Investigation of Carbon Vapor Pressure at Very High Temperatures and Pressures with the Aid of Laser Heating

1983 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. Scheindlin
Keyword(s):  
Vapor Pressure ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Laser Heating ◽  
Experimental Techniques ◽  
Carbonaceous Materials ◽  
Carbon Vapor ◽  
History Of ◽  
Polymorphous Modifications ◽  
Very High

For several decades the behavior of carbon and carbonaceous materials has been observed with unvarying interest. Well known are two polymorphous modifications of carbon, namely, graphite and diamond, each possessing unique physicochemical properties which make them attractive for extensive utilization in numerous industries.The history of carbon studies at high temperatures and pressures produced quite a few examples of ingenious experimental techniques and experimenter's skill, however, many of those studies only resulted in the emergence of new, hard-to-solve problems. This is precisely the case with the melting and vaporization of graphite.

scholarly journals I. Notes of researches on the poly-ammonias.— No. XXII. Secondary products formed in the manufacture of aniline

1863 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 389-394 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sulphuric Acid ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Royal Society ◽  
Short Paper ◽  
Secondary Products ◽  
Basic Compounds ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Soluble Sulphate ◽  
Very High

In a short paper submitted to the Royal Society some weeks ago, I have recorded some experiments on the basic compounds distilling at very high temperatures, which are formed as secondary products in the manufacture of aniline, and which are known in the ateliers of MM. Collin and Coblenz as queues d'aniline I have mentioned that the bases which distil above 330°, when treated with dilute sulphuric acid, furnish a soluble sulphate, the sulphate of paraniline, the history of which I have already traced, and a sulphate remarkable for its insolubility in water. It is this insoluble sulphate, and the base from which it is derived, that form the subject of the following notice.

Beyond Ni-based superalloys: Development of CoRe-based alloys for gas turbine applications at very high temperatures

2011 ◽  
Vol 102 (9) ◽  
pp. 1125-1132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debashis Mukherji ◽  
Joachim Rösler ◽  
Pavel Strunz ◽  
Ralph Gilles ◽  
Gerhard Schumacher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Very High

Introduction: Seventy Years of Calorimetry

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Wigmans
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Experimental Techniques ◽  
Gamma Ray Detectors ◽  
History Of

The history of calorimetry is described, starting with the small scintillating crystals that were used as nuclear gamma ray detectors, to the multi-ton instruments that form the heart of modern experiments at colliding-beam accelerators. The different experimental techniques that are used for generating signals are reviewed.

scholarly journals Antihypertensive Efficacy of Fixed Combination of Amlodipine and Ramipril in Patients with Arterial Hypertension and Very High Cardiovascular Risk

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 840-845
Author(s):  
O. Yu. Korennova ◽  
S. P. Podolnaya ◽  
E. P. Prihodko ◽  
E. A. Turusheva ◽  
S. N. Starinskaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Fixed Combination ◽  
Antihypertensive Drugs ◽  
Antihypertensive Efficacy ◽  
High Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Coronary Artery Stenting ◽  
History Of ◽  
Very High

Aim. To evaluate the antihypertensive efficacy and tolerability of a fixed combination of amlodipine and ramipril in hypertensive patients with very high cardiovascular risk. Material and methods. A retrospective cohort study of real clinical practice of prescribing antihypertensive drugs according to 255 medical records of outpatient hypertensive patients with a history of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and coronary artery stenting was performed in the first part. An open observational study was performed in the second part. 69 people older than 18 years with a history of ACS and coronary artery stenting, without reaching the target blood pressure (BP) level while using free combinations of antihypertensive drugs and with indications for a fixed combination of ramipril and amlodipine were included into the study. Analysis of self-monitoring of BP, office BP, daily BP monitoring (ABPM) and patients’ adherence to treatment (Morisky-Green test) initially, after 4 and after 12 weeks of taking the fixed combination of ramipril and amlodipine was performed to assess the clinical efficacy of the studied drug. Results. It was found that 42.0% of patients did not follow the recommendations for regular intake of antihypertensive drugs. So, hypertension of all patients regarded as false-refractory, which was the basis for the prescription of the fixed combination of ramipril and amlodipine in accordance with clinical guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of hypertension. After 4 weeks of therapy, there was significant decrease in office BP with the achievement and preservation of the target level by the 12th week, normalization to the 12th week of day and night BP variability in 54.9% of patients. 78.0% of patients followed medical recommendations for regular administration of antihypertensive drugs, none of the patients had adverse events. Conclusion. The use of fixed combinations of drugs, in particular, amlodipine and ramipril as a part of multicomponent therapy in hypertensive patients with very high cardiovascular risk, led to the achievement of target BP by the 4th week of therapy and stable preservation of antihypertensive effect in 12 weeks of treatment as well as gradual normalization of day and night BP variability in more than half of patients. Fixed combination of ramipril and amlodipine allowed to improve adherence of patients to cardiovascular diseases.

scholarly journals AB0420 RISK OF DEVELOPING TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS IN PATIENTS WITH SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 1510.2-1510
Author(s):  
L. Kondrateva ◽  
T. Popkova ◽  
E. Nasonov ◽  
A. Lila
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Antihypertensive Drugs ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Systemic Lupus ◽  
Type 2 Dm ◽  
History Of ◽  
Systemic Rheumatic Diseases ◽  
Very High

Background:Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) have higher than in general population prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM). Hyperinsulinemia is a predictor of developing type 2 DM, however routine measurement of insulin levels for DM risk assessment is uncomfortable in daily clinical practice. International Diabetes Federation recommends the use of patient questionnaires to quickly identify people who may be at a higher risk of DM development.Objectives:To determine the 10-years risk of developing type 2 DM in SLE patients using dedicated questionnaire - Finnish Type 2 Diabetes Risk Assessment Form (FINDRISK) data.Methods:The study included 92 SLE patients without DM (83 women, 9 men, 39 [34; 47] years old). The median disease duration was 6 [2,14] years, SLEDAI-2K was 4[2;8]. SLE pts were treated with glucocorticoids (GC) (89%) and hydroxychloroquine (78%), immunosuppressive drugs (28%) and biological agents (10%). The control group consisted of 88 subjects without systemic rheumatic diseases, inflammatory arthritis or DM, matched by age and sex with SLE patients. Eight items of FINDRISK questionnaire (age, overweight, abdominal obesity, family history of diabetes, physical inactivity, eating habits, history of antihypertensive drugs treatment, history of hyperglycemia) were taken into account to calculate the total risk score (TS). The risk of developing DM within following 10 years is regarded as low (1%) or slightly elevated (4%) with TS ≤11 points, as moderate (17%), high (33%) or very high (50%) with TS ≥12 points.Results:The risk of developing DM was low or slightly elevated in 65 (71%) SLE pts and moderate, high or very high in 27 (29%) pts. The difference was significant compared with the control group, in which 76 (86%) subjects had a low or slightly elevated risk and 12 (14%) had a moderate, high or very high risk (p=0,01). The number of risk factors (4[2;5]) and the median TS of SLE pts (9[5;12] points) were higher than values in control subjects (3[2,4] factors and 6[3;9] points, respectively) (p<0,01 for both). DM risk factors profiles were similar in two groups, except for higher prevalence of abdominal obesity (66% vs 41%, p<0,01) and history of antihypertensive drugs treatment (57% vs 17%, p<0,01) in SLE. There were positive correlations between TS and CRP levels (r=0,25, p=0,02), SLICC (r=0,36, p<0,01), HAQ (r=0,29, p<0,01), and negative correlations between TS and SLEDAI-2K (r= -0,32, p<0,01), glomerular filtration rate by CKD-EPI (r=-0,23, p=0,03). Current GC use had no influence on TS values in SLE.Conclusion:Patients with SLE were more likely than individuals without systemic rheumatic diseases to have a moderate, high and very high risk of developing DM, and therefore, required interventions to prevent the metabolic disease. Increased risk of developing DM was associated with most common traditional factors, especially by abdominal obesity and regular use of antihypertensive drugs that can be considered a kind of equivalent to the presence of hypertension. Curtain contribution of inflammation, lupus activity and irreversible damage index can’t be ignored. Clarification of SLE-specific phenomena in DM pathogenesis requires further research.Disclosure of Interests: :None declared

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