The Use of Epoxy Resins for Stone Consolidation

1990 ◽  
Vol 185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles M. Selwitz
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Mechanical Strength ◽  
Epoxy Resins ◽  
Deep Penetration ◽  
Stone Consolidation ◽  
Epoxy Curing ◽  
Water Vapor Transmission ◽  
Stone Deterioration ◽  
Methods Of Treatment

AbstractAn overview on the causes and methods of treatment of stone deterioration is presented. The reasons for and prejudices against epoxy resins for stone consolidaton are described in terms of achieving deep penetration, improvement in mechanical strength and good water repellancy without the inhibition of water vapor transmission. Early work which failed to understand the nature of epoxy curing in solution is outlined, and more recent research, where this problem has been solved, is discussed.

MATHEMATICAL CORRELATION OF TEST METHODS FOR MEASURING WATER-VAPOR TRANSMISSION THROUGH FABRICS

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-255
Author(s):  
Teodor-Cezar Codau ◽  
Elena Onofrei ◽  
Stojanka Petrusic ◽  
Gauthier Bedek ◽  
Daniel Dupont ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Mathematical Correlation ◽  
Water Vapor Transmission

scholarly journals A porous PDMS pulsewave sensor with haircell structures for water vapor transmission rate and signal-to-noise ratio enhancement

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minho Seok ◽  
Sunghyun Yoon ◽  
Mookyum Kim ◽  
Young-Ho Cho
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Water Vapor Transmission Rate ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
Water Vapor Transmission ◽  
Noise Ratio

We present a porous polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) pulsewave sensor with haircell structures that improves both water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR).

scholarly journals Water vapor transmission properties of acrylic organic coatings

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Réka Lilla Kovács ◽  
Lajos Daróczi ◽  
Péter Barkóczy ◽  
Eszter Baradács ◽  
Eszter Bakonyi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Performance Testing ◽  
Preexponential Factor ◽  
Diffusion Activation Energy ◽  
Vapor Permeability ◽  
Coating Materials ◽  
Comparative Performance ◽  
Water Vapor Transmission ◽  
Arrhenius Function

AbstractIn this work, we evaluate the water vapor transmission rate (WVTR), the permeability (P), solubility (S), and diffusion (D) coefficients of Paraloid B44, Paraloid B72, and Incralac coatings in the temperature range of 5–35°C. The Arrhenius function—diffusion activation energy and preexponential factor—has also been determined from the data: $$D_{B44} = 35.2\;{\text{cm}}^{2} \;{\text{s}}^{ - 1} \exp \left( { - 25\;{\text{kJ mol}}^{ - 1} /{\text{RT}}} \right)$$ D B 44 = 35.2 cm 2 s - 1 exp - 25 kJ mol - 1 / RT ; $$D_{B72} = 9.5\;{\text{cm}}^{2} \;{\text{s}}^{ - 1} \exp \left( { - 23\;{\text{kJ mol}}^{ - 1} /{\text{RT}}} \right)$$ D B 72 = 9.5 cm 2 s - 1 exp - 23 kJ mol - 1 / RT ; $$D_{\text{Incralac}} = 622.8\;{\text{cm}}^{2} \;{\text{s}}^{ - 1} { \exp }\left( { - 28\;{\text{kJ mol}}^{ - 1} /{\text{RT}}} \right)$$ D Incralac = 622.8 cm 2 s - 1 exp - 28 kJ mol - 1 / RT . These resins are important coating materials, for example, for conservators to protect metallic artifacts, such as statues, against corrosion. Despite Paraloid B44 and B72 resins being considered as reference materials in conservation practice, that is, new coating materials (either water vapor retarders or transmitters) are often compared to them, there are no comprehensive data for the quantities describing the vapor permeability (P, S, D) of these materials. The measurements are based on the ISO cup-method using substrate/coating composite samples. The strength of this technique is that it can also be used when the coating is non-self-supporting; nevertheless, P, S, and D can be deduced for the coating layer itself, and it seems to be a standardizable procedure for comparative performance testing of coating materials. Paraloid B72 layers exhibited higher WVTRs—from 39 to 315 g m−2 day−1 as the temperature increased from 5 to 35°C—compared to Paraloid B44 and Incralac coatings—from 17 to 190 g m−2 day−1, respectively. The transmission rate parameters were also compared to the results of corrosion tests. Incralac was the most effective corrosion inhibitor, and the performance of the B44 was better than the B72, which is in good agreement with the transmission rate tests.

Effects of Oxygen and Water Vapor Transmission Rates of Polymeric Pouches on Oxidative Changes of Microwave-Sterilized Mashed Potato

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 341-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongchao Zhang ◽  
Kanishka Bhunia ◽  
Pengqun Kuang ◽  
Juming Tang ◽  
Barbara Rasco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Transmission Rates ◽  
Water Vapor Transmission

scholarly journals Preparing of Cornstarch (Zea mays) Bioplastic Using ZnO Metal

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Nurwani Hayati ◽  
Lazulva Lazulva
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Zea Mays ◽  
Water Vapor ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Mixing Process ◽  
Water Vapor Transmission Rate ◽  
Water Vapour Transmission Rate ◽  
Water Vapor Transmission

The manufacture of the bioplastic was done through the mixing process using an aquades solvent with a ratio massa 10 gram and 7 gram cornstarch, 150 mL aquades, 2 Ml glycerol and 0,5 gram ZnO. This study aim to find out physical characteristies (water vapour transmission rate, water content, thickness,biodegradation) and mechanical charateristics (tensile strength, elongasi, modulus young) are made of cornstrach (Zea mays) using ZnO metal. From the test results tensile strength was 2.744-4.018 Mpa, percentage of elongation was 28.4632.383%, modulus young’s was 8.9031026535-14.08617709Mpa, thickness was 0.16-0.29mm, water vapor transmission rate was 0.4329-1.52525g/m2.24 hours, water content was 13.5-14.5%, and biodegradation was 3.7798-7.0346% and 455-809 days.

Latency control of chemical reactions in polymerization of epoxy resins using a hydrogen bonding network

CrystEngComm ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsuyoshi Haneda ◽  
Shinya Matsuno ◽  
Hisanao Yamamoto ◽  
Hiroyoshi Ohtsu ◽  
Masaki Kawano
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Bonding ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Chemical Reactions ◽  
Epoxy Resins ◽  
Molecular Design ◽  
Epoxy Curing ◽  
Curing Agents ◽  
Hydrogen Bonding Network

Latency control on the basis of molecular design of a solid state by introducing hydrogen bonding into epoxy curing agents.

The Effect of Lauric Acid Addition on Characteristics of Biocomposite Edible Film

2021 ◽  
Vol 1044 ◽  
pp. 191-200
Author(s):  
Emma Rochima ◽  
Nur Silmi Nafisah ◽  
Rosidah ◽  
Iis Rostini ◽  
Subaryono
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Lauric Acid ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Total Solid ◽  
Edible Film ◽  
Film Material ◽  
Percent Elongation ◽  
Acid Addition ◽  
Water Vapor Transmission

The biocomposites were prepared from chitosan, carragenan and modified tapioca with lauric acid addition. The biocomposite were used as edible film material thus improving the mechanical characteristics. The purpose of this study was to determine the amount of lauric acid addition that produced biocomposites with the best characteristics. This study used experimental method. The different concentration of lauric acid used as the treatment was 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% from total solid of hydrocolloids materials (w/w). Data were analyzed statistically using the F test (ANOVA test) with confidence level of 95%. The results showed more than 10% addition of lauric acid decreased the value of moisture content, tensile strenght, percent elongation and water vapor transmission but increase thickness, opacity and transparency value. The addition of 10% lauric acid produced biocomposite with the best characteristics according to JIS (Japanese Industrial Standard) which had the moisture content of 42.65%, thickness of 0.047 mm, tensile strength of 13.8 MPa, percent elongation of 29.2%, water vapor transmission rate of 8.5 g/m2/day, opacity 8.9% and transparency 7.5. This research used renewable and biodegradable materials that can be applied to produce edible packaging with the best characteristics and eco-friendly.

Active Starch/PVA Composite Films Containing Syzygium oleana for Ammonia Vapor Colorimetric Indicators

2020 ◽  
Vol 990 ◽  
pp. 318-324
Author(s):  
Arie Listyarini ◽  
Windri Handayani ◽  
Vivi Fauzia ◽  
Cuk Imawan
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Water Vapor ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Composite Films ◽  
Ammonia Vapor ◽  
Water Vapor Transmission Rate ◽  
Food Spoilage ◽  
Water Vapor Transmission ◽  
Food Freshness

Ammonia is one of the compounds released during the food spoilage process, so a device that can detect ammonia can be used as an indicator of food spoilage. This article reports on the preparation and characteristics of Starch/PVA composite films with Syzygium oleana as indicator films to detect ammonia vapor. The indicator was made by first preparing the starch / PVA composite films by casting method and then the films were dipped in Syzygium oleana extract. These films were characterized by using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer, Fourier Transformed Infra-Red Spectrophotometer and tested for mechanical properties such as tensile strength and elongation, and the water vapor transmission rate (WVT). The results showed that the addition of PVA reduced the absorbance value in the UV and visible area, the value of the water vapor transmission rate and the tensile strength but the elongation value of the film on the other hand rose. The indicator films can detect ammonia which was marked by its color change from red to blue. For further application, it can be used as a smart packaging label that can detect food freshness.

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