Detection of Free Liquid in Cement-Solidified Radioactive Waste Drums Using Computed Tomography

1990 ◽  
Vol 217 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.S. Steude ◽  
P.D. Tonner
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Radioactive Waste ◽  
Linear Accelerator ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
High Energy ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Glass Tubes ◽  
X Ray Computed ◽  
Ct System ◽  
Waste Drums

ABSTRACTAcceptance criteria for disposal of radioactive waste drums require that the cement-solidified material in the drum contain minimal free liquid after the cement has hardened. Free liquid is to be avoided because it may corrode the drum, escape and cause environmental contamination. The DOE has requested that a nondestructive evaluation method be developed to detect free liquid in quantities in excess of 0.5% by volume. This corresponds to about 1 liter in a standard 208 liter (55 gallon) drum. In this study, the detection of volumes of free liquid in a 57 cm (2′) diameter cement-solidified drum is demonstrated using high-energy X-ray computed tomography (CT). It is shown that liquid concentrations of simulated radioactive waste inside glass tubes imbedded in cement can easily be detected, even for tubes with inner diameters less than 2 mm (0.08″). Furthermore, it is demonstrated that tubes containing water and liquid concentrations of simulated radioactive waste can be distinguished from tubes of the same size containing air. The CT images were obtained at a rate of about 6 minutes per slice on a commercially available CT system using a 9 MeV linear accelerator source.

scholarly journals High Energy X-Ray Computed Tomography for Industrial Applications

2000 ◽  
Vol 20 (1Supplement) ◽  
pp. 361-364
Author(s):  
Shigeru IZUMI ◽  
Hiroshi KAMIMURA ◽  
Hiroshi KITAGUCHI ◽  
Eisaku MIZUFUNE
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Computed

High energy high resolution monochromatic x‐ray computed tomography using the Photon Factory vertical wiggler beamline

1992 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 615-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Nagata ◽  
H. Yamaji ◽  
K. Hayashi ◽  
K. Kawashima ◽  
K. Hyodo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
High Energy ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Photon Factory ◽  
X Ray Computed

Applications of Dual-Energy X-ray Computed Tomography to Structural Ceramics*

1988 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 629-640
Author(s):  
W. A. Ellingson ◽  
M. W. Vannier
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Mass Density ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
Structural Ceramics ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Computed ◽  
Engine Components

AbstractAdvanced structural ceramics (Si3N4, SiC, A12O3, ZrO2) are rapidly being developed with sufficient fracture toughness to be considered for engineering applications such as internal combustion engine components, rotating turbine engine components, and heat recovery systems. X-ray computed tomography (CT) is a promising nondestructive evaluation method for these ceramics, but beam hardening presents a serious problem in the interpretation of CT images generated with polychromatic X-ray sources by creating artifacts . Dual-energy X-ray techniques have the potential to eliminate these problems. In addition, in theory, dual energy allows generation of quasimonochromatic equivalent images, which should allow verification of theoretically determined optimum energies. In using dual-energy methods, the high-and low-energy images are nonlinearly transformed to generate two energy-independent images characterizing the integrated Compton/photoelectric attenuation components. Characteristic linear combinations of these two "basis" images can serve to identify unknown materials and generate synthesized monoenergetic images.The dual-energy method has been used to study structural ceramics as well as liquids that are close to ceramic materials in atomic number and mass density. The work was done on a Siemens DR-H CT machine with 85- and 125-kVp energy levels. Test samples included Si3N4 cylinders ranging from 10 to 50 mm in diameter, liquid Freon TF, and densified SiC.

scholarly journals Low-dose exposure energy-resolved X-ray computed tomography using a contrast agent with a high-energy K-edge

2013 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshiki Yamashita ◽  
Kazunari Shima ◽  
Ikuo Kanno ◽  
Masahiko Ohtaka ◽  
Makoto Hashimoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Contrast Agent ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
High Energy ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Computed ◽  
Exposure Energy

Response of silicon detector for high energy X-ray computed tomography

1994 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 999-1003 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Miyai ◽  
S. Kawasaki ◽  
H. Kitaguchi ◽  
S. Izumi
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Silicon Detector ◽  
High Energy ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Computed

scholarly journals Finding fossils in Malapa breccia – medical CT scanning or micro-CT scanning?

2017 ◽  
Vol 113 (11/12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqueline S. Smilg
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Lower Energy ◽  
Ct Scanning ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
High Energy ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Micro Ct ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Mechanical Preparation ◽  
X Ray Computed

Computed tomography (CT) imaging of fossils has revolutionised the field of palaeontology, allowing researchers to gain a better understanding of fossil anatomy, preservation and conservation. Micro focus X-ray computed tomography (μXCT) has been far more extensively used for these purposes than medical CT (XCT) – mostly because of the exquisite detail that the μXCT scanning modality, using slices of micron thicknesses, can produce. High energy X-rays can potentially penetrate breccia more effectively than lower energy beams. This study demonstrates that lower energy beams produce superior images for prioritising breccia for preparation. Additionally, XCT scanners are numerous, accessible, fast and relatively cost-effective when compared to μXCT scanners – the latter are not freely available, scanning times are much longer and there are significant limitations on the size and weight of scannable objects. Breccia blocks from Malapa were scanned at high and lower energy and images were analysed for image quality, artifact and certainty of diagnosis. Results show that lower energy images are deemed superior to higher energy images for this particular application. This finding, taken together with the limitations associated with the use of μXCT for the imaging of the large breccia from Malapa, shows that XCT is the better modality for this specific application. The ability to choose fossil-bearing breccia, ahead of manual mechanical preparation by laboratory technicians, would allow for the optimal use of limited resources, manual preparatory skills as well as the curtailment of costs.

51473 High energy, high resolution monochromatic x-ray computed tomography system

1994 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 104-105
Author(s):  
Y. Nagata ◽  
H. Yamaji ◽  
K. Hayashi ◽  
K. Kawahima ◽  
K. Hyodo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
High Energy ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Tomography System ◽  
X Ray Computed
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