agreed well with simulation data. However, the distribution derived for 2D grain growth retained unwanted properties of the Hillert distribution. We review some recent progress in developing a mean-field statistical theory. A paradox related to curvilinear polygons is shown to support the expectation that the grain size distribution has a finite cutoff.

Computer Simulations and Statistical Theory of Normal Grain Growth in Two and Three Dimensions

2004 ◽  
Vol 467-470 ◽  
pp. 1129-1136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dana Zöllner ◽  
Peter Streitenberger
Keyword(s):  
Field Theory ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Grain Growth ◽  
Grain Size Distribution ◽  
Mean Field Theory ◽  
Mean Field ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Monte Carlo Algorithm ◽  
Geometric Properties

A modified Monte Carlo algorithm for single-phase normal grain growth is presented, which allows one to simulate the time development of the microstructure of very large grain ensembles in two and three dimensions. The emphasis of the present work lies on the investigation of the interrelation between the local geometric properties of the grain network and the grain size distribution in the quasi-stationary self-similar growth regime. It is found that the topological size correlations between neighbouring grains and the resulting average statistical growth law both in two and three dimensions deviate strongly from the assumptions underlying the classical Lifshitz- Sloyzov-Hillert theory. The average local geometric properties of the simulated grain structures are used in a statistical mean-field theory to calculate the grain size distribution functions analytically. By comparison of the theoretical results with the simulated grain size distributions it is shown how far normal grain growth in two and three dimensions can successfully be described by a mean-field theory and how stochastic fluctuations in the average growth law must be taken into account.

Microstructure Instability during Particle and Solute Inhibited Grain Growth

2012 ◽  
Vol 715-716 ◽  
pp. 528-528
Author(s):  
Massimiliano Buccioni ◽  
Giuseppe Carlo Abbruzzese
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Grain Growth ◽  
Grain Size Distribution ◽  
Ostwald Ripening ◽  
Secondary Recrystallization ◽  
Solute Drag ◽  
Abnormal Grain Growth ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Zener Drag

Grain growth processes in real polycrystalline materials are mostly characterized by the presence of restraining forces, originating, among others, from second phase particles dispersion (Zener drag) or solute atoms segregating at the grain boundaries (solute drag). Both the restraining mechanisms were introduced in the framework of the statistical theory of grain growth, showing their peculiar effects on kinetics and on grain size distribution evolution [1,2,. The present work moves from the previous results and gives a further clarification of pseudo-steady state kinetics occurring under particular solute drag inhibition intensity and will discuss it in comparison with grain growth stagnation conditions produced by Zener drag. In case of second phase particle inhibiting grain growth, the normal case in real systems is the time and temperature dependence of the inhibition intensity due to the evolution of precipitates (e.g. Ostwald ripening. Such evolutions of inhibition, which typically drops with increasing temperature, can cause microstructure instabilities like abnormal grain growth or secondary recrystallization. It is thus introduced in the model a time-temperature depending inhibition drop, which influences both kinetics and grain size distribution evolution. Conditions for the onset of particular effects like abnormal grain growth are assessed and discussed.

Change in Grain Size Distribution during Grain Growth

1992 ◽  
Vol 94-96 ◽  
pp. 325-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Takayama ◽  
T. Tozawa ◽  
H. Kato ◽  
Norio Furushiro ◽  
S. Hori
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Grain Growth ◽  
Grain Size Distribution

Simulation of Grain Growth of Materials Produced by Severe Plastic Deformation

2011 ◽  
Vol 409 ◽  
pp. 597-602
Author(s):  
Yuichi Mizuno ◽  
Kenji Okushiro ◽  
Yoshiyuki Saito
Keyword(s):  
Plastic Deformation ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Dislocation Density ◽  
Severe Plastic Deformation ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Grain Size Distribution ◽  
Boundary Migration ◽  
Interface Energy ◽  
Diffusion Reaction ◽  
Field Methods

Grain boundary migration in materials under severe plastic deformation was simulated by the phase field methods. The interface energy and dislocation density on growth kinetics were simulated on systems of 2-dimensional lattice. .In inhomogeneous systems grain size distributions in simulated grain structures were binodal distributions. The classification of the solution of differential equations based on the mean-field Hillert model describing temporal evolution of the scaled grain size distribution function was in good agreement with those given by the Computer simulations. Effect of dislocation on thermodynamic stability was taken into consideration. Dislocation density distribution was calculated by a equation based on the diffusion-reaction equation.. Scaled grain size distribution was known to be affected by the dislocation.

Effect of texture on the development of grain size distribution during normal grain growth

1996 ◽  
Vol 34 (8) ◽  
pp. 1225-1230 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Vogel ◽  
P. Klimanek ◽  
D.Juul Jensen ◽  
H. Richter
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Grain Growth ◽  
Grain Size Distribution
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