Radiolytically-Induced Gas Production in Plutonium-Spiked Wipp Brine

1992 ◽  
Vol 294 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. T. Reed ◽  
S. Okajima ◽  
L. H. Brush ◽  
M. A. Molecke
Keyword(s):  
Gas Phase ◽  
Alpha Particle ◽  
Particle Deposition ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Gas Generation ◽  
Gaseous Products

ABSTRACTGas generation due to alpha particle deposition was investigated in four WIPP relevant brines; WIPP brine A, ERDA-6, DH-36 and G8-B. This was done by spiking each brine with plutonium-239 and periodically sampling the gas phase to determine the nature of the gaseous products and the rates of gas generation. The predominant gas generated radiolytically was hydrogen, with yields ranging from 0.6 to 1.5 molec/100 eV for the four brines tested. Plutonium (VI) was stable in two synthetic brines, WIPP brine A and ERDA-6 but was rapidly reduced in the underground collected brines DH-36 and G8-B, although most of the plutonium remained in solution.

Laboratory Investigation into the Radiolytic Gas Generation from Rock Salt. A Study Related to the Disposal of High Level Radioactive Waste

1988 ◽  
Vol 127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norbert Jockwer ◽  
Jörg Monig
Keyword(s):  
Dose Rate ◽  
Rock Salt ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Polar Compounds ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Gas Generation ◽  
Γ Irradiation ◽  
Gaseous Products ◽  
Air Atmosphere ◽  
High Level

ABSTRACTSalt samples of two different mineralogical compositions were subjected to 60Co-γ-irradiation under an air-atmosphere. The resulting gaseous products were analysed from the gas phase above the salt. Additionally, the salt was subsequently heated up to 300 °C in order to liberate adsorbed, less volatile, and polar compounds. The gases CO2, CO, N2O, H2S, SO2, and Cl2 were identified whereas H2 was notably absent. The influence of various parameters, i. e. the total absorbed dose, the dose rate, and the temperature, on the radiolytic gas production was studied in some detail, increasing dose leads to increasing yields in CO2 and N2O. Carbon monoxide is radiolytically destroyed. Since CO2 and CO occur naturally in rock salt, they desorb thermally to some extent during the irradiation. The dose rate does not affect the yields, while the temperature during irradiation has a big effect on the radiolytic CO2 yields. At 250 °C and a radiation dose of 1×106 Gy a maximum CO2 yield of 70 mg gas per kg irradiated salt was observed. Upon heating the sample to 300 °C for 30 min. 47 mg per kg salt are additionally released.

Gas-phase ozonolysis of α-pinene: gaseous products and particle formation

2003 ◽  
Vol 37 (28) ◽  
pp. 3933-3945 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Berndt ◽  
O. Böge ◽  
F. Stratmann
Keyword(s):  
Gas Phase ◽  
Particle Formation ◽  
Gaseous Products

Study on the Forming Conditions of Shale Gas in Coal Measure of Wuli Area, Qinghai Province, China

2013 ◽  
Vol 295-298 ◽  
pp. 2770-2773 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dai Yong Cao ◽  
Jing Li ◽  
Ying Chun Wei ◽  
Xiao Yu Zhang ◽  
Chong Jing Wang
Keyword(s):  
Shale Gas ◽  
Thermal Evolution ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Source Rocks ◽  
Coal Measure ◽  
Gas Generation ◽  
Qinghai Province ◽  
Coal Measures

Besides coal seam, the source rocks including dark mudstone, carbon mudstone and so on account for a large proportion in the coal measures. Based on the complex geothermal evolution history, the majority of coal measure organic matters with the peak of gas generation have a good potential of gas. Therefore, shale gas in coal measure is an important part of the shale gas resources. There are good conditions including the thickness of coal measures, high proportion of shale rocks, rich in organic matter content, high degree of thermal evolution, high content of brittle mineral and good conditions of the porosity and permeability for the generation of shale gas in Wuli area, the south of Qinghai province. Also the direct evidence of the gas production has been obtained from the borehole. The evaluation of shale gas in coal measure resources could broaden the understanding of the shale gas resources and promote the comprehensive development of the coal resources.

scholarly journals A model for coupled electro-hydro-mechanical processes in fine grained soils accounting for gas generation and transport

2010 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 169-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio Tamagnini ◽  
Cristina Jommi ◽  
Fabio Cattaneo
Keyword(s):  
Pore Space ◽  
Transport Coefficients ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Degree Of Saturation ◽  
Coupled Processes ◽  
Gas Generation ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Clayey Silt ◽  
Waste Containment Systems ◽  
The Impact

A theoretical and numerical model is developed for the quantitative analysis of coupled processes taking place in active waste containment systems, such as electrokinetic barriers or fences, in which alow intensity DC current is circulated across the clay barrier to move polar and non-polar contaminants. A novel feature of the proposed approach is the allowance for the presence of air in the pore space. Under unsaturated conditions, all transport coefficients involved in the electrokinetic process are strongly dependent on the degree of saturation of pore liquid. In order to assess the predictive capability of the proposed theory and to appreciate the impact of gas production at the electrodes, a series of numerical simulations of simple onedimensional electrokinetic tests have been performed. The results of the simulations compare reasonably well with data obtained from laboratory experiments performed on an illitic clayey silt. The numerical results indicate that the impact of gas production at the electrodes can be significant, even in low-intensity and short-duration treatments.

scholarly journals Energetic Alpha Particle Deposition in a Magnetized Plasma

1991 ◽  
Vol 20 (4P2) ◽  
pp. 838-842 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. P. Smitherman ◽  
R. C. Kirkpatrick
Keyword(s):  
Alpha Particle ◽  
Particle Deposition ◽  
Magnetized Plasma

scholarly journals Secondary formation of nitrated phenols: insights from observations during the Uintah Basin Winter Ozone Study (UBWOS) 2014

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (20) ◽  
pp. 28659-28697 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Yuan ◽  
J. Liggio ◽  
J. Wentzell ◽  
S.-M. Li ◽  
H. Stark ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Phase ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Heterogeneous Reactions ◽  
Box Model ◽  
Ionization Mass ◽  
Oil And Gas Production ◽  
Production Region ◽  
Secondary Formation ◽  
Online Measurements

Abstract. We describe the results from online measurements of nitrated phenols using a time of flight chemical ionization mass spectrometer (ToF-CIMS) with acetate as reagent ion in an oil and gas production region in January and February of 2014. Strong diurnal profiles were observed for nitrated phenols, with concentration maxima at night. Based on known markers (CH4, NOx, CO2), primary emissions of nitrated phenols were not important in this study. A box model was used to simulate secondary formation of phenol, nitrophenol (NP) and dinitrophenols (DNP). The box model results indicate that oxidation of aromatics in the gas phase can explain the observed concentrations of NP and DNP in this study. Photolysis was the most efficient loss pathway for NP in the gas phase. We show that aqueous-phase reactions and heterogeneous reactions were minor sources of nitrated phenols in our study. This study demonstrates that the emergence of new ToF-CIMS (including PTR-TOF) techniques allows for the measurement of intermediate oxygenates at low levels and these measurements improve our understanding of the evolution of primary VOCs in the atmosphere.

The effects of differing concentrations of CO2 and O2 on the fermentative metabolism of the rumen fungi Neocallimastix patriciarum and Neocallimastix frontalis L2

1998 ◽  
Vol 44 (9) ◽  
pp. 819-824 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth MR Rees ◽  
David Lloyd ◽  
Alan G Williams
Keyword(s):  
Gas Phase ◽  
Glucose Utilization ◽  
Relative Proportion ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Ferredoxin Oxidoreductase ◽  
Fermentative Metabolism ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Neocallimastix Patriciarum ◽  
Neocallimastix Frontalis ◽  
Pyruvate Ferredoxin Oxidoreductase

The effects of decreasing the concentration of CO2 and introducing up to 10% O2 into the headspace gases on the fermentative metabolism of the rumen fungi Neocallimastix patriciarum and Neocallimastix frontalis L2 were investigated. The relative proportion of metabolites produced by both fungi depended on the concentration of CO2 in the headspace. Under lowered CO2 levels, both fungi produced increased acetate, lactate, and H2, whereas the production of ethanol, formate, and (in the case of N. frontalis L2) succinate decreased. Lowered CO2 concentrations also decreased the rate of glucose utilization and cumulative gas production by both fungal isolates. In addition, decreased CO2 levels resulted in decreases in NAD(P)H ferredoxin oxidoreductase and hydrogenase activities, whereas malate dehydrogenase and pyruvate ferredoxin oxidoreductase activities were increased. Both N. patriciarum and N. frontalis L2 required at least 7% CO2 in the gas phase for growth. Both isolates also showed a degree of aerotolerance as they grew when exposed to 5% O2; they also grew in media lacking a reducing agent, providing that O2 was initially <1% of the total headspace concentration.Key words: rumen fungi, Neocallimastix, metabolism, carbon dioxide, oxygen.

An Experimental Study of Controlled Gas-Phase Combustion in Porous Media for Enhanced Recovery of Oil and Gas

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier E. Sanmiguel ◽  
S. A. (Raj) Mehta ◽  
R. Gordon Moore
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Porous Media ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Enhanced Recovery ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Operating Pressure

Abstract Gas-phase combustion in porous media has many potential applications in the oil and gas industry. Some of these applications are associated with: air injection based improved oil recovery (IOR) processes, formation heat treatment for remediation of near well-bore formation damage, downhole steam generation for heavy oil recovery, in situ preheating of bitumen for improved pumping, increased temperatures in gas condensate reservoirs, and improved gas production from hydrate reservoirs. The available literature on gas-phase flame propagation in porous media is limited to applications at atmospheric pressure and ambient temperature, where the main application is in designing burners for combustion of gaseous fuels having low calorific value. The effect of pressure on gas-phase combustion in porous media is not well understood. Accordingly, this paper will describe an experimental study aimed at establishing fundamental information on the various processes and relevant controlling mechanisms associated with gas-phase combustion in porous media, especially at elevated pressures. A novel apparatus has been designed, constructed and commissioned in order to evaluate the effects of controlling parameters such as operating pressure, gas flow rate, type and size of porous media, and equivalence ratio on combustion characteristics. The results of this study, concerned with lean mixtures of natural gas and air and operational pressures from atmospheric (88.5 kPa or 12.8 psia) to 433.0 kPa (62.8 psia), will be presented. It will be shown that the velocity of the combustion front decreases as the operating pressure of the system increases, and during some test operating conditions, the apparent burning velocities are over 40 times higher than the open flame laminar burning velocities.

Pre-Dehalogenation of Chlorine-Containing Medical Waste

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (9) ◽  
pp. 4-9
Author(s):  
N.A. Zroychikov ◽  
S.A. Fadeev ◽  
G.I. Dvoskin ◽  
L.M. Dudkina ◽  
V.F. Kornilyeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Phase ◽  
Pyrolysis Temperature ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Medical Waste ◽  
Gaseous Products ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Typical Composition ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Subsequent Neutralization

The results of the study of the destruction of a model mixture of medical waste (MW) of typical composition and their components in the range of pyrolysis temperature of 400–650 °C are presented. It is shown that during the initial stage of waste heating by the time the temperature reaches 350 °C, 86–88 % of chlorine in the form of hydrogen chloride (HCl) passes into the gas phase. Considered developed and protected by the patent of the Russian Federation scheme of organization of thermal utilization of MW by two-stage pyrolysis with the removal of HCl from the gas stream at the first stage of the process with its subsequent neutralization with an alkaline solution, which significantly reduces the possibility of the formation of dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDD) and dibenzofurans (PCDF) in the second stage of pyrolysis, gaseous products in the form of a concentrated gas-vapor mixture are burned at a temperature of 1000–1350 °C, which ensures fire destruction of all the organic components of pyrolysis and environmental safety of exhaust flue gases.

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