Titanium Germanosilicide: Phase Formation, Segregation, and Morphology

1993 ◽  
Vol 320 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.B. Aldrich ◽  
Y.L. Chen ◽  
D.E. Sayers ◽  
R.J. Nemanich
Keyword(s):  
Alloy Composition ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Solid Phase Reaction ◽  
Phase Reaction ◽  
Germanium Content ◽  
Low Resistivity ◽  
Surface And Interface ◽  
Annealing Conditions ◽  
Intermediate Phases ◽  
Composition Changes

ABSTRACTThe high temperature solid phase reaction of Ti with SixGe1−x produces a low resistivity titanium germanosilicide which is isomorphic with the C54 phase of TiSi2 and TiGe2. The composition of the final C54 Ti(SiyGe1−y)2 film is dependent on the composition of the initial Si-Ge alloy and on the annealing conditions. The intermediate phases of the Ti-Si and Ti-Ge reactions are C49 TiSi2 and Ti6Ge5 respectively. The reaction path of Ti - SixGe1−x shifts from that of Ti-Si to that of Ti-Ge as the SixGe1−x alloy composition changes (×=1→0). Phase separations were observed at low temperatures for Ti reactions with Si-Ge alloys and the C54 formation temperature was observed to decrease as the Si-Ge alloy composition approached Si.5Ge.5. Surface and interface morphologies were examined using SEM and TEM. The formation of smooth, large grain, low resistivity films has been observed for the reaction of Ti with low Ge content alloys (x≥0.7). As germanium content is increased the formation of faceted islands is observed. Reactions with high Ge content alloys (x≤0.3) produce films with morphologies similar to those of the Ti-Ge reaction.

The effect of annealing conditions on the crystallization of Er–Si–O formed by solid phase reaction

2006 ◽  
Vol 28 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 831-835 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Masaki ◽  
H. Isshiki ◽  
T. Kawaguchi ◽  
T. Kimura
Keyword(s):  
Solid Phase ◽  
Solid Phase Reaction ◽  
Phase Reaction ◽  
Annealing Conditions

Titanium Germanosilicide Phase Formation During The Ti-Si1-xGex Solid Phase Reactions

1995 ◽  
Vol 402 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. B. Aldrich ◽  
Y. L. Chen ◽  
D. E. Sayers ◽  
R. J. Nemanich
Keyword(s):  
Phase Formation ◽  
Alloy Composition ◽  
Composition Range ◽  
Reaction Path ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Solid Phase Reaction ◽  
Phase Reaction ◽  
Initial Formation ◽  
Intermediate Composition ◽  
Solid Phase Reactions

AbstractThe effect of Si1−xGex alloy composition on the titanium germanosilicide phase formation sequence during the Ti-Si1−xGex solid phase reaction was examined. For the Ti-Si reaction the initial formation of C49 TiSi2 is followed, at higher temperatures, by the formation of C54 TiSi2. For the Ti-Ge reaction the initial formation of Ti6Ge5 is followed, at higher temperatures, by the formation of C54 TiGe2. It was determined that the Ti-Si1−xGex reaction follows three different reaction paths depending on the composition of the initial Si1−xGex alloy. For Si rich Si1−xGex alloys the Ti-Si1−xGex reaction follows a “Ti-Si like” reaction path (Ti+M ↠ C49 TiM2 ↠ C54 TiM2, where M = Si1−xGex). For Ge rich Si1−xGex alloys the reaction follows a “Ti-Ge like” reaction path (Ti+M ↠ Ti6M5 ↠ C54 TiM2). Both Ti6M5 and C49 TiM2 form during the reaction of titanium with Si1−xGex alloys in an intermediate composition range. Properties of the final C54 phase were observed to be strongly dependent on the phase formation sequence. Smooth continuous C54 titanium germanosilicide forms during the “Ti-Si like” reaction and discontinuous islanded C54 titanium germanosilicide forms during the “Ti-Ge like” reaction. An optimum Si1−xGex alloy composition range of 0.00 ≤ x ≤ 0.36 was determined for the formation of continuous- low-resistivity- C54 titanium germanosilicide films from the solid phase reaction of Ti and Si1−xGex alloy.

Effect of composition on phase formation and morphology in Ti–Si1−xGex solid phase reactions

1995 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2849-2863 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.B. Aldrich ◽  
Y.L. Chen ◽  
D.E. Sayers ◽  
R.J. Nemanich ◽  
S.P. Ashburn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Formation ◽  
Alloy Composition ◽  
Composition Range ◽  
Reaction Path ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Solid Phase Reaction ◽  
Phase Reaction ◽  
Formation Temperature ◽  
Intermediate Composition ◽  
Solid Phase Reactions

The effects of Si1−xGex alloy composition on the Ti-Si1−xGex solid phase reaction have been examined. Specifically, effects on the titanium gcrmanosilicide phase formation sequence. C54 Ti(Si1−yGey)2 nucleation temperature, and C54 Ti(Si1−yGey)2 morphology were examined. It was determined that the Ti-Si1−xGex reaction follows a “Ti-Si-like” reaction path for Si-rich Si1−xGex alloys and follows a “Ti-Ge-like” reaction path for Ge-rich Si1−xGex alloys. The coexistence of multiple titanium germanosilicide phases was observed during Ti-Si1−xGex reactions for Si1−xGex alloys in an intermediate composition range. The morphology and stability of the resulting C54 germanosilicides were directly correlated to the Ti-Si1−xGex reaction path. Smooth continuous C54 titanium germanosilicide was formed for samples with Si1−xGex compositions in the “Ti-Si-like” regime. Discontinuous islanded C54 germanosilicides were formed for samples with Si1−xGex compositions in the mixed phase and “Ti-Ge-like” regimes. Using rapid thermal annealing techniques, it was found that the C54 titanium germanosilicides were stable to higher temperatures. This indicated that the morphological degradation occurs after C54 phase formation. The C54 Ti(Si1−xGex)2 formation temperature was examined as a function of alloy composition and was found to decrease by ≍ 70 °C as the composition approached x ≍ 0.5. An optimum Si1−xGex alloy composition range of 0 ⋚ x ⋚ 0.36 was determined for the formation of stable-continuous-low-resistivity-C54 titanium germanosilicide films from the solid phase reaction of Ti and Si1−xGex alloy. The results were described in terms of the relevant nucleation processes.

scholarly journals Fe3O4@C Nanoparticles Synthesized by In Situ Solid-Phase Method for Removal of Methylene Blue

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 330
Author(s):  
Hengli Xiang ◽  
Genkuan Ren ◽  
Yanjun Zhong ◽  
Dehua Xu ◽  
Zhiye Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Phase Method ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
High Catalytic Activity ◽  
Solid Phase Reaction ◽  
Phase Reaction ◽  
High Concentrations

Fe3O4@C nanoparticles were prepared by an in situ, solid-phase reaction, without any precursor, using FeSO4, FeS2, and PVP K30 as raw materials. The nanoparticles were utilized to decolorize high concentrations methylene blue (MB). The results indicated that the maximum adsorption capacity of the Fe3O4@C nanoparticles was 18.52 mg/g, and that the adsorption process was exothermic. Additionally, by employing H2O2 as the initiator of a Fenton-like reaction, the removal efficiency of 100 mg/L MB reached ~99% with Fe3O4@C nanoparticles, while that of MB was only ~34% using pure Fe3O4 nanoparticles. The mechanism of H2O2 activated on the Fe3O4@C nanoparticles and the possible degradation pathways of MB are discussed. The Fe3O4@C nanoparticles retained high catalytic activity after five usage cycles. This work describes a facile method for producing Fe3O4@C nanoparticles with excellent catalytic reactivity, and therefore, represents a promising approach for the industrial production of Fe3O4@C nanoparticles for the treatment of high concentrations of dyes in wastewater.

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of ZrB2/h-BN Multiphase Ceramics by Low-Temperature Reactive Sintering

2016 ◽  
Vol 697 ◽  
pp. 510-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Rui Zhai ◽  
Ke Shan ◽  
Ruo Meng Xu ◽  
Min Lu ◽  
Zhong Zhou Yi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Relative Density ◽  
Fracture Strength ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Solid Phase Reaction ◽  
Phase Reaction ◽  
Microstructure And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Multiphase Ceramics ◽  
Strength And Toughness

In the present paper, the ZrB2/h-BN multiphase ceramics were fabricated by SPS (spark plasma sintering) technology at lower sintering temperature using h-BN, ZrO2, AlN and Si as raw materials and B2O3 as a sintering aid. The phase constitution and microstructure of specimens were analyzed by XRD and SEM. Moreover, the effects of different sintering pressures on the densification, microstructure and mechanical properties of ZrB2/h-BN multiphase ceramics were also systematically investigated. The results show that the ZrB2 was obtained through solid phase reaction at different sintering pressures, and increasing sintering pressure could accelerate the formation of ZrB2 phase. As the sintering pressure increasing, the fracture strength and toughness of the sintered samples had a similar increasing tendency as the relative density. The better comprehensive properties were obtained at given sintering pressure of 50MPa, and the relative density, fracture strength and toughness reached about 93.4%, 321MPa and 3.3MPa·m1/2, respectively. The SEM analysis shows that the h-BN grains were fine and uniform, and the effect of sintering pressure on grain size was inconspicuous. The distribution of grain is random cross array, and the fracture texture was more obvious with the increase of sintering pressure. The fracture mode of sintered samples remained intergranular fracture mechanism as sintering pressure changed, and the grain refinement, grain pullout and crack deflection helped to increase the mechanical properties.

Study of solid-phase reaction between CsNO3 AND V2O5 in the molar ratio 6:5

1980 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 469-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ľ. Žúrková ◽  
K. Gáplovská ◽  
V. Suchá
Keyword(s):  
Solid Phase ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Solid Phase Reaction ◽  
Phase Reaction
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