Electric Field Induced De-channeling in LiNbO3

1993 ◽  
Vol 316 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Zimmerman ◽  
D. Ila ◽  
N. Kukhtarev ◽  
E. K. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Single Crystals ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Crystal Defects ◽  
Alpha Particles ◽  
Fringe Field ◽  
Beam Direction ◽  
Ion Channeling ◽  
Piezoelectric Strain ◽  
Mev Protons

ABSTRACTAn electric field has been imposed on single crystals of pure and doped LiNbO3 during bombardment with 1.03 MeV protons and 2.1 MeV alpha particles. Simultaneous (p,p), (p,α) and (p,p'γ) channeling between the crystal planes showed that the channeling is less pronounced when an electric field of 106 volts/m is imposed perpendicular to the incident ion beam direction and to the channeling planes in the crystal. The results obtained are discussed and compared to the effects due to the fringe field outside the crystal, differential cation-anion movement, movement of interplanar impurities, the piezoelectric strain and movement or creation of crystal defects on ion channeling.

Characterization of Defects and Interfaces by the Ion Channeling Technique

1984 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. K. Chu ◽  
S. T. Picraux
Keyword(s):  
Ion Beam ◽  
Strain Analysis ◽  
Crystal Defects ◽  
Interfacial Structure ◽  
Heteroepitaxial Growth ◽  
Ion Channeling ◽  
Light Ions ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Fast Light

AbstractChanneling of fast, light ions in crystals has been widely used as a tool for studying crystal defects. This subject has been reviewed earlier at MRS-1980. During MRS-1980, principles of ion channeling, and examples of channeling analysis on bulk defects and surface structures, lattice location of impurities, and clustering phenomena were given. In this review, we give a brief overview of defect studies by the channeling technique and then elaborate on recent developments in channeling analysis of interfacial structure. The ion beam channeling technique permits characterization of heteroepitaxial growth starting at monolayer coverages and allows quantitative measurement of the lattice strain in heteroepitaxial layers. The strain analysis has been developed for multilayer structures and, for example, the tetragonal distortions of strained-layer superlattices can be determined for lattice mismatches as low as 0.2% corresponding to lattice distortions of 0.01Å.

Electron microscopy investigations on the mineral lorándite (TlAsS2) from Allchar in Macedonia

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobias Necke ◽  
Maximilian Trapp ◽  
Stefan Lauterbach ◽  
Georg Amthauer ◽  
Hans-Joachim Kleebe
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Single Crystals ◽  
Secondary Phase ◽  
Lattice Energy ◽  
Local Deformation ◽  
Crystal Defects ◽  
Coffee Bean ◽  
Electron Dose ◽  
Chemical Difference ◽  
Natural Mineral

Abstract In this paper, we report on electron microscopy studies of single crystals of the natural mineral lorándite, TlAsS2. The main focus of this investigation was to address the question as to whether those lorándite crystals are chemically and structurally homogeneous, in order to be utilized as an effective neutrino detector within the lorándite experiment (LOREX) project. Apart from few secondary minerals, being present only at the surface of the lorándite samples, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) indicated homogeneous crystals. Similarly, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) imaging revealed a homogenous and undisturbed crystal structure, with the only exception of local coffee-bean contrasts; however, rarely observed. These specific contrast variations are known to be a typical strain indicator caused by a local deformation of the crystal lattice. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) in conjunction with electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) did not show any significant chemical difference when analysing regions on or off those coffee-bean features, indicating a chemically homogenous mineral. Since the presence of lattice disturbing secondary phase precipitates could be excluded by imaging and complementary chemical analysis, crystal defects such as dislocations and stacking faults or minor fluid inclusions are discussed as the probable origin of this local elastic strain. The experimental results confirm that the studied lorándite single crystals fulfil all structural and chemical requirements to be employed as the natural mineral that allows to determine solar neutrino fluxes. In addition, critical issues regarding the rather challenging sample preparation of lorándite are reported and a quantification of the maximum tolerable electron dose in the TEM is presented, since lorándite was found to be sensitive with respect to electron beam irradiation. Furthermore, the limits of EDS measurements due to peak overlapping are shown and discussed utilizing the case of Pb in lorándite. In this regard, a comparison with the Tl- and Pb-containing natural mineral hutchinsonite, TlPbAs5S9, is also included.

Photodiodes based on MAPbBr3/Bi3+ doped MAPbCl3 single crystals heterojunction for X-ray detection

CrystEngComm ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuzhu Pan ◽  
Xin Wang ◽  
Jingda Zhao ◽  
Yubing Xu ◽  
Yuwei Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Single Crystals ◽  
External Electric Field ◽  
High Performance ◽  
X Ray

Perovskites single crystals (PSCs) could be used to made high performance photoelectric detectors due to its superior optoelectronic characteristics. Generally, external electric field need to be applied in the PSCs-based...

Characterization of Natural and Synthesized FeTiO3 Crystals With RBS/PIXE/XRD

1997 ◽  
Vol 07 (03n04) ◽  
pp. 265-275
Author(s):  
R. Q. Zhang ◽  
S. Yamamoto ◽  
Z. N. Dai ◽  
K. Narumi ◽  
A. Miyashita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Crystals ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Pressure Control ◽  
Floating Zone ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Beam Analysis ◽  
Ppm Level

Natural FeTiO 3 (illuminate) and synthesized FeTiO 3, single crystals were characterized by Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy combined with channeling technique and particle-induced x-ray emission (RBS-C and PIXE). The results obtained by the ion beam analysis were supplemented by the x-ray diffraction analysis to identify the crystallographic phase. Oriented single crystals of synthesized FeTiO 3 were grown under the pressure control of CO 2 and H 2 mixture gas using a single-crystal floating zone technique. The crystal quality of synthesized FeTiO 3 single crystals could be improved by the thermal treatment but the exact pressure control is needed to avoid the precipitation of Fe 2 O 3 even during the annealing procedure. Natural FeTiO 3 contains several kinds of impurities such as Mn , Mg , Na and Si . The synthesized samples contain Al , Si and Na which are around 100 ppm level as impurities. The PBS-C results of the natural sample imply that Mn impurities occupy the Fe sublattice in FeTiO 3 or in mixed phase between ilmenite and hematite.

Crystal Field Analysis of the Magnetization Curves of HoFe11Ti under High Pressure

2013 ◽  
Vol 818 ◽  
pp. 72-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gang Su
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Hydrogen Atom ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Single Crystals ◽  
High Pressures ◽  
Field Analysis ◽  
Magnetization Curves ◽  
Crystalline Electric Field ◽  
Crystalline Anisotropy ◽  
Magneto Crystalline Anisotropy

The crystalline electric field parameters Anmfor HoFe11Ti under different pressures were evaluated by fitting calculations to the magnetization curves measured on the single crystals at several temperatures. It was found that magneto-crystalline anisotropy has been changed by high pressure and the Anmfor HoFe11Ti under high pressures are strikingly different from Anmfor the corresponding HoFe11Ti H with interstitial hydrogen atom.

Introduction of Fine Engineered Domain Configuration into Potassium Niobate Single Crystals

2007 ◽  
Vol 350 ◽  
pp. 89-92
Author(s):  
Keisuke Yokoh ◽  
Tomomitsu Muraishi ◽  
Song Min Nam ◽  
Hirofumi Kakemoto ◽  
Takaaki Tsurumi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Single Crystals ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Single Domain ◽  
Potassium Niobate ◽  
Field Exposure ◽  
Domain State ◽  
Domain Configuration ◽  
Dc Electric Field ◽  
Direction Of Polarization

To induce fine engineered domain configurations into potassium niobate (KNbO3) single crystals, two kinds of methods were performed, i.e., (1) high DC electric field exposure along the opposite direction of polarization of KNbO3 single-domain crystals at room temperature, and (2) introduction of randomly oriented fine domain configuration by heat treatment at 700 °C and then high DC electric field exposure along [001]c direction of KNbO3 multidomain crystals at room temperature. When the method (1) was performed, finally, the poled KNbO3 crystals became to single-domain state again through the formation of multidomain state. On the other hand, the KNbO3 multidomain crystals were obtained by using the method (2), and an enhancement of piezoelectric-related properties was observed.

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