Analysis of Materials Contained in Mid-4th to Early 7th Century A. D. Palestinian Kohl Tubes

1992 ◽  
Vol 267 ◽  
Author(s):  
William D. Blanchard ◽  
E. Marianne Stern ◽  
Leon P. Stodulski
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Fourier Transform Infrared ◽  
Infrared Spectrometry ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Scanning Electron

ABSTRACTThe powdered contents of 17 Late Roman and Byzantine glass vessels used to hold cosmetic eye-paints (kohl) were analyzed. The principal analytical techniques employed were X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectrometry, X-ray fluorescence, and scanning electron microscopy. The materials detected are described, indicating those which may have been used as kohl. Also reported are analytical results from a solid chunk of material surrounding a fragment of a metal rod, also obtained from a kohl vessel.

PENINGKATAN LAJU DISOLUSI ACYCLOVIR DENGAN METODE SISTEM DISPERSI PADAT MENGGUNAKAN POLOXAMER 188

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Budi Setiawan ◽  
Erizal Zaini ◽  
Salman Umar
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Differential Thermal Analysis ◽  
Fourier Transform Infrared ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Poloxamer 188 ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Scanning Electron

Sebuah penelitian tentang sistem dispersi padat dari asiklovir dengan poloxamer 188 telah dilakukan formulasi dengan pencampuran secara fisika dengan rasio 1 : 1, 1 : 3, 1 : 5 dan dispersi padat 1 : 1, 1 : 3, 1 : 5 dan penggilingan 1:1 sebagai pembanding. Dispersi padat dibuat menggunakan metode pencairan (fusi), yang digabung dengan poloxamer 188 pada hotplate kemudian asiklovir dimasukkan ke dalam hasil poloxamer 188 lalu di kocok hingga membentuk masa homogen. Semua formula yang terbentuk termasuk asiklovir poloxamer 188 murni dianalisis karakterisasinya dengan Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA), X-ray Diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), dan Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), kemudian pengambilan dilakukan  (penentuan kadar) mengunakan spektrofotometer UV pada panjang gelombang 257,08 nm dan uji laju disolusi dengan aquadest bebas CO2 menggunakan metode dayung. Hasil pengambilan  (penentuan kadar) menunjukkan bahwa semua formula memenuhi persyaratan farmakope Amerika edisi 30 dan farmakope Indonesia edisi 4 yaitu 95-110%. Sedangkan hasil uji laju disolusi untuk campuran fisik 1: 1, dan dispersi padat 1: 1, dan penggilingan 1: 1 menunjukkan peningkatan yang nyata dibandingkan asiklovir murni. Hal ini juga dapat dilihat dari hasil perhitungan statistik  menggunakan analisis varian satu arah  SPSS 17.

Biocidal activity of curcumin and cationic polymer possessing composites

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 389-398
Author(s):  
Tarık Eren ◽  
Gülay Baysal ◽  
Faik Doğan
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Fourier Transform Infrared ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Scanning Electron

There is a growing interest in new type of biocidal compounds with antibacterial properties against bacteria. In this study, new antibacterial synthetic materials bearing curcumin and cationic polymers were synthesized. In the synthesis stage, the methacrylate functional cationic monomer was synthesized via the Michael addition route by using 3-acryloxy-2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate and 3-amino pyridine to obtain Monomer 1. Monomer 1 was further quaternized with hexyl bromide to obtain a cationic methacrylate functional monomer. Free-radical polymerization of Monomer 1 and methyl acrylate was conducted in the presence of azobisisobutyronitrile under dimethylformamide solvent. The composite formulation was conducted by using turmeric extract Curcuma longa (curcumin), hydroxyapatite, montmorillonite, and silver nitrate. The materials were analyzed by using the methods of X-ray diffraction, nuclear magnetic resonance, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The biocidal activities against the bacteria Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella, and Staphylococcus aureus were analyzed using agar well diffusion method. From the Fourier transform infrared, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy analysis results of the synthesized nanocomposites, it is seen that they form strong connections with the components added to the composites and form an exfoliated structure. According to the antibacterial analysis results, the nanocomposites obtained have showed a strong antibacterial resistance against E.coli, L.monocytogenes, Salmonella, and S. aureus bacteria, and the high inhibition zone areas were obtained.

Ethylenediamine Processed Cu2SnS3 Nano Particles via Mild Solution Route

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 001-005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Nesamony Prathiba Jeya Helan ◽  
Kannusamy Mohanraj ◽  
Sethuramachandran Thanikaikarasan ◽  
Thaiyan Mahalingam ◽  
Ganesan Sivakumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Fourier Transform Infrared ◽  
Nano Particles ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Electron Microscopy Analysis ◽  
Microscopy Techniques ◽  
Scanning Electron

Copper tin sulphide nanoparticles have been prepared by solution growth technique at various ethylenediamine concentrations. Prepared samples have been characterized using x-ray diffraction, fourier transform infrared, Raman and scanning electron microscopy techniques. x-ray diffraction results revealed that the prepared samples are nanocrystalline in nature with tetragonal structure. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis results showed the presence of Cu-O, Sn-O and Sn-S vibrations in the wavenumber range between 450 and 620 cm-1. Vibrational symmetry of prepared samples have been analyzed using Raman spectroscopy. Scanning electron microscopy analysis indicated the formation of flower like nanocrystals for samples prepared at various Ethylenediamine concentrations.

Regeneration of the Brewing Spent Diatomite

2014 ◽  
Vol 998-999 ◽  
pp. 1425-1428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen Ya Mei ◽  
Teng Hong Hui
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Fourier Transform Infrared ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Remarkable Increase ◽  
Efficient Adsorbent ◽  
Scanning Electron

Brewing spent diatomite (BSDT), a beer industrial by-product, was regenerated with calcination. The characteristics of regenerated BSDT were detected by X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, Fourier-transform infrared, and scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that the mineralization of the surface adsorbate and the remarkable increase in the Si-OH decreased the pHpzc value from 7.6 to 5.2 and increased the surface area from 36 m2/g to 52 m2/g after calcination at 800 °C. The results show that the regenerated BSTD could be employed as an efficient adsorbent for the recycling of BSDT.

scholarly journals Sintesis dan Karakterisasi Selulosa Bakteri Tercangkok Poliakrilonitril dan Teramidoksimasi Menggunakan Teknik Pra-iradiasi

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oktaviani Oktaviani ◽  
Emil Budianto ◽  
Sugiarto Danu
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Fourier Transform Infrared ◽  
Acetobacter Xylinum ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Thermal Gravimetry ◽  
Scanning Electron

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari kopolimerisasi cangkok akrilonitril pada selulosa bakteri (SB) dengan inisiasi radiasi serta penambahan hidroksilamin untuk menghasilkan gugus amidoksim. Pencangkokan akrilonitril pada SB diharapkan dapat meningkatkan ketahanan termal SB. Sedangkan SB yang bersifat sebagai pengkelat ion-ion logam berat, diharapkan dapat dihasilkan melalui penambahan hidroksilamin. Film selulosa bakteri telah berhasil dibuat dari air kelapa yang diinokulasi dengan bakteri Acetobacter xylinum. Film selulosa bakteri (SB) selanjutnya diiradiasi dengan berkas elektron pada rentang dosis 15-120 kGy, laju dosis 15 kGy/pass pada suhu 30 + 1 0C. Setelah diiradiasi, SB tersebut dikopolimerisasi cangkok dengan monomer akrilonitril. Kondisi optimum untuk kopolimerisasi cangkok akrilonitril pada SB adalah pada dosis 75 kGy, suhu 600C, waktu 3 jam, dan konsentrasi akrilonitril 30% b/b. Derajat pencangkokan tertinggi yang diperoleh adalah 56,03 %. Selulosa bakteri tercangkok akrilonitril (SB tercangkok PAN) selanjutnya diamidoksimasi. Amidoksimasi dilakukan dengan penambahan hidroksilamin hidroklorida 6 % b/v dalam pelarut metanol:air = 50:50 v/v pada pH 7, dan diperoleh waktu optimum selama 2 jam dengan densitas gugus amidoksim sebesar 5,425 mmol/ g. Hasil karakterisasi dengan Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) menunjukkan adanya spektrum spesifik gugus siano setelah proses pencangkokan akrilonitril pada SB dan intensitasnya menurun setelah diamidoksimasi. Hal tersebut diperkuat dengan hasil uji Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) yang memperlihatkan adanya gugus siano yang menempel setelah pencangkokan, dan gugus tersebut tidak terlihat lagi setelah amidoksimasi. Dari hasil uji dengan X-ray Diffraction (XRD), indeks kristalinitas SB tercangkok PAN akan semakin rendah dengan meningkatnya derajat pencangkokan dan pengujian dengan Thermal Gravimetry Analysis (TGA) menunjukkan bahwa ketahanan panas SB tercangkok PAN meningkat.

scholarly journals Microscopy and development of a remarkable pitted quill from the thin-spined porcupine, Chaetomys subspinosus

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-41
Author(s):  
David M. Chapman ◽  
Gastón A.F. Giné ◽  
Uldis Roze
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Infrared Spectrometry ◽  
Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Root Sheath ◽  
Inner Root Sheath ◽  
Pentagonal Prism ◽  
Scanning Electron

Scanning electron microscopy shows that the quill surface from the thin-spined porcupine (Chaetomys subspinosus (Olfers, 1818)) has several regional cuticular patterns of which the most expansive is highly pitted with 4 μm wide pores leading to pits, which in turn communicate circumferentially via tunnels to neighboring pits. The cell unit of the pitted layer is a hexagonal or pentagonal prism, the “pitted fibrillous cuticular cell” (PFCC), which has a superficial pitted cuticular scale derived part with an underlying part packed with fine fibrils and the nucleus. The scaled part has about six scales, which swell and fuse except where raised cuticular scales from the inner root sheath intervene. This unique and complicated cell soon dies even while below the skin’s surface during its development. The raised scale-bearing cells of the inner root sheath leave their imprints on the PFCC’s surface, thus indicating that the quill’s pitted layer is at one time soft. Histochemistry, energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry, and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry show that the PFCC is keratinous.

Indium Nitride Nanoparticles Prepared by Laser Ablation in Liquid

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (02) ◽  
pp. 1850021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khawla S. Khashan ◽  
Sarah F. Abbas
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Laser Ablation ◽  
Indium Nitride ◽  
Fourier Transform Infrared ◽  
Cubic Phase ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Scanning Electron

Indium nitride InN nanoparticles NPs suspension prepared by Nd:YAG laser ablation of indium target submerged under ammonium hydroxide. The Scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, UV/VIS/NIR spectrophotometer and Conductivity meter were used to determine the properties of the nanoparticles prepared with different laser conditions. Fourier transform infrared spectra exhibit the presence of In[Formula: see text]N and In–N bonds, which indicates the formation of InN particles. X-ray diffraction pattern observed in the formation of InN NPs with cubic phase, the average diameters of the dominant peak c-InN (101) were approximately 2[Formula: see text]nm. Scanning electron microscopy image shows the presence of a large number of spherical shape nanoparticles having a particle size in the range 2–40[Formula: see text]nm with a few individual nanoparticles larger than 128[Formula: see text]nm. The transmission spectra of InN NPs suspension have the maximum optical transmission edge at 1378[Formula: see text]nm with bandgap energy was 0.85–1.2[Formula: see text]eV. InN has high electrical conductivity that depends on temperature value with small activation energy at room temperature ranging from 0.0318[Formula: see text]meV to 0.1591[Formula: see text]meV.

scholarly journals PERBANDINGAN FOTOKATALIS TiO2/KITOSAN DAN TiO2/BENTONIT SERTA APLIKASINYA SEBAGAI PENJERNIH AIR EMBUNG UNNES

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 807
Author(s):  
Emas Agus Prastyo Wibowo
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Fourier Transform Infrared ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Scanning Electron

Air embung kini kondisinya memprihatinkan karena terlihat lebih keruh dan juga kotor karena tercemar oleh limbah sehingga tidak bisa dimanfaatkan sebagaimana fungsinya dulu yakni sebagai tempat penampungan air hujan yang dimanfaatkan oleh warga unnes dan sekitarnya serta untuk rekreasi.Tujuan dari penelitian ini yakni untuk memberikan solusi sebagai upaya pengembalian fungsi air embung dengan alat penjernih berbasis fotokatalis TiO2/kitosan, TiO2/bentonit yang apabila terkena sinar tampak akan menghasilkan senyawa OH radikal yang berfungsi sebagai pendegradasi polutan organik dan senyawa superoksida. Selain fotokatalis, penelitian ini juga melakukan adsorpsi zeolit. Berdasarkan hasil SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy) di atas dapat disimpulkan bahwa: Pada perbesaran SEM 100x, 250x, 500x dan 1000x terlihat bahwa material terlapis belum bagus dan masih menggumpal dan belum merata.  Hasil pembentukan dikarakterisasi dengan menggunakan X-Ray Diffraction, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR). Terbentuknya komposit TiO2-bentonit belum mengalami perubahan masih sama pada bilangan gelombang. Berdasarkan hasil BOD dan COD didapatkan bahwa dengan adanya teknologi fotokatalis TiO2/kitosan dan TiO2/bentonit dapat mendegradasi polutan organik di dalam air dan dapat menurunkan angka BOD dan COD pada air embung UNNES. 

scholarly journals Analytical study of Buddha sculptures in Jingyin temple of Taiyuan, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaojian Bai ◽  
Chen Jia ◽  
Zhigen Chen ◽  
Yuxuan Gong ◽  
Huwei Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Analytical Study ◽  
Energy Dispersive Spectrometry ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Ancient China ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Unique Style ◽  
Scanning Electron

AbstractWith exquisite design and unique style, the painted sculptures of Tutang Buddha and two attendants Buddha in Jingyin Temple are precious cultural heritages of China. The sculpture of Tutang Buddha, which was carved from a mound and painted by ancient craftsmen, was rarely found in ancient China. However, due to natural and human factors, the sculptures were severely damaged. Obviously, they require urgent and appropriate protection and restoration. In this study, samples taken from the sculptures were analysed through multiple analytical techniques, including scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM–EDS), Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), optical microscopy (OM) and granulometry. The analysis results enable us to infer the techniques used by the craftsmen in making the sculptures and provide a reliable evidence for the conservation and future protection of these and similar sculptures.

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