Real Time Probes of Dye Doped Polymer Systems

1991 ◽  
Vol 228 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. Halpern ◽  
P. Amuzu-Williams ◽  
L. House ◽  
L. A. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Photonic Devices ◽  
The Other ◽  
Polymer Systems ◽  
Nlo Properties ◽  
Nlo Materials ◽  
Corona Poling ◽  
Number Of Publications ◽  
Doped Polymer

Recently, advanced photonic devices have been fabricated in the laboratory and are becoming commercially available. Thus, there is considerable interest in inexpensive but efficient non-linear optical (NLO) materials that are simple to make and work with. In the last three years a large number of publications and patents have appeared describing NLO properties of organic materials, usually dyes, incorporated into or synthetically attached to polymers [1]. Such materials must be oriented before they have second-order NLO activity. Two methods have been used. In one, contact poling [2–5], two electrodes are formed on or in the material and an electric field is placed between them. In the other, corona poling, a discharge deposits charge on the polymer, which creates a strong orienting field [6–8]. One could generalize that contact poling is (more) difficult to do, but the results are easy to understand, while corona poling is simple to do, but the results are (more) difficult to understand. This paper describes a set of corona poling experiments.

Cr(VI) and Fe(III) doped polymer systems as real-time holographic recording materials

1992 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gurusamy Manivannan ◽  
Rupak Changkakoti ◽  
Roger A. Lessard
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Holographic Recording ◽  
Polymer Systems ◽  
Doped Polymer

Zero electric field activation energy in molecularly doped polymer systems

1995 ◽  
Vol 205 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simón J. Santos-Lémus ◽  
Vyacheslav M. Yartsev
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Polymer Systems ◽  
Doped Polymer

Metal-ion-doped polymer systems for real-time holographic recording

1991 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger A. Lessard ◽  
Rupak Changkakoti ◽  
Gurusamy Manivannan
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Holographic Recording ◽  
Polymer Systems ◽  
Doped Polymer

scholarly journals Universal Stokes’s nanomechanical viscometer

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Komal Chaudhary ◽  
Pooja Munjal ◽  
Kamal P. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Sample Volume ◽  
Capillary Waves ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Medical Applications ◽  
Rapid Measurement ◽  
Single Lens ◽  
Universal Applicability ◽  
Small Sample Volume

AbstractAlthough, many conventional approaches have been used to measure viscosity of fluids, most methods do not allow non-contact, rapid measurements on small sample volume and have universal applicability to all fluids. Here, we demonstrate a simple yet universal viscometer, as proposed by Stokes more than a century ago, exploiting damping of capillary waves generated electrically and probed optically with sub-nanoscale precision. Using a low electric field local actuation of fluids we generate quasi-monochromatic propagating capillary waves and employ a pair of single-lens based compact interferometers to measure attenuation of capillary waves in real-time. Our setup allows rapid measurement of viscosity of a wide variety of polar, non-polar, transparent, opaque, thin or thick fluids having viscosity values varying over four orders of magnitude from $$10^{0}{-}10^{4}~\text{mPa} \, \text{s}$$ 10 0 - 10 4 mPa s . Furthermore, we discuss two additional damping mechanisms for nanomechanical capillary waves caused by bottom friction and top nano-layer appearing in micro-litre droplets. Such self-stabilized droplets when coupled with precision interferometers form interesting microscopic platform for picomechanical optofluidics for fundamental, industrial and medical applications.

scholarly journals Digital Twin: Origin to Future

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
Maulshree Singh ◽  
Evert Fuenmayor ◽  
Eoin Hinchy ◽  
Yuansong Qiao ◽  
Niall Murray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Remote Access ◽  
Physical Entity ◽  
Industrial Systems ◽  
Digital Twin ◽  
Planning Optimization ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Number Of Publications ◽  
Digital Shadow

Digital Twin (DT) refers to the virtual copy or model of any physical entity (physical twin) both of which are interconnected via exchange of data in real time. Conceptually, a DT mimics the state of its physical twin in real time and vice versa. Application of DT includes real-time monitoring, designing/planning, optimization, maintenance, remote access, etc. Its implementation is expected to grow exponentially in the coming decades. The advent of Industry 4.0 has brought complex industrial systems that are more autonomous, smart, and highly interconnected. These systems generate considerable amounts of data useful for several applications such as improving performance, predictive maintenance, training, etc. A sudden influx in the number of publications related to ‘Digital Twin’ has led to confusion between different terminologies related to the digitalization of industries. Another problem that has arisen due to the growing popularity of DT is a lack of consensus on the description of DT as well as so many different types of DT, which adds to the confusion. This paper intends to consolidate the different types of DT and different definitions of DT throughout the literature for easy identification of DT from the rest of the complimentary terms such as ‘product avatar’, ‘digital thread’, ‘digital model’, and ‘digital shadow’. The paper looks at the concept of DT since its inception to its predicted future to realize the value it can bring to certain sectors. Understanding the characteristics and types of DT while weighing its pros and cons is essential for any researcher, business, or sector before investing in the technology.

scholarly journals COVID-19: systematic learning across boundaries requires a conceptual agreement

2021 ◽  
pp. 140349482110270
Author(s):  
Knut Ole Sundnes ◽  
Geir Sverre Braut
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Knowledge Base ◽  
External Validity ◽  
Evaluation Research ◽  
The Other ◽  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
Early Publication ◽  
Number Of Publications ◽  
Short Time

The COVID-19 epidemic has revealed a shortage of basic knowledge and understanding of pandemics, especially regarding their dynamics and how to contain them. The results are a host of governments’ decrees and instructions, one replacing the other, often within the same week. It has further, in a truly short time, resulted in an overwhelming number of publications, many of them prioritising early publication over quality. This commentary addresses the concept of structured research related to disasters and how the use of endorsed guidelines will facilitate well-designed evaluation research with improved rigour and external validity, even if applied retrospectively. The outcome should be a solidified knowledge base. Further, the important role of public health efforts is to be highlighted, as their role has proved crucial during the COVID-19 pandemic.

scholarly journals Evaluating Latency in Multiprocessing Embedded Systems for the Smart Grid

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 3322
Author(s):  
Sara Alonso ◽  
Jesús Lázaro ◽  
Jaime Jiménez ◽  
Unai Bidarte ◽  
Leire Muguira
Keyword(s):  
Operating System ◽  
Smart Grid ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Processing System ◽  
The Other ◽  
Programmable Logic ◽  
Detailed Characterization ◽  
Timing Constraint ◽  
Time Part

Smart grid endpoints need to use two environments within a processing system (PS), one with a Linux-type operating system (OS) using the Arm Cortex-A53 cores for management tasks, and the other with a standalone execution or a real-time OS using the Arm Cortex-R5 cores. The Xen hypervisor and the OpenAMP framework allow this, but they may introduce a delay in the system, and some messages in the smart grid need a latency lower than 3 ms. In this paper, the Linux thread latencies are characterized by the Cyclictest tool. It is shown that when Xen hypervisor is used, this scenario is not suitable for the smart grid as it does not meet the 3 ms timing constraint. Then, standalone execution as the real-time part is evaluated, measuring the delay to handle an interrupt created in programmable logic (PL). The standalone application was run in A53 and R5 cores, with Xen hypervisor and OpenAMP framework. These scenarios all met the 3 ms constraint. The main contribution of the present work is the detailed characterization of each real-time execution, in order to facilitate selecting the most suitable one for each application.

Colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals: synthesis, optical nonlinearity, and related device applications

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Li ◽  
Cong Wang ◽  
Lude Wang ◽  
Han Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Nonlinear Optical ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Semiconductor Nanocrystals ◽  
Optical Nonlinearity ◽  
Photonic Devices ◽  
Nlo Properties ◽  
Novel Materials ◽  
Colloidal Semiconductor Nanocrystals ◽  
Device Applications ◽  
Colloidal Semiconductor

The rapid development of photonic devices requires the exploration of novel materials with superior nonlinear optical (NLO) properties. Colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals (NCs) exhibit size-tunable exciton resonances and excellent NLO properties....

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