Evolution of Yttrium Aluminum Garnet Films by Solid-State Reaction

1993 ◽  
Vol 317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason R. Heffelfinger ◽  
C. Barry Carter
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Solid State Reaction ◽  
Yttrium Aluminum Garnet ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Garnet Films ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Yttrium Aluminum

ABSTRACTYttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) films were produced by reacting thin Y2O3 layers with single-crystal Al2O3 substrates. Y2O3 films were deposited using pulsed-laser deposition (PLD), which produced smooth textured films on specially prepared (0001) α-Al2O3 substrates. Solid-state reaction of the Y2O3 with the Al2O3 was induced by specific heat treatments. Transmission-electron microscopy was used to characterize the reaction products of each heat treatment. For a reaction temperature of 1200°C, cross-sectional TEM specimens revealed the development of Monoclinic Y4Al2O9 at the interface between the Y2O3 and the Al2O3. Development of YAG was seen to occur at the interface between the Al2O3 and the Y4Al2O9 for a slightly higher reaction temperature of 1250°C. The Metastable Y4Al2O9 phase and the Y2O3 phase were found to be consumed at higher reaction temperatures to form the equilibrium Y3Al5O12 (YAG) phase. The Morphology of the YAG film was characterized by scanning-electron microscopy.

Observation of solid-state reaction between a thin yttria film and a (0001) α-alumina substrate

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 644-645
Author(s):  
J. R. Heffelfinger ◽  
C. B. Carter
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Solid State Reaction ◽  
Yttrium Aluminum Garnet ◽  
Secondary Phase ◽  
Ceramic Composites ◽  
Alumina Substrate ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Alumina Fibers ◽  
Optical Applications

Transmission-electron microscopy (TEM), scanning-electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS) were used to investigate the solid-state reaction between a thin yttria film and a (0001) α-alumina substrate. Systems containing Y2O3 (yttria) and Al2O3 (alumina) are seen in many technologically relevant applications. For example, yttria is being explored as a coating material for alumina fibers for metal-ceramic composites. The coating serves as a diffusion barrier and protects the alumina fiber from reacting with the metal matrix. With sufficient time and temperature, yttria in contact with alumina will react to form one or a combination of phases shown by the phase diagram in Figure l. Of the reaction phases, yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) is used as a material for lasers and other optical applications. In a different application, YAG is formed as a secondary phase in the sintering of AIN. Yttria is added to AIN as a sintering aid and acts as an oxygen getter by reacting with the alumina in AIN to form YAG.

Kinetics of the solid-state reaction for the formation of amorphous ZrCo studied by electrical conductance measurements

1988 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 461-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Schröder ◽  
K. Samwer
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Solid State Reaction ◽  
Linear Time ◽  
Electrical Conductance ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Kinetics Of

Thin-film reactions of Co with Zr have been studied in the temperature range between 473 and 523 K by electrical conductance measurements and cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy (CS-TEM). The reduction of the electrical conductance during the solid state reaction is explained by formation and growth of an amorphous phase at every Zr/Co interface. For long reaction times the growth of the layer thickness follows a shifted $\sqrt t$ law. For short reaction times the measurements show a linear time law, which is expected for an interface limited reaction.

Solid-State Reactions in Fe/Si Multilayer Nanofilms

2014 ◽  
Vol 215 ◽  
pp. 144-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergey M. Zharkov ◽  
Roman R. Altunin ◽  
Evgeny T. Moiseenko ◽  
Galina M. Zeer ◽  
Sergey N. Varnakov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Electron Diffraction ◽  
Solid State Reaction ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Solid State Reactions ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Reaction Processes

Solid-state reaction processes in Fe/Si multilayer nanofilms have been studied in situ by the methods of transmission electron microscopy and electron diffraction in the process of heating from room temperature up to 900ºС at a heating rate of 8-10ºС/min. The solid-state reaction between the nanolayers of iron and silicon has been established to begin at 350-450ºС increasing with the thickness of the iron layer.

Mg–Ti–spinel formation by interfacial solid-state reaction at the TiN/MgO interface

1989 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 1266-1271 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Hultman ◽  
J-E. Sundgren ◽  
D. Hesse
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Reactive Magnetron ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tin Films ◽  
Spinel Formation ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Spinel Composition ◽  
Substrate Temperatures

Mg–Ti–spinel formation has been observed by cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy at the interface of TiN(100) films and MgO(100) substrates for films grown at substrate temperatures higher than 800 °C and for samples post-annealed at 850 °C. The TiN films were deposited by reactive magnetron sputtering onto cleaved (100)-oriented MgO substrates. The spinel formed 5 nm epitaxial layers along the interface with occasional (111) wedges growing into the MgO. The orientational relationships were found to be TiN(100)|spinel(100)|MgO(100) and TiN[001]|spinel[001]|MgO[001]. The spinel composition is suggested to be Mg2TiO4.

Solid-state reaction of Ru powder in molten AlxBi1−x

1990 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 746-753 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Johnson ◽  
C. M. Garland
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Alloy System ◽  
Reaction Cross ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Metal Solvent

We describe a low-temperature solid-state interdiffusion technique that allows reaction between spatially separated reacting species and its application in the Al–Ru alloy system. This technique uses a liquid-metal solvent (Bi) as a medium for the transfer of Al to the surface of Ru powder where reaction occurs with the formation of nanocrystalline AlxRu1−x product phases. X-ray diffraction measurements are used to follow the time and temperature dependence of the reaction. Cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy allows direct imaging of the growth and morphology of the AlxRu1−x product phases.

Particle size effects on yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) phase formation by solid-state reaction

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (19) ◽  
pp. 2303-2311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth R. Kupp ◽  
Sujarinee Kochawattana ◽  
Sang-Ho Lee ◽  
Scott Misture ◽  
Gary L. Messing
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Phase Formation ◽  
Solid State Reaction ◽  
Size Effects ◽  
Yttrium Aluminum Garnet ◽  
Particle Size Effects ◽  
Yttrium Aluminum ◽  
Image Position

Abstract

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