Multiply Scattered and Diffusing Ultrasound: Applications, Experiments, Theory

1991 ◽  
Vol 253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard L Weaver
Keyword(s):  
Anderson Localization ◽  
Random Media ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Ultrasonic Waves ◽  
Sound Waves ◽  
Material Microstructure ◽  
Coherent Wave ◽  
Classical Waves ◽  
Ultrasound Applications

ABSTRACTThe study of ultrasonic waves in random media in a strong multiple scattering limit is becoming increasingly relevant to applied techniques of nondestructive characterization of material microstructures. This paper reviews the state of that art within the context of engineering applications and also reviews the evidence for the Anderson Localization of ultrasound.While ultrasound has long been employed as a nondestructive probe of material microstructure, it has usually been the rapidly attenuated coherent wave, and in particular, its speed and attenuation, which has been scrutinized for that purpose. The theory of such waves is discussed here. However, recent experiments and theory are increasingly addressing the diffuse speckle wave field. This small but growing body of work is also reviewed.While there has been much work recently on optical and microwave realizations for the study of the Anderson localization of classical waves, there has been little such investigation with sound waves. Recent work demonstrating the Anderson Localization of Ultrasound in two dimensions may be the first such for any classical waves in dimension greater than one.

Physical Ultrasonics of Composites

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dale Chimenti ◽  
Stanislav Rokhlin ◽  
Peter Nagy
Keyword(s):  
Composite Laminates ◽  
Stiffness Matrix ◽  
Composite Plates ◽  
Anisotropic Media ◽  
Anisotropic Materials ◽  
Ultrasonic Waves ◽  
Laminated Plates ◽  
Structure Characteristic ◽  
Major Advance

Physical Ultrasonics of Composites is a rigorous introduction to the characterization of composite materials by means of ultrasonic waves. Composites are treated here not simply as uniform media, but as inhomogeneous layered anisotropic media with internal structure characteristic of composite laminates. The objective here is to concentrate on exposing the singular behavior of ultrasonic waves as they interact with layered, anisotropic materials, materials which incorporate those structural elements typical of composite laminates. This book provides a synergistic description of both modeling and experimental methods in addressing wave propagation phenomena and composite property measurements. After a brief review of basic composite mechanics, a thorough treatment of ultrasonics in anisotropic media is presented, along with composite characterization methods. The interaction of ultrasonic waves at interfaces of anisotropic materials is discussed, as are guided waves in composite plates and rods. Waves in layered media are developed from the standpoint of the "Stiffness Matrix", a major advance over the conventional, potentially unstable Transfer Matrix approach. Laminated plates are treated both with the stiffness matrix and using Floquet analysis. The important influence on the received electronic signals in ultrasonic materials characterization from transducer geometry and placement are carefully exposed in a dedicated chapter. Ultrasonic wave interactions are especially susceptible to such influences because ultrasonic transducers are seldom more than a dozen or so wavelengths in diameter. The book ends with a chapter devoted to the emerging field of air-coupled ultrasonics. This new technology has come of age with the development of purpose-built transducers and electronics and is finding ever wider applications, particularly in the characterization of composite laminates.

scholarly journals Anomalous Anderson localization behavior in gain-loss balanced non-Hermitian systems

Nanophotonics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 443-452
Author(s):  
Tianshu Jiang ◽  
Anan Fang ◽  
Zhao-Qing Zhang ◽  
Che Ting Chan
Keyword(s):  
Wave Propagation ◽  
Electromagnetic Waves ◽  
Anderson Localization ◽  
Random Media ◽  
Normal Incidence ◽  
Disordered Media ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Gain Loss ◽  
The Waves ◽  
Localization Behavior

AbstractIt has been shown recently that the backscattering of wave propagation in one-dimensional disordered media can be entirely suppressed for normal incidence by adding sample-specific gain and loss components to the medium. Here, we study the Anderson localization behaviors of electromagnetic waves in such gain-loss balanced random non-Hermitian systems when the waves are obliquely incident on the random media. We also study the case of normal incidence when the sample-specific gain-loss profile is slightly altered so that the Anderson localization occurs. Our results show that the Anderson localization in the non-Hermitian system behaves differently from random Hermitian systems in which the backscattering is suppressed.

Characterization of heat transfer and friction loss of water turbulent flow in a narrow rectangular duct under 25–40 kHz ultrasonic waves

Ultrasonics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 114 ◽  
pp. 106366
Author(s):  
Korpong Viriyananon ◽  
Jirachai Mingbunjerdsuk ◽  
Teerapat Thungthong ◽  
Weerachai Chaiworapuek
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Turbulent Flow ◽  
Ultrasonic Waves ◽  
Friction Loss ◽  
Rectangular Duct

Existence of Anderson Localization of Classical Waves in a Random Two-Component Medium

1989 ◽  
Vol 62 (13) ◽  
pp. 1577-1577
Author(s):  
C. M. Soukoulis ◽  
E. N. Economou ◽  
G. S. Grest ◽  
M. H. Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Anderson Localization ◽  
Two Component ◽  
Classical Waves

PERFORMANCE LIMITS OF SIMULATION MODELS FOR NOISE CHARACTERIZATION OF MM WAVE DEVICES

2007 ◽  
Vol 07 (03) ◽  
pp. L299-L312
Author(s):  
ALI ABOU-ELNOUR
Keyword(s):  
Boltzmann Transport Equation ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Boltzmann Transport ◽  
Performance Limits ◽  
Drift Diffusion ◽  
Model Equations ◽  
Accuracy Of Results ◽  
Noise Characterization

Based on Boltzmann transport equation, the drift-diffusion, hydrodynamic, and Monte-Carlo physical simulators are accurately developed. For each simulator, the model equations are self-consistently solved with Poisson equation, and with Schrödinger equation when quantization effects take place, in one and two-dimensions to characterize the operation and optimize the structure of mm-wave devices. The effects of the device dimensions, biasing conditions, and operating frequencies on the accuracy of results obtained from the simulators are thoroughly investigated. Based on physical understanding of the models, the simulation results are analyzed to fully determine the limits at which a certain device simulator can be accurately and efficiently used to characterize the noise behavior of mm-wave devices.

The Elastic Characterization of Composite Based on Ultrasonic Waves

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. H. Park ◽  
J. Dana
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
Fatigue Failure ◽  
Elastic Constants ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Transversely Isotropic ◽  
Ultrasonic Waves ◽  
Material Strength ◽  
Isotropic Composite

Abstract Anisotropic composite materials have been extensively utilized in mechanical, automotive, aerospace and other engineering areas due to high strength-to-weight ratio, superb corrosion resistance, and exceptional thermal performance. As the use of composite materials increases, determination of material properties, mechanical analysis and failure of the structure become important for the design of composite structure. In particular, the fatigue failure is important to ensure that structures can survive in harsh environmental conditions. Despite technical advances, fatigue failure and the monitoring and prediction of component life remain major problems. In general, cyclic loadings cause the accumulation of micro-damage in the structure and material properties degrade as the number of loading cycles increases. Repeated subfailure loading cycles cause eventual fatigue failure as the material strength and stiffness fall below the applied stress level. Hence, the stiffness degradation measurement can be a good indication for damage evaluation. The elastic characterization of composite material using mechanical testing, however, is complex, destructive, and not all the elastic constants can be determined. In this work, an in-situ method to non-destructively determine the elastic constants will be studied based on the time of flight measurement of ultrasonic waves. This method will be validated on an isotropic metal sheet and a transversely isotropic composite plate.

scholarly journals CHARACTERIZATION OF ULTRASONIC ASSISTED ADHESIVE JOINTS

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 52-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rainer Pauska ◽  
Umut Cakmak ◽  
Rainer Lottes ◽  
Zoltan Major
Keyword(s):  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
Adhesive Joints ◽  
Ultrasonic Waves ◽  
Load Carrying Capacity ◽  
Lap Joint ◽  
Shear Tests ◽  
Load Carrying ◽  
Ultrasonic Assisted ◽  
Joint Shear

Joining experiments using different adhesives were carried out. In addition to the adhesive, the specimens were also treated with ultrasonic waves to improve the load carrying capacity of the joined parts. Lap joint shear tests have been conducted to quantify this improvement.

DIFFRACTIVE REFLECTION AND SCATTERING OF ULTRASONIC WAVES. THEIR INFLUENCE ON TORSION-PENDULUM MEASUREMENTS OF SOUND INTENSITY

1930 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 491-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Boyle ◽  
J. F. Lehmann
Keyword(s):  
Wave Train ◽  
Sound Intensity ◽  
Ultrasonic Waves ◽  
Special Importance ◽  
Torsion Pendulum ◽  
Sound Waves ◽  
Diffractive Scattering ◽  
Light Waves ◽  
Small Obstacle ◽  
Diffractive Reflection

Light waves are too short and ordinary sound waves generally too long to permit experimental work on diffraction and scattering by a single small obstacle. An opportunity for such work however is presented in the case of ultrasonic waves.This paper describes an experimental investigation on the factors which determine the diffractive reflection and scattering of an ultrasonic wave train by plane circular opaque discs, and discusses the results. These are of special importance in the measurement of sound energy intensity by the torsion-pendulum method, for such measurements should always be corrected to allow for the effect of diffractive scattering of the energy by the measuring-pendulum vane. The correction factor will depend on the size and form of the pendula vanes employed and for circular vanes can be obtained directly from such curves as are shown in this paper as results of the investigation.

Characterization of the wax precipitation in Iranian crude oil based on wax appearance temperature (WAT): The influence of ultrasonic waves

2020 ◽  
Vol 1202 ◽  
pp. 127239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaber Taheri-Shakib ◽  
Ali Shekarifard ◽  
Ezatallah Kazemzadeh ◽  
Hassan Naderi ◽  
Mahyar Rajabi-Kochi
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Ultrasonic Waves ◽  
Wax Precipitation ◽  
Wax Appearance Temperature
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