Role of Surface and Growth-Zone Reactions in the Formation Process of µc-Si:H

1989 ◽  
Vol 164 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Matsuda ◽  
T. Goto
Keyword(s):  
Surface Diffusion ◽  
Formation Process ◽  
Surface Reaction ◽  
Surface Condition ◽  
Growth Zone ◽  
Loss Probability ◽  
Nucleation Process

AbstractThe role of the surface reaction is discussed in the formation process of µc-Si:H in comparison to that of a-Si:H. It is suggested that the responsible radicals for the formation of µc-Si:H are SiH3 as same in the case of a-Si:H depositions. On the top film-growing surface, a lot of H atoms reach the surface during the course of the μc-Si:H growth giving rise to the change in the surface condition, i. e. the loss probability of SiH3 radicals is increased. At the same time, a full H-coverage of the surface is expected which enhances the surface diffusion of SiH3 radicals, leading to the appearance of a gc nucleus. Moreover, it is speculated that the reaction in the growth zone is not necessary for the nucleation process in µc-Si:H.

scholarly journals Bringing high spatial resolution to the far-infrared

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hendrik Linz ◽  
Henrik Beuther ◽  
Maryvonne Gerin ◽  
Javier R. Goicoechea ◽  
Frank Helmich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Formation Process ◽  
Far Infrared ◽  
Main Theme ◽  
Spatially Resolved ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
External Galaxies ◽  
Emergence Of Life ◽  
Fine Structure Lines

AbstractThe far-infrared (FIR) regime is one of the wavelength ranges where no astronomical data with sub-arcsecond spatial resolution exist. None of the medium-term satellite projects like SPICA, Millimetron, or the Origins Space Telescope will resolve this malady. For many research areas, however, information at high spatial and spectral resolution in the FIR, taken from atomic fine-structure lines, from highly excited carbon monoxide (CO), light hydrides, and especially from water lines would open the door for transformative science. A main theme will be to trace the role of water in proto-planetary discs, to observationally advance our understanding of the planet formation process and, intimately related to that, the pathways to habitable planets and the emergence of life. Furthermore, key observations will zoom into the physics and chemistry of the star-formation process in our own Galaxy, as well as in external galaxies. The FIR provides unique tools to investigate in particular the energetics of heating, cooling, and shocks. The velocity-resolved data in these tracers will reveal the detailed dynamics engrained in these processes in a spatially resolved fashion, and will deliver the perfect synergy with ground-based molecular line data for the colder dense gas.

scholarly journals On the role of surface diffusion in determining the shape or morphology of noble-metal nanocrystals

2013 ◽  
Vol 110 (17) ◽  
pp. 6669-6673 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Xia ◽  
S. Xie ◽  
M. Liu ◽  
H.-C. Peng ◽  
N. Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Diffusion ◽  
Noble Metal ◽  
Metal Nanocrystals

The Role of Electrostatic Interactions in Protease Surface Diffusion and the Consequence for Interfacial Biocatalysis

Langmuir ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 26 (24) ◽  
pp. 18916-18925 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bob E. Feller ◽  
James T. Kellis ◽  
Luis G. Cascão-Pereira ◽  
Channing R. Robertson ◽  
Curtis W. Frank
Keyword(s):  
Surface Diffusion ◽  
Electrostatic Interactions

The Effect of Stirring Tool Surface Condition on Wear Characteristics in Friction Stir Welding (FSW) Process

2021 ◽  
Vol 880 ◽  
pp. 57-62
Author(s):  
Normariah Che Maideen ◽  
Salina Budin ◽  
Koay Mei Hyie ◽  
Nor Azirah Mohd Fohimi
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Friction Stir Welding ◽  
Surface Condition ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
Wear Characteristics ◽  
Rotating Speed ◽  
Friction Stir ◽  
Ticn Coating ◽  
Tool Surface

Stirring tool is one of the important factor that contribute to the successful of Friction Stir Welding (FSW). Role of tool, is to heat the welding zone and stir the material along the process. Many studies have been conducted by other researchers to improve the performance of stirring tool. Similar to this work, it is aimed to investigate and analyze the effect of stirring tool surface condition on wear characteristics in friction stir welding process. Four tools have been fabricated with pre-determined surface condition. Tool 1: H13 without heat treatment and without coating. Tool 2: H13 with heat treatment only. Tool 3: H13 with TiCN coating only and Tool 4: H13 with heat treatment and with TiCN coating. Friction stir welding was performed to test and verify the performance of fabricated tools. Process parameter used are 1270 RPM for rotating speed while 218 mm/min for welding speed. From the result, Tool 4 performed better in terms of physical wear as well as wear rate.

On the Role of Surface Diffusion in Stress Relaxation During Electromigration

1995 ◽  
Vol 391 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.M. Klinger ◽  
L. Levin ◽  
E.E. Glickman
Keyword(s):  
Stress Relaxation ◽  
Surface Diffusion ◽  
Hydrostatic Stress ◽  
Stress Gradient ◽  
Film Surface ◽  
Diffusional Creep ◽  
Atomic Diffusion ◽  
Material Transport ◽  
Diffusional Flux

AbstractWe report on the role of surface diffusion involved in relaxation of electromigration (EM) induced compressive stresses in relation to hillock growth and EM behavior of interconnects. Two competing mechanisms of EM stress relaxation by material transport onto the surface are considered. The first is hillocking by threshold diffusional creep (TCH), with rather large blocks of material (grains or group of grains) involved in plastic flow. The second mechanism, atomic diffusion hillocking (ADH), is presumed to be a nonthreshold one, and represents atomic grain boundary (GB) diffusion stimulated by the hydrostatic stress gradient in the direction normal to the film surface. The latter process involves surface diffusion because GB diffusional flux onto the surface must be coupled with the flux of redistribution of the atoms over the surface. If ADH acts rapidly, this should prevent the build-up of the matter at the down-wind (anode) end of the stripe, and thus, eliminate the Blech EM threshold resulting from the stress-gradient along the stripe. The question as to whether GB diffusion capable of transporting atoms pushed by electron wind along the stripe is also effective in relieving compressive stress by GB migration of the surplus atoms in the normal direction, has remained open up to now. The problem is especially acute for short or/and narrow lines separated into short polycrystalline segments, where the Blech threshold effects are critical to EM reliability.We derived the main features of the EM behavior in drift velocity test geometry assuming that both TCH and ADH are operative. The result can be compared with available and future experimental observations in order to reveal if and when the ADH mechanism with surface diffusion involved works.

Antecedents and consequences of online buying behavior: a mediation study

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suhail Bhat ◽  
Sheikh Basharul Islam ◽  
Umer Mushtaq Lone
Keyword(s):  
Formation Process ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Buying Behavior ◽  
Online Retailing ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Online Buying ◽  
Practical Implications

PurposeThe study is aimed to identify the determinants of online buying behavior and their associations with the consequences of online buying behavior. The study adopted an e-loyalty framework and investigated causal links among functionality, usability, trust, commitment and loyalty. In addition, the study also attempted to investigate the mediating role of trust and commitment between online buying determinants and online purchasing outcomes. The demographic variables of age, gender and income are used as control variables.Design/methodology/approachAn online questionnaire survey was conducted on Internet users by adopting purposive sampling technique. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was employed for measurement development, SEM was used for testing causal links, and percentile bootstrap with 95% confidence interval was used for mediation analysis.FindingsSignificant positive relationships were found among functionality, usability, trust, commitment and loyalty. Trust was found to fully mediate the effect of functionality and usability on loyalty. It was also found that commitment fully mediates the effect of functionality on loyalty.Research limitations/implicationsHowever, caution is advised while generalizing results of this study. The study was conducted on online retailing only. The authors recommend future studies to extend the research in other e-commerce sectors and also to perform a comparative study between online and offline retailing.Practical implicationsThis study provides some practical implications to website developers in designing a web page that caters the functionality and usability aspects in understanding e-loyalty formation process so that appropriate marketing strategies and tactics can be established to accommodate customized loyalty of each customer.Originality/valueThe study demonstrates the customer loyalty formation process in online retailing. Scanty literature has witnessed mediating role of trust and commitment in the relationships among functionality, usability and loyalty along with age, gender and monthly family income as controls in Indian sub-continent.

Surface diffusion of poisoning species during CO and formic acid oxidation on PtAu surface. The key role of the active site

2021 ◽  
Vol 483 ◽  
pp. 229189
Author(s):  
Daniela Minudri ◽  
Alvaro Y. Tesio ◽  
Florencia Fungo ◽  
Rodrigo E. Palacios ◽  
Paula S. Cappellari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Formic Acid ◽  
Surface Diffusion ◽  
Active Site ◽  
Formic Acid Oxidation ◽  
Acid Oxidation
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