scholarly journals Strontium Leachability of Hydrofracture Grouts for Sludge-Slurries

1982 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. T. Morgan ◽  
E. W. Mcdaniel ◽  
J. G. Moore ◽  
H. E. Devaney ◽  
L. R. Dole
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Apparent Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Moving Boundary ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Curing Time ◽  
Bedding Planes ◽  
Apparent Diffusion ◽  
Shale Formation ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Weak Trend

ABSTRACTThis paper summarizes a series of experiments to determine the strontium leachability of cement-based sludge-slurry hydrofracture grouts.The hydrofracture process has been used at ORNL since 1966 for the routine disposal of intermediate-level waste (ILW) solutions. In this process, cement and other additives are mixed with a waste stream to form grout, which is then injected into a shale bed at a pressure sufficient to cause fracturing along the horizontal bedding planes. This injected grout soon hardens, fixing the radionuclides between layers of the massive Conasauga shale formation.Modified IAEA dynamic leach tests on hydrofracture grout specimens showed improved leach resistance (by a factor of 3 to 5) as the curing time increased from 28 d to 91 d. A weak trend toward lower leachability with increased amounts of dry solids was observed.The moving boundary-plus-diffusion leach model fits the dynamic leach data successfully in most cases. An apparent diffusion coefficient of 5 × 10−12 cm2/s and a moving boundary coefficent of 1 × 10−7 s−1 were obtained when one of the best grout compositions was leached in distilled water.

Diffusion tensor imaging reveals microstructural differences between subtypes of trigeminal neuralgia

2020 ◽  
Vol 133 (2) ◽  
pp. 573-579 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew S. Willsey ◽  
Kelly L. Collins ◽  
Erin C. Conrad ◽  
Heather A. Chubb ◽  
Parag G. Patil
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Diffusion Tensor Imaging ◽  
Trigeminal Neuralgia ◽  
Apparent Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Region Of Interest ◽  
Pain Syndrome ◽  
Radial Diffusivity ◽  
Apparent Diffusion

OBJECTIVETrigeminal neuralgia (TN) is an uncommon idiopathic facial pain syndrome. To assist in diagnosis, treatment, and research, TN is often classified as type 1 (TN1) when pain is primarily paroxysmal and episodic or type 2 (TN2) when pain is primarily constant in character. Recently, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) has revealed microstructural changes in the symptomatic trigeminal root and root entry zone of patients with unilateral TN. In this study, the authors explored the differences in DTI parameters between subcategories of TN, specifically TN1 and TN2, in the pontine segment of the trigeminal tract.METHODSThe authors enrolled 8 patients with unilateral TN1, 7 patients with unilateral TN2, and 23 asymptomatic controls. Patients underwent DTI with parameter measurements in a region of interest within the pontine segment of the trigeminal tract. DTI parameters were compared between groups.RESULTSIn the pontine segment, the radial diffusivity (p = 0.0049) and apparent diffusion coefficient (p = 0.023) values in TN1 patients were increased compared to the values in TN2 patients and controls. The DTI measures in TN2 were not statistically significant from those in controls. When comparing the symptomatic to asymptomatic sides in TN1 patients, radial diffusivity was increased (p = 0.025) and fractional anisotropy was decreased (p = 0.044) in the symptomatic sides. The apparent diffusion coefficient was increased, with a trend toward statistical significance (p = 0.066).CONCLUSIONSNoninvasive DTI analysis of patients with TN may lead to improved diagnosis of TN subtypes (e.g., TN1 and TN2) and improve patient selection for surgical intervention. DTI measurements may also provide insights into prognosis after intervention, as TN1 patients are known to have better surgical outcomes than TN2 patients.

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