Comparative Studies of Ancient Mortars From Giza, Egypt, and Nevali ÇOri, Turkey

1992 ◽  
Vol 267 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Reller ◽  
P.-M. Wilde ◽  
H.G. Wiedemann ◽  
H. Hauptmann ◽  
G. Bonani
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Early Period ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Comparative Results ◽  
Crucial Ingredient ◽  
Transfer Mechanisms ◽  
Aceramic Neolithic

ABSTRACTMortars collected from the Cheops pyramid, the Sphinx and the Chephren pyramid, all at Giza, Egypt, have been compared with recently found mortars of a cult building of the aceramic neolithic at Nevali üori (south east of Urfa, province Hilvan, Turkey), probably one of the earliest sites of civilization. As methods of investigation thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction as well as analytical scanning and transmission electron microscopy have been used. The egyptian mortars have been found to be primarily made up of gypsum, anhydrite and calcite. The comparative results with mortar of the recently detected temple site at Nevali Con, Turkey, give evidence that the burning or otherwise chemical treatment of limestone as crucial ingredient for the fabrication of mortar has been performed at a very early period (10'000 - 8000 B.C.). In order to further confirm the described findings 14C dating measurements have been carried out. The results of the described studies raise many questions concerning early civilizations and their knowledge of technologies as well as the transfer mechanisms of this knowledge.

On the destruction of kaolinite and gibbsite by phenylphosphonic, phenylphosphinic and phenylarsonic acids: evidence for the formation of new Al compounds

Clay Minerals ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 391-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. F. C. Gardolinski ◽  
G. Lagaly ◽  
M. Czank
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Linear Chain ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Phenylphosphonic Acid ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Selected Area Electron Diffraction ◽  
Transmission Electron

AbstractKaolinite and synthetic γ-Al(OH)3 (gibbsite or hydrargillite) were reacted with phenylphosphonic, phenylphosphinic and 2-nitrophenol-4-arsonic acids. The products were studied by powder X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy/selected area electron diffraction/ energy dispersive X-ray/Fourier transform infrared and simultaneous thermogravimetric/differential thermal analysis. The acids were not intercalated but, instead, easily destroyed the structure of the minerals. Lamellar Al phenylphosphonate and aluminium phenylphosphinate and phenylarsonate with polymeric linear-chain structures were formed from kaolinite. The reaction between gibbsite and the same acids yielded almost identical products. No evidence of formation of grafted kaolinite derivatives after the reaction with phenylphosphonic acid was found.

Facile Removal of Pesticides from Aqueous Solutions Using Magnetic Nanocomposites I. Synthesis and characterization of the adsorbent material

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (11) ◽  
pp. 3931-3934
Author(s):  
Irina Fierascu ◽  
Raluca Somoghi ◽  
Cristian Andi Nicolae ◽  
Nicolae Stanica ◽  
Radu Claudiu Fierascu
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Synthesis And Characterization ◽  
Magnetic Nanocomposites ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron

An inorganic/organic magnetic nanocomposite was synthesized and analytically characterized using X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and thermal analysis. The evaluation of the magnetic properties revealed that both the magnetite and the magnetite/chitosan nanocomposite are superparamagnetic with a paramagnetic component, having the saturation magnetization values of 48.04 emu/g, and 41.3 emu/g, respectively. The synthesized material is indented for the adsorption of two known commercial-available pesticides (active ingredients deltamethrin and thiamethoxam, respectively) from aqueous solutions.

A solvothermal route to wurtzite ZnSe nanoparticles

2000 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 629-632 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Zhan ◽  
X. G. Yang ◽  
W. X. Zhang ◽  
D. W. Wang ◽  
Y. Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Zinc Powder ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy Observation ◽  
Elemental Selenium ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Microscopy Observation ◽  
Znse Nanoparticles ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron

Zinc powder reacts with equivalent elemental selenium in solvent ethylenediamine at 120 °C for 6 h to form a complex, which is converted to ZnSe nanoparticles by pyrolysis or protonization. X-ray diffraction results suggest that the as-formed products have wurtzite structure. Transmission electron microscopy observation show that particles with spherical and laminar morphology were produced by pyrolysis and protonization, respectively. The formation of ZnSe nanoparticles is also investigated by infrared and thermal analysis.

Formation of Structurally Complex U-Phase in Al72Pd12.8Co15.2 Alloy

2013 ◽  
Vol 592-593 ◽  
pp. 517-520
Author(s):  
Ivona Černičková ◽  
Peter Švec ◽  
Emília Illeková ◽  
Dusan Janickovic ◽  
Pavol Priputen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Differential Thermal Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Annealing Conditions ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Compositional Homogeneity ◽  
Scanning Electron

The U-phase in the Al72Pd12.8Co15.2alloy was studied under non-equilibrium (casting, differential thermal analysis) and near-equilibrium (long-term annealing) conditions to consider its compositional homogeneity. In the investigation, scanning electron microscopy including energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and differential thermal analysis were used. Contrary to the finding reported for the Al69.8Pd13.8Co16.4alloy, the results obtained for the investigated Al72Pd12.8Co15.2alloy did not confirm the compositional heterogeneity of the near-equilibrium U-phase after annealing at 700°C for 2000 h and at 850°C for 500 h.

The fcc to hcp transition induced by mechanical deformations in the Ni–Ru system

1992 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 2412-2417 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Van Neste ◽  
A. Lamarre ◽  
M.L. Trudeau ◽  
R. Schulz
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Phase Transition ◽  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Transition Point ◽  
Structural Transition ◽  
Crystalline Solid ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Mechanical Deformations ◽  
Transmission Electron

The structural transition between the metastable fcc and hcp crystalline solid solutions in the Ni–Ru system has been studied as a function of composition using the mechanical alloying technique. At the transition point, the spacings between the close-packed planes of the metastable fcc and hcp phases are the same. No amorphization is observed at the interfaces. This mechanically induced phase transition has been studied by x-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and differential thermal analysis.

scholarly journals Synthesis of Thermally Spherical CuO Nanoparticles

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nittaya Tamaekong ◽  
Chaikarn Liewhiran ◽  
Sukon Phanichphant
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Nitrogen Adsorption ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Cuo Nanoparticles ◽  
Thermal Method ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Electron

Copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles were successfully synthesized by a thermal method. The CuO nanoparticles were further characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential thermal analysis (DTA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS), and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), respectively. The specific surface area (SSABET) of CuO nanoparticles was determined by nitrogen adsorption. TheSSABETwas found to be 99.67 m2/g (dBETof 9.5 nm). The average diameter of the spherical CuO nanoparticles was approximately 6–9 nm.

Synthesis of magnesium hydroxide nanoneedles and short nanorods on polymer dispersant template

2007 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 2544-2549 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Yan ◽  
Jianming Wu ◽  
Xuehu Zhang ◽  
Yan Zhang ◽  
Liqiao Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Magnesium Hydroxide ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Polymer Dispersant ◽  
Short Nanorods ◽  
Reverse Precipitation

Magnesium hydroxide nanoneedles and nanorods were synthesized by reverse precipitation in the presence of polyethylene glycol (MW 1000) at ambient temperature. The obtained magnesium hydroxide crystals were characterized in terms of morphology, particle size, crystal structure, and thermal stability by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis. The experimental results show that the growth of magnesium hydroxide crystals and the dispersivity of the nanostructures were greatly influenced by polymer dispersant. The mechanism of the formation of magnesium hydroxide nanorods and nanoneedles was also proposed.

Preparation and Photocatalysis of Nano-Zn/Ce Composite Oxides

2014 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 657 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiuping Li ◽  
Yuchun Zhai ◽  
Peihua Ma ◽  
Rongxiang Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Differential Thermal Analysis ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Diffraction Field ◽  
Infrared Spectrometry ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron

Metal oxide photocatalysts often lead to partial or complete mineralization of organic pollutants. On irradiation with UV-visible light, metal oxides catalyze redox reactions in the presence of air and O2 and water. Using ascorbic acid as a new combustion agent, ZnO was rapidly synthesized. Nano-Zn/CeO2 composites were prepared by a heterogeneous-precipitation method using (NH4)2CO3 as precipitation agent. X-ray diffraction, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectrometry, ultraviolet spectrophotometry, and differential thermal analysis were used to analyse the microstructures of the synthesized materials. Differential thermal analysis, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction analyses indicated that ZnO was coated by CeO2. Herein, a nano-Zn/Ce composite was explored as a catalyst for Rhodamine B photodegradation with a 125-W lamp as the UV radiation source in a batch reactor. The results show the photocatalytic properties of the nano-Zn/Ce composite were superior to ZnO, CeO2, and nano-Ce/Zn composites.

scholarly journals Microstructure and Properties of a Novel Al-Mg-Si Alloy AA 6086

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 368
Author(s):  
Franc Zupanič ◽  
Matej Steinacher ◽  
Sandi Žist ◽  
Tonica Bončina
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Tensile Testing ◽  
Energy Dispersive Spectrometry ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Cast Condition

In this work, we investigated a novel Al-Mg-Si alloy, which was developed from an AA 6082, in order to considerably improve the yield and tensile strengths whilst retain excellent ductility. The new alloy possesses a higher content of Si than specified by AA 6082, and, in addition, it contains copper and zirconium. The alloy was characterized in the as-cast condition, after homogenization, extrusion, and T6 heat treatment using light microscopy, scanning and transmission electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectrometry, X-ray diffraction, differential thermal analysis and tensile testing. After T6 temper, tensile strengths were around 490 MPa with more than 10% elongation at fracture. The microstructure consisted of small-grained Al-rich matrix with α-AlMnSi and Al3Zr dispersoids, and Q′-AlCuMgSi and β-Mg2Si-type precipitates.

A Single-Step Synthesis of Rutile TiO2 Dendrite Crystal with Sonication

2011 ◽  
Vol 356-360 ◽  
pp. 399-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xi Kui Wang ◽  
Wei Lin Guo ◽  
Chen Wang
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Single Step ◽  
Sonochemical Method ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Crystallite Sizes ◽  
Crystalline Forms ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

A single-step sonochemical method to directly prepare rutile nanocrystal TiO2 has been developed. TiO2 nanaoparticles were synthesized by the hydrolysis of TiCl4 in the presence of water and ethanol under ultrasonic irradiationat 70 °C for 3 h. The crystalline forms and crystallite sizes of the produts were characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and thermogravimetry-differential thermal analysis. The TEM images showed the morphology of as-prapared TiO2 was pinnate in shape and the average sizes were ca. 4/12 nm (W/L). The columnar particles were linked together each other at the certain principle, forming the shape like dendrite crystal. The formation mechanism of the dendrite crystal nanocrystalline TiO2 was also discussed.

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