Selective Surface Modification of Fluorocarbon Resin Using Excimer Laser

1989 ◽  
Vol 158 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Okoshi ◽  
M. Murahara ◽  
K. Toyoda
Keyword(s):  
Excimer Laser ◽  
Chemical Resistance ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
The Other ◽  
Methyl Radicals ◽  
Selective Area ◽  
Arf Excimer Laser ◽  
Arf Laser ◽  
Selective Surface Modification ◽  
Stable Material

ABSTRACTThe fluorocarbon resin (Teflon) which is a very stable material chemically, has chemical resistance. Because of this property, it has no affinity for oil or water. Therefore, we have tried selective area modification of the resin surface b-y using an excimer laser.Fluorocarbon resin is a polymer of C-F bonds. In our experiment, the resin surface was irradiated by an ArF excimer laser, of which the photon energy is higher than that of the C-F bond, to excite the strong C-F bonds. B radicals, the best combination for F atoms, were formed simultaneously. Consequently, F atoms of C-F bonds were pulled out by B radicals. B(CH3 )3 with absorption in agreement with the wavelength of the ArF laser were used as raw materials of the B radicals. By irradiating the gas by the ArF laser beam, the photodecomposed B radicals functioned by pulling out F atoms, and the other methyl radicals ( -CH3 ) substituted for F atoms. As the result, this resin surface turned out to be oleophilic exclusively on the areas exposed to the light.

Selective Surface Modification of a Fluorocarbon Resin Into Hydrophilic Material Using an Excimer Laser

1990 ◽  
Vol 201 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Okoshi ◽  
M. Murahara ◽  
K. Toyoda
Keyword(s):  
Surface Modification ◽  
Laser Beam ◽  
Excimer Laser ◽  
Contact Angles ◽  
Xps Analysis ◽  
Sem Image ◽  
Ammonia Complex ◽  
Hydrophilic Material ◽  
Arf Excimer Laser ◽  
Selective Surface Modification

AbstractSelective surface modification of fluorocarbon resin has been demonstrated by using an ArF excimer laser beam and an ammonia complex which was made from NH3 and B2H6 gases. The fluorocarbon resin was set in the atmosphere of NH3 gas. NH3 molecules which were adsorbed on the surface reacted quickly with the B2H6 molecules, and an ammonia complex was produced. As a result, the complex was adsorbed on the surface. The resin surface was selectively irradiated by ArF laser beam. The complex and C-F bonds of this resin were excited by the laser beam, and the surface was selectively modified to be hydrophilic property. The modified samples were evaluated by XPS analysis, measuring the contact angles of the water and the SEM image on the surface.

High Resolution Displacement of Functional Groups onto Fluorocarbon Resin Surface by Using ArF Excimer Laser

1996 ◽  
Vol 451 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Shimizu ◽  
M. Murahara
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Laser Beam ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Excimer Laser ◽  
Laser Fluence ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Three Solutions ◽  
Arf Excimer Laser

ABSTRACTA Fluorocarbon resin surface was selectively modified by irradiation with a ArF laser beam through a thin layer of NaAlO2, B(OH)3, or H2O solution to give a hydrophilic property. As a result, with low fluence, the surface was most effectively modified with the NaAlO2 solution among the three solutions. However, the contact angle in this case changed by 10 degrees as the fluence changed only 1mJ/cm2. When modifying a large area of the surface, high resolution displacement could not be achieved because the laser beam was not uniform in displacing functional groups. Thus, the laser fluence was successfully made uniform by homogenizing the laser beam; the functional groups were replaced on the fluorocarbon resin surface with high resolution, which was successfully modified to be hydrophilic by distributing the laser fluence uniformly.

scholarly journals The Critical Raw Materials Issue between Scarcity, Supply Risk, and Unique Properties

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 1826
Author(s):  
Mihaela Girtan ◽  
Antje Wittenberg ◽  
Maria Luisa Grilli ◽  
Daniel P. S. de Oliveira ◽  
Chiara Giosuè ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Community ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
The Other ◽  
Innovation Networks ◽  
Supply Risk ◽  
European Cooperation ◽  
Research And Innovation ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Critical Raw Materials

This editorial reports on a thorough analysis of the abundance and scarcity distribution of chemical elements and the minerals they form in the Earth, Sun, and Universe in connection with their number of neutrons and binding energy per nucleon. On one hand, understanding the elements’ formation and their specific properties related to their electronic and nucleonic structure may lead to understanding whether future solutions to replace certain elements or materials for specific technical applications are realistic. On the other hand, finding solutions to the critical availability of some of these elements is an urgent need. Even the analysis of the availability of scarce minerals from European Union sources leads to the suggestion that a wide-ranging approach is essential. These two fundamental assumptions represent also the logical approach that led the European Commission to ask for a multi-disciplinary effort from the scientific community to tackle the challenge of Critical Raw Materials. This editorial is also the story of one of the first fulcrum around which a wide network of material scientists gathered thanks to the support of the funding organization for research and innovation networks, COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology).

scholarly journals Effect of Fly Ash on Compressive Strength, Drying Shrinkage, and Carbonation Depth of Mortar with Ferronickel-Slag Powder

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 1037
Author(s):  
Se-Jin Choi ◽  
Ji-Hwan Kim ◽  
Sung-Ho Bae ◽  
Tae-Gue Oh
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Construction Industry ◽  
Bituminous Coal ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Drying Shrinkage ◽  
The Other ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Slag Powder ◽  
Ferronickel Slag

In recent years, efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions have continued worldwide. In the construction industry, a large amount of CO2 is generated during the production of Portland cement, and various studies are being conducted to reduce the amount of cement and enable the use of cement substitutes. Ferronickel slag is a by-product generated by melting materials such as nickel ore and bituminous coal, which are used as raw materials to produce ferronickel at high temperatures. In this study, we investigated the fluidity, microhydration heat, compressive strength, drying shrinkage, and carbonation characteristics of a ternary cement mortar including ferronickel-slag powder and fly ash. According to the test results, the microhydration heat of the FA20FN00 sample was slightly higher than that of the FA00FN20 sample. The 28-day compressive strength of the FA20FN00 mix was approximately 39.6 MPa, which was higher than that of the other samples, whereas the compressive strength of the FA05FN15 mix including 15% of ferronickel-slag powder was approximately 11.6% lower than that of the FA20FN00 mix. The drying shrinkage of the FA20FN00 sample without ferronickel-slag powder was the highest after 56 days, whereas the FA00FN20 sample without fly ash showed the lowest shrinkage compared to the other mixes.

New uses for brick-making clay materials from the Bailén area (southern Spain)

Clay Minerals ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 453-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Gonzalez ◽  
E. Galan ◽  
A. Miras ◽  
P. Aparicio
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Iron Oxides ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
The Other ◽  
Southern Spain ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Floor Tiles ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Clay Materials

AbstractAn attempt has been made to assess new potential applications for the Bailén clays, traditionally used for manufacturing bricks, based on mineralogical, chemical, particle size, plasticity and firing results. Raw materials and mixtures used by the local factory were selected and tested with the addition of some diatomite, feldspar or kaolin. Based on their properties, clay materials from Bailén might be suitable for making porous red wall tiles, clinker, vitrified red floor tiles and porous light-coloured wall tiles by pressing; the first could be manufactured from the raw materials and mixtures currently used by the local manufactures. On the other hand, stoneware shaped by extrusion, such as perforated bricks, facing bricks and roofing tiles, can be also manufactured from the mixtures used at the factory if they contain 20-25% carbonate and small amounts of iron oxides; lightweight bricks require black and yellow clays with diatomite.

Characterization of GaAs surfaces treated with phosphine gas photodecomposed by an ArF excimer laser

1998 ◽  
Vol 72 (12) ◽  
pp. 1472-1474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Sugino ◽  
Hideaki Ninomiya ◽  
Junji Shirafuji ◽  
Koichiro Matsuda
Keyword(s):  
Excimer Laser ◽  
Arf Excimer Laser
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