Hydrothermal Field Experiment Simulating Steel Canister Embedded in Expansive Clay - Physical Behavior of the Clay

1991 ◽  
Vol 257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roland Pusch ◽  
Ola Karnland ◽  
Alain Lajudie ◽  
Rosemarie Atabek
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Mineral Composition ◽  
Water Saturation ◽  
Expansive Clay ◽  
Physical Behavior ◽  
Gas Formation ◽  
Aluminum Compounds ◽  
Short Test ◽  
High Degree

ABSTRACTField heat experiments with kaolinite/smectite clay surrounding heaters in boreholes were conducted for 0.7 and 4 years with temperatures up to 170-180°C. The short test gave a high degree of water saturation even in the hottest part (> 75 %) and almost no change in physical properties and mineral composition. The long test gave a dry inner zone of claystone, indicating gas formation, and rich precipitation of silica/aluminum compounds and sulphate minerals. Brittleness characterized the hot parts and stiffening occurred also in the colder parts due to precipitation of silica and aluminum.

MEEHANITE HR

Alloy Digest ◽  
1958 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
High Rigidity ◽  
High Degree

Abstract MEEHANITE HR is a strong and dense heat resisting material of high rigidity. It is recommended for use up to a temperature of 1450 F. This type of Meehanite metal offers a high degree of resistance to growth and scaling. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, tensile properties, and compressive and shear strength as well as creep. It also includes information on casting, heat treating, and machining. Filing Code: CI-21. Producer or source: Meehanite Metal Corporation.

REMANIT 4509

Alloy Digest ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 44 (9) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Exhaust System ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Gas Purification ◽  
Temperature Performance ◽  
Scale Resistance ◽  
High Degree

Abstract REMANIT 4509 was developed specially for silencers and exhaust gas purification plants. Due to its composition, this steel exhibits scale resistance up to 950 C and a high degree of corrosion resistance to the gases occurring in the exhaust system. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, elasticity, and tensile properties. It also includes information on high temperature performance and corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, and joining. Filing Code: SS-613. Producer or source: Thyssen Stahl AG.

PYROTOUGH 78

Alloy Digest ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 42 (12) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Good Combination ◽  
Die Steel ◽  
Hot Work Die ◽  
Microstructural Integrity ◽  
High Degree

Abstract PYROTOUGH 78 is a hot work die steel possessing a high degree of purity, homogeneity and microstructural integrity that produces a good combination of toughness and temper resistance. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, and tensile properties as well as fracture toughness. It also includes information on heat treating and machining. Filing Code: TS-522. Producer or source: Carpenter.

Spatial Variability of Contaminant Transport in a Fractured Till, Avedøre Denmark

1999 ◽  
Vol 30 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 333-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larry McKay ◽  
Johnny Fredericia ◽  
Melissa Lenczewski ◽  
Jørn Morthorst ◽  
Knud Erik S. Klint
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Contaminant Transport ◽  
Tracer Test ◽  
Conductivity Measurements ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Downward Migration ◽  
Rapid Transport ◽  
High Degree

A field experiment shows that rapid downward migration of solutes and microorganisms can occur in a fractured till. A solute tracer, chloride, and a bacteriophage tracer, PRD-1, were added to groundwater and allowed to infiltrate downwards over a 4 × 4 m area. Chloride was detected in horizontal filters at 2.0 m depth within 3-40 days of the start of the tracer test, and PRD-1 was detected in the same filters within 0.27 - 27 days. At 2.8 m depth chloride appeared in all the filters, but PRD-1 appeared in only about one-third of the filters. At 4.0 m depth chloride appeared in about one-third of the filters and trace amounts of PRD-1 were detected in only 2 of the 36 filters. Transport rates and peak tracer concentrations decreased with depth, but at each depth there was a high degree of variability. The transport data is generally consistent with expectations based on hydraulic conductivity measurements and on the observed density of fractures and biopores, both of which decrease with depth. Transport of chloride was apparently retarded by diffusion into the fine-grained matrix between fractures, but the rapid transport of PRD-1, with little dispersion, indicates that it was transported mainly through the fractures.

Improvement of Properties of the Argillaceous Soils when Using Additives "Chimston" in Combination with Inorganic Astringent

2019 ◽  
Vol 945 ◽  
pp. 136-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Ivanovna Trautvain ◽  
Andrey Akimov ◽  
E. Yakovlev
Keyword(s):  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Mechanical Characteristics ◽  
Soil Stabilization ◽  
Water Saturation ◽  
Water Repellent ◽  
Chemical Additives ◽  
Key Characteristics ◽  
Stabilized Soil ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Production Company

Paper observes research of the mechanical characteristics of the stabilized soil with different «Chimston» additives. Current work focuses on the application of the «Chimston-1» and «Chimston-2» produced by Zipo research and production company. Stabilized soil is based on local soils: argillaceous sand ground and sand clay. Chemical additives are mixed with water according to the manufacture’s recommendations. Amount of the «Chimston-1» is 0.07% of the soil. Amount of the «Chimston-2» is 0.01% of the cement. During the research plasticize effect is studied, based on maximum density and optimal humidity. Water saturation, mechanical strength under tension in bending and compression. It is established, application of the "Chimson" additives allow to increase key characteristics of the stabilized soil without increasing of the cement. «Chimston-1» additive has strongly pronounced plasticize effect which allow to increase soil compaction and decrease optimal humidity. Additive "Chimston-2" is a water repellent with a high degree of efficiency with soil stabilization.

Physical properties of soddy-podzolic soils in a long-term field experiment

2009 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 194-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. V. Shein ◽  
T. Sakunkonchak ◽  
E. Yu. Milanovskii ◽  
D. D. Khaidapova ◽  
M. A. Mazirov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Podzolic Soils ◽  
Term Field

IV. The Micellar Theory of the Structure of Rubber

1942 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 446-451
Author(s):  
G. Gee
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Infinite Dilution ◽  
Mechanical Deformation ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Pressure Measurements ◽  
Physical Behavior ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Micelle Size ◽  
Weight Data

Abstract The molecular weight data reported in Part II depend on the assumption that the values obtained by extrapolating osmotic pressure measurements to infinite dilution represent true molecular weights. This point of view has been strongly criticized, particularly by Pummerer and his coworkers, according to whom rubber normally exists in solution in the form of micelles comprising more or less well-defined aggregates containing a considerable number of chemical molecules. The- osmotic “molecular weight” is then regarded as the weight of an average micelle. If they exist, these micelles may be important in determining both the chemical and physical behavior of rubber, for we should clearly expect the bonds by which the chemical molecules are bound into micelles to be weaker than those within the molecules. It may be noted that it has been shown elsewhere that the physical properties of a series of rubber fractions are closely related to their osmotic and viscosity molecular weights. Since, according to the micellar theory, these fractions can differ only in micelle size, their mechanical behavior must, from this viewpoint, be determined by the size of the micelles, which must therefore remain intact during mechanical deformation of the rubber. It is the object of the present paper to examine in more detail the basis of the micellar theory, and especially to offer an interpretation of the results of the East method, on which Pummerer's arguments are mainly based.

Test Study on the Multi-Pulse Loading Fracturing Technology for Development of Shallow CBM

2011 ◽  
Vol 361-363 ◽  
pp. 212-216
Author(s):  
Jin Jun Wu ◽  
Xiao San Chu ◽  
Li Cai Liu ◽  
Guo Hua Zhao
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Water Saturation ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Pulse Loading ◽  
Coal Bed ◽  
Pore Connectivity ◽  
Gas Formation ◽  
Test Study ◽  
Test Application ◽  
Strong Adsorption

In China, the coal gas formation is characterized as low permeability, low pressure and low water saturation. The coal bed methane (CBM) has strong adsorption and is difficult to develop. Hydraulic fracture is currently the main measure to improve its permeability, drain the liquid and lower the pressure, which promotes desorption of CBM. But it is not efficient. Based on the principle of high energy gas fracturing (HEGF) and the study of new methods, we proposed the test application of the multi-pulse loading fracturing technology for development of shallow CBM. The mechanism of the technology is that it generates high-temperature and high-pressure gas in the target coal bed to produce a long multi-fracture system with effects of multi-pulse loading. It can also produce strong impulse oscillation acting on formation matrix to loose formation pressure, improve the pore connectivity and permeability of coal bed, which promotes pressure drawdown and desorption of CBM. Thus, the goal of increasing the yield of CBM wells is achieved. This paper focuses on the research ideas, mechanism, process design and feasibility. We carried out analysis combined with field test applications. The study provides a new direction to explore new technologies for China’s CBM development.

Research on Coarse-Grained Soil Collapsibility in Gobi Region

2012 ◽  
Vol 446-449 ◽  
pp. 1450-1453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi Hong Nie ◽  
Kun Li ◽  
Jian Xia
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mineral Composition ◽  
Load Test ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Soil Test ◽  
Internal Reasons ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Coarse Grained Soil

This paper has carried out soaking load test, routine soil test, X diffraction, scanning electron microscopy on coarse-grained soil in Gobi region, analyzed the coarse-grained soil collapsibility and explored the mechanism of collapsibility generation. The results showed that: the coarse-grained soil in Gobi region had a high degree of collapsibility; mineral composition, microstructure and salinity constituted the main internal reasons resulting in such phenomenon. In soaking conditions, the cementation strengthen between grains reduces, the structure is damaged under external force and the grain movement leads to greater settlement.

The Physical Properties of a Hyaluronic Acid Based Bioresorbable Membrane for the Prevention of postsurgical Adhesions

1992 ◽  
Vol 292 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Greenawalt ◽  
L. Masi ◽  
C. Muir ◽  
J. Burns
Keyword(s):  
Hyaluronic Acid ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Adhesion Formation ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Bioresorbable Membrane ◽  
Surgical Adhesions ◽  
Thin Membranes ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Sufficient Strength

AbstractWe have evaluated the physical properties and animal efficacy of a hyaluronic acid (HA) based bioresorbable membrane for the prevention of post-surgical adhesions. Test methods were developed to measure the dry and wet tensile properties and ia Xilm tissue adhesiveness of the membranes. The thin membranes were found to have sufficient strength and flexibility in the dry state for surgical handling. When hydrated in buffered saline, the membranes became weaker and more elastic. The membranes exhibited a high degree of tissue adhesiveness and significantly reduced adhesion formation in a rat cecal abrasion model.

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