Preparation of In Situ Magnetically Loaded Cellulose Fibers

1990 ◽  
Vol 197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serge Ricard ◽  
Robert H. Marchessault
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Floppy Disk ◽  
Information Storage ◽  
Oxidation Reactions ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Storage Security ◽  
New Concepts ◽  
Before And After

ABSTRACTMagnetic paper handsheets with pigment loadings in the order of 10–30%, depending on the experimental conditions, have been made using the established “lumen-loading” technology. These sheets have bulk magnetic properties comparable with the computer floppy-disk products. In order to minimize the particle size of pigments and thereby explore a new level of optical and magnetic properties, in situ synthesis of pigment particles is a second approach. This chemistry starts with a carboxymethylcellulose substrate with ion-exchange properties for Fe(ll). The substrates, before and after oxidation reactions to produce ferrite particles, are characterized by: conductimetric titration, x-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, and magnetization determination. Electron microscopy and diffraction provide insight on the ferrite morphologicals. These specialty fibers allow exploration of new concepts in papermaking, information storage, security printing and paper handling.

scholarly journals In Situ Coherent X-ray Diffraction during Three-Point Bending of a Au Nanowire: Visualization and Quantification

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anton Davydok ◽  
Thomas Cornelius ◽  
Zhe Ren ◽  
Cedric Leclere ◽  
Gilbert Chahine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Reciprocal Space ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Complex Deformation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Three Point Bending ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Au Nanowire ◽  
Before And After

The three-point bending behavior of a single Au nanowire deformed by an atomic force microscope was monitored by coherent X-ray diffraction using a sub-micrometer sized hard X-ray beam. Three-dimensional reciprocal-space maps were recorded before and after deformation by standard rocking curves and were measured by scanning the energy of the incident X-ray beam during deformation at different loading stages. The mechanical behavior of the nanowire was visualized in reciprocal space and a complex deformation mechanism is described. In addition to the expected bending of the nanowire, torsion was detected. Bending and torsion angles were quantified from the high-resolution diffraction data.

Synthesis of Ultra-Thin Superhydrophilic Titanium Oxide Film and its Effects on the Capillary of Microchannels

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Zhang ◽  
Bo Zhang ◽  
Tianhong Cui
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Oxide ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Nitrogen Atmosphere ◽  
Tio2 Films ◽  
Titanium Tetraisopropoxide ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Temperature Surface

Ultra-thin superhydrophilic titanium oxide films were fabricated on silicon microchannels by an in situ reaction sol-gel method using titanium tetraisopropoxide as a starting material.. By changing the concentration of water in ethanol and reaction time, the thickness of synthesized TiO2 films can be controlled from around 10 nm to 80 nm. The contact angle of as-synthesized TiO2 films on flat silicon is around 20° and can be further decreased to zero by calcination at 700 °C in nitrogen atmosphere. X-ray diffraction spectra show the microstructure of the TiO2 films changed gradually from amorphous to anatase with the increase of calcination temperature. Surface morphology of the film before and after calcination also shows that a smoother coating with crystal structure was obtained by heat treatment. The flow velocity in the TiO2 coated channel reached around 0.03 m/s, almost ten times of that in PDDA/PSS coated channel and 4 times of that in SiO2 coated one. The ultra-thin superhydrophilic TiO2 films fabricated by this method show the ability to strongly increase the wettability of microchannels without affecting the morphology of the sidewall of the channels, indicating potential applications to biomolecule analysis and surface tension driven microfluidic systems.

In-Situ X-ray Diffraction Study of Lithium Intercalation in Nanostructured Anatase Titanium dioxide

1998 ◽  
Vol 536 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Van de Krol ◽  
E. A. Meulenkamp ◽  
A. Goossens ◽  
J. Schoonman
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transformation ◽  
Maximum Amount ◽  
Lithium Intercalation ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Reversible Phase

AbstractElectrochemical lithium intercalation in nanostructured anatase TiO2 is investigated with in-situ X-ray diffraction. A complete and reversible phase transformation from tetragonal anatase TiO2 to orthorhombic anatase Li0.5TiO2 is observed. The difference of the XRD spectra before and after insertion can be fitted with the lattice parameters of the two phases as fit parameters. The maximum amount of lithium that can be dissolved in anatase TiO2 before the phase transformation occurs is found to be very small.

The Effects of Ternary Elemental Additions on the Structure and Magnetic Properties of Nanocrystalline Feco Powders

2002 ◽  
Vol 753 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Baker ◽  
R. G. Quiller ◽  
M. Robson ◽  
D. Wu
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Vibrating Sample Magnetometer ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Grain Sizes ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Diffraction Peaks ◽  
Computer Controlled ◽  
Steel Balls ◽  
Scanning Electron

ABSTRACTPowders of near-equiatomic Fe and Co were mechanically milled with additions of Zr, C, Ni, Cu and/or B for 60 hr using stainless steel balls in a Svegari attritor operated at 1300 r.p.m. under argon. The milled powders were examined before and after annealing at 600 °C. The morphologies and sizes of the powders were examined using a scanning electron microscope. The grain sizes were characterized from the widths of X-ray diffraction peaks obtained using a computer-controlled x-ray diffractometer and the lattice parameters were determined. The resulting magnetic properties were measured using a vibrating sample magnetometer.

In Situ Analysis of magnetic and Structural Properties of Epitaxial and Polycrystalline Ni80Fe20 Thin Films

1993 ◽  
Vol 313 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Hashim ◽  
H.A. Atwater ◽  
Thomas J. Watson
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Kerr Effect ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Epitaxial Films ◽  
Interface Roughness ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Transmission Electron

ABSTRACTWe have investigated structural and magnetic properties of epitaxial Ni80Fe20 films grown on relaxed epitaxial Cu/Si (001) films. The crystallographic texture of these films was analyzed in situ by reflection high energy electron diffraction (RHEED), and ex situ by x-ray diffraction and cross-sectional transmission electron Microscopy (XTEM). In particular, RHEED intensities were recorded during epitaxial growth, and intensity profiles across Bragg rods were used to calculate the surface lattice constant, and hence, find the critical epitaxial thickness for which Ni80Fe20 grows pseudomorphically on Cu (100). XTEM analysis indicated that the epitaxial films had atomically-abrupt interfaces which was not the case for polycrystalline Cu and Ni80Fe20 film interfaces. The Magnetic properties of these epitaxial films were Measured in situ using Magneto-optic Kerr effect magnetometry and were compared with those of polycrystalline films grown on SiO2/Si. Large Hc (∼ 35 Oe) was observed for epitaxial Ni80Fe20 films less than 3.0 nm thick whereas for increasing thickness, Hc decreased approximately monotonically to a few Oersteds. Correlations were made between magnetic properties of these epitaxial films, the strain in the film and the interface roughness obtained from XTEM analysis.

The Application of In Situ 3D X-Ray Diffraction in Annealing Experiments: First Interpretation of Substructure Development in Deformed NaCl

2012 ◽  
Vol 715-716 ◽  
pp. 461-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Verity Borthwick ◽  
Søren Schmidt ◽  
Sandra Piazolo ◽  
Carsten Gundlach ◽  
Albert Griera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Subgrain Boundary ◽  
Surface Effects ◽  
Sample Volume ◽  
European Synchrotron Radiation Facility ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Boundary Misorientation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Annealing Experiments

n-situ 3D X-ray diffraction (3DXRD) annealing experiments were conducted at the ID-11 beamline at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility in Grenoble. This allowed us to non-destructively document and subsequently analyse the development of substructures during heating, without the influence of surface effects. A sample of deformed single crystal halite was heated to between 260-400 °C. Before and after heating a volume of 500 by 500 by 300 μm was mapped using a planar beam, which was translated over the sample volume at intervals of 5-10 µm in the vertical dimension. In the following we present partially reconstructed orientation maps over one layer before and after heating for 240min at 260 °C. Additional small syn-heating maps over a constrained sample rotation of 12-30º. The purpose of this was to illuminate a few reflections from 1 or 2 subgrains and follow their evolution during heating. Preliminary results show that significant changes occurred within the sample volume, for which, surface effects can be excluded. Results show a number of processes, including: i) change in subgrain boundary misorientation angle and ii) subgrain subdivision into areas of similar lattice orientation with new subgrain boundary formation. These results demonstrate that 3DXRD coupled with in-situ heating is a successful non-destructive technique for examining real-time post-deformational annealing in strongly deformed crystalline materials with complicated microstructures.

Assessment of Cleaning Conservation Interventions on Architectural Surfaces Using an Integrated Methodology

2002 ◽  
Vol 712 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonia Moropoulou ◽  
Ekaterini T. Delegou ◽  
Nicolas P. Avdelidis ◽  
Maria Koui
Keyword(s):  
Historic Buildings ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Laboratory Methods ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Integrated Methodology ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Of Greece ◽  
Blasting Method

ABSTRACTIn this work, pilot cleaning interventions applied by a wet micro-blasting method on architectural surfaces of three historic buildings in marble and porous stone were evaluated in situ and in the laboratory. The investigation was performed on characteristic stone surfaces (marbles and porous stone) of the following historic buildings: Athens Academy and National Library of Greece in Athens center polluted urban environment and Bank of Greece in Piraeus marine environment. The materials of the facades were characterized, and the mechanism of decay was diagnosed. In addition, the cleaning method's efficiency was evaluated based on the acceptability of the alteration of the cleaned architectural surfaces. Criteria were both aesthetic and physico-chemical. In particular, the architectural surfaces were examined in situ by the means of fiber optic microscopy, infrared thermography and colorimetry. In the laboratory, methods of investigation were optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersion by X-ray analysis, mercury intrusion porosimetry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, conductivity and pH measurements. The majority of measurements and analyses were applied before and after the pilot cleaning interventions. Finally, the results of this study contribute to the development of an integrated methodology for the assessment of cleaning interventions applied on architectural surfaces.

Structural and magnetic modulations of copper(ii) azido complexes: unexpected in situ reactions of mono-N-donor pyridine-based co-ligands

2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 1514-1524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiong-Peng Zhao ◽  
Yabo Xie ◽  
Jian-Rong Li ◽  
Xian-He Bu
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Oxidation Reactions ◽  
Hydrothermal Reactions ◽  
Pyridine Ligands ◽  
In Situ Reactions

Hydrothermal reactions of azide anions, Cu(ii) ions, and fourmono-N-donor pyridine ligands lead to four new copper(ii) azides with different structures and magnetic properties, in which three co-ligands were generatedin situby decomposition, substitution, and oxidation reactions.

Impact of moisture on the corrosion behavior of copper and mild carbon steel in corn biodiesel

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 559-574 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana-Luciana Cursaru ◽  
Salim Nassreddine ◽  
Bassam Riachi ◽  
Mihaela Neagu ◽  
Sonia Mihai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Acid Number ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Total Acid ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Mild Carbon Steel ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Hygroscopic Nature ◽  
Static Immersion

AbstractPresence of moisture is very important for vegetable oils and for corresponding biodiesel because it may cause some problems or accelerate some issues that cannot be ignored. One of the main hindrances of biodiesel is its hygroscopic nature, which accelerates the corrosion of the fuel system of the engines. Thus, this study aims to investigate the effects of moisture on corn biodiesel and its susceptibility to corrosion on different automotive materials such as copper and mild carbon steel. Static immersion tests in corn biodiesel (B100) with different water concentrations (100 ppm, 500 ppm, and 700 ppm) were carried out at 90°C for 1200 h, and the results were compared to that of commercial diesel fuel (B0). After immersion tests, the surface morphology was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and corrosion products were detected by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The total acid number (TAN) was used to evaluate the changes in acidity of fuel, before and after immersion tests. It was found that under experimental conditions, corn biodiesel is more corrosive than diesel fuel, and the moisture from corn biodiesel has a strong influence on corrosion rate on metals. Copper is more susceptible to corrosion in corn biodiesel than mild carbon steel.

Investigation of Magnetic Properties and Nanostructure of Fe2.75Mn0.25O4@ PANI Materials and their Potential as the Magnetic Ink

2020 ◽  
Vol 855 ◽  
pp. 308-314
Author(s):  
Nadiya Miftachul Chusna ◽  
Sunaryono ◽  
Yunan Amza Muhammad ◽  
Rosabiela Irfa Andin ◽  
Ahmad Taufiq
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Crystal Size ◽  
In Situ Polymerization ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Hysteresis Curve ◽  
Vibrating Sample Magnetometer ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Polymerization Method

The Fe2.75Mn0.25O4 nanoparticles were successfully synthesized by using the coprecipitation method, while the Fe2.75Mn0.25O4@PANI materials were successfully fabricated by using the in situ polymerization method. This research aimed to investigate the magnetic properties and nanostructure of the Fe2.75Mn0.25O4 nanoparticles and Fe2.75Mn0.25O4@PANI materials. Some characterizations of the samples were successfully carried out by using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) instruments, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), and Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM) each of which was conducted to characterize the crystal structure, functional groups, morphology, and the magnetic properties of the materials. The XRD analysis results showed that the Fe2.75Mn0.25O4@PANI materials had a crystal size of 8.09 nm. Meanwhile, the FTIR spectrum represented vibrations due to the atomic bonds that made up the Fe2.75Mn0.25O4@PANI materials. Furthermore, the hysteresis curve from the VSM characterization results showed that the Fe2.75Mn0.25O4@PANI material saturation magnetization value was around 2.85 emus/g. From those characterization results, the Fe2.75Mn0.25O4@PANI materials are very potential to be applied as magnetic ink

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