Spatial-Resolution Limits of Laser Patterning: Submicrometer Projection Microchemistry

1983 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Ehrlich ◽  
J. Y. Tsao
Keyword(s):  
Excimer Laser ◽  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Pyrex Glass ◽  
Direct Write ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Model ◽  
Laser Illumination ◽  
Laser Patterning ◽  
Resolution Limits ◽  
Two Dimensional Model

ABSTRACTThe predictions of a simple two-dimensional model for the sensitivity to process contrast of direct-write and projection laser microchemistry are reviewed. Microchemical reactions excited by UV image projection are demonstrated using a 30X reduction reflecting system and excimer laser illumination. Well-resolved images with submicrometer features are obtained by: (1) reaction of an Al/O cermet, (2) projection doping of Si in BCl3,(3) projection etching of Pyrex glass in H2, and (4) reactive patterning of an organic bilayer. Linewidths of 0.5 – 0.2 μm have been demonstrated for projection imaging in these systems.

Commitment to pro- versus counter-attitudinal behavior and the dynamics of social representations

2002 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Tafani ◽  
Lionel Souchet
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Social Representations ◽  
Cognitive Restructuring ◽  
Social Representation ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Model ◽  
Social Actions ◽  
The Social ◽  
Two Dimensional Model ◽  
Students Attitudes

This research uses the counter-attitudinal essay paradigm ( Janis & King, 1954 ) to test the effects of social actions on social representations. Thus, students wrote either a pro- or a counter-attitudinal essay on Higher Education. Three forms of counter-attitudinal essays were manipulated countering respectively a) students’ attitudes towards higher education; b) peripheral beliefs or c) central beliefs associated with this representation object. After writing the essay, students expressed their attitudes towards higher education and evaluated different beliefs associated with it. The structural status of these beliefs was also assessed by a “calling into question” test ( Flament, 1994a ). Results show that behavior challenging either an attitude or peripheral beliefs induces a rationalization process, giving rise to minor modifications of the representational field. These modifications are only on the social evaluative dimension of the social representation. On the other hand, when the behavior challenges central beliefs, the same rationalization process induces a cognitive restructuring of the representational field, i.e., a structural change in the representation. These results and their implications for the experimental study of representational dynamics are discussed with regard to the two-dimensional model of social representations ( Moliner, 1994 ) and rationalization theory ( Beauvois & Joule, 1996 ).

Pulse Antennas: Accurate Solution of Two-Dimensional Model Problems for Structures with Gratings as Dispersive Elements

2001 ◽  
Vol 55 (8) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
A. I. Vyazmitinova ◽  
V. L. Pazynin ◽  
Andrei Olegovich Perov ◽  
Yurii Konstantinovich Sirenko ◽  
H. Akdogan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Accurate Solution ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Model ◽  
Two Dimensional Model

Consolidation and Shearing Tests by Two-Dimensional Model Powder Particles

1969 ◽  
Vol 18 (189) ◽  
pp. 489-493
Author(s):  
Kaoru UMEYA ◽  
Nobuyuki KITAMOIR ◽  
Ryuichi HARA ◽  
Tatsuo YOSHIDA
Keyword(s):  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Model ◽  
Two Dimensional Model ◽  
Powder Particles
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