A Model for Nematic Phases in a Reversibly Assembling System of Hard Rods and Plates

1988 ◽  
Vol 134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark P. Taylort ◽  
Alan E. Berger ◽  
Judith Herzfeld
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Crystalline ◽  
Configurational Entropy ◽  
Calculated Phase Diagram ◽  
Lattice Statistics ◽  
Particle Size Distributions ◽  
Liquid Crystalline Phases ◽  
Hard Rods ◽  
Regions Of Stability ◽  
Reversible Formation ◽  
Nematic Phases

ABSTRACT: Liquid crystalline behavior is exhibited by many amphiphilic solutions as a result of the reversible formation of anisotropic aggregates. We model such a system by combining a phenomenological description of aggregation with a lattice statistics calculation of the configurational entropy of a polydisperse collection of hard rods and plates. In this model, nematic liquid crystalline phases of axial, planar and biaxial symmetry are possible. We present a calculated phase diagram, and corresponding particle size distributions, for the case when rod and plate growth are equally favored. Regions of stability are found for axial and planar phases, but not for biaxial phases.

Study of the Liquid Crystalline Phases in Some Compounds of 4-Trans-(4-Alkyl)Cyclo-Hexylphenyl-Alkylcarboxylate

1983 ◽  
Vol 38 (12) ◽  
pp. 1362-1364 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. H. Ibrahim ◽  
W. Haase
Keyword(s):  
Differential Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Nematic Phase ◽  
Liquid Crystalline ◽  
Intermolecular Distance ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Enthalpy Changes ◽  
Liquid Crystalline Phases ◽  
Nematic Phases

Abstract Three mesogenic compounds of the general formula have been investigated by differential scanning calorimetry. thermal optical microscopy and X-ray diffraction methods/Enthalpy changes of The different phase transitions for these compounds have been determined. H33 exhibits smectic B and nematic phases, whereas H34 and H75 exhibit only smectic B phases. The thickness of the smectic layers and the average intermolecular distance have been evaluated, as well as the corresponding molecular parameters in the nematic phase.

scholarly journals Hybrid Nanosystems Based on Metal-Containing Mesogenic CyanoAlkyl and Alkoxybiphenyls

Crystals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 77
Author(s):  
Tatyana I. Shabatina ◽  
Yurii N. Morosov
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Crystalline ◽  
Metal Species ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Liquid Crystalline Phases ◽  
Metal Contents ◽  
Visible Spectra ◽  
Hybrid Nanosystems ◽  
Nematic Phases ◽  
Small Clusters

The paper reviews the results of the authors on the production of hybrid nanosystems based on liquid crystalline (LC) long-chain cyano(alkyl and alkoxy)biphenyls (5CB, 5OCB, and 8CCB) including nanosized metal species. The samples were obtained through the direct incorporation of metal (silver and copper) atoms and small clusters into mesogenic CB matrices via a low temperature co-condensation technique, and the formation of biligand metal complexes were revealed by FTIR and ESR-spectroscopy. The heating of the systems led to the controlled growth of metal clusters and nanosized metal particles of the definite size beginning from 1 up to 200 nanometers, and their highly-ordered assemblies stabilized in the solid and liquid crystalline phases. It is shown that supramolecular ordering in different LC phases of cyanobiphenyl matrices determines the size and shape of nanosized metal species that are formed in the systems under investigation, as well as the morphology of their aggregates. TEM and atomic force microscopy (AFM) data revealed the existence of orientationally-ordered nanostructures in the nematic phases of 5CB and 5OCB. The growth of quasi-fractal 2D-aggregates was shown for layer-structured smectic mesophase of 8CB. The UV–Visible spectra of hybrid metal–mesogenic nanosystems Ag-5CB and Cu-5CB that were incorporated into polymeric films revealed intensive plasmonic bands at 400–450 nm, similar to silver nanoparticles, and 540–650 nm, similar to copper nanoparticles. The increasing of the metal contents in the samples caused the growth of highly anisometric shaped metal rods, with the ratio of the length to the diameter being more than 10 and plasmonic bands at region of λ ≥ 650 nm.

NOVEL LIQUID CRYSTALLINE PHASES IN QUANTUM HALL SYSTEMS

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (07) ◽  
pp. 747-778 ◽  
Author(s):  
CARLOS WEXLER ◽  
ORION CIFTJA
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Crystalline ◽  
Quantum Hall ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Electron System ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Crystalline Phases ◽  
Liquid Crystalline Phases ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Nematic Phases ◽  
Experimental Findings

Since 1999, experiments have shown a plethora of surprising results in the low-temperature magnetotransport in intermediate regions between quantum Hall (QH) plateaus: the extreme anisotropies observed for half-filling, or the re-entrant integer QH effects at quarter filling of high Landau levels (LL); or even an apparent melting of a Wigner Crystal (WC) at filling factor ν = 1/7 of the lowest LL. A large body of seemingly distinct experimental evidence has been successfully interpreted in terms of liquid crystalline phases in the two-dimensional electron system (2DES). In this paper, we present a review of the physics of liquid crystalline states for strongly correlated two-dimensional electronic systems in the QH regime. We describe a semi-quantitative theory for the formation of QH smectics (stripes), their zero-temperature melting onto nematic phases and ultimate anisotropic-isotropic transition via the Kosterlitz–Thouless (KT) mechanism. We also describe theories for QH-like states with various liquid crystalline orders and their excitation spectrum. We argue that resulting picture of liquid crystalline states in partially filled LL-s is a valuable starting point to understand the present experimental findings, and to suggest new experiments that will lead to further elucidation of this intriguing system.

Liquid Crystalline Compounds in the Thiophene Series, Part 11+ Liquid Crystalline Thiophene Carboxylic Esters

1995 ◽  
Vol 50 (8) ◽  
pp. 1265-1274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerhard Koßmehl ◽  
Barbara Hirsch
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Crystalline ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Crystalline Phases ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Smectic Phases ◽  
Liquid Crystalline Phases ◽  
Nematic Phases ◽  
Optical Textures ◽  
Carboxylic Esters

The new series of ten 4,4'-bis(5-alkyl-2-thienylcarbonyloxy)azobenzenes (2a -2j) and ten 2,5-bis(5-alkyl-2-thienylcarbonyloxy)toluenes (3a -3j) were prepared. These, as yet unknown esters were characterized in relation to their structures by elemental analyses, IR, UV, 1H NMR spectra and MS. The azobenzene-esters 2a -2j which form liquid crystalline phases were studied by microscopy under polarized light and DSC (differential scanning calorimetry). Through the observation of the optical textures nematic phases were monitored. Only 2j has an additional smectic phase; 2h and 2i form monotropic smectic phases during cooling. The toluene-esters 3a -3j do not form liquid crystalline phases.

scholarly journals Thermodynamic Measurements on the Binary System Bis{[2,2-di(n- hexyloxycarbonyl)ethenyl]phenyl} Biphenyl-4,4'-dicarboxylate and 4-n-Octyloxyphenyl 4-n-Pentyloxybenzoate at Elevated Pressures

2001 ◽  
Vol 56 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 658-662
Author(s):  
Albert Würflinger ◽  
M. Massalska-Arodż ◽  
S. Urbanb ◽  
W. Weissflog ◽  
S. Ernst
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Transition Temperature ◽  
Binary System ◽  
Liquid Crystalline ◽  
Smectic A ◽  
Elevated Pressures ◽  
Liquid Crystalline Phases ◽  
Thermodynamic Measurements ◽  
Smectic A Phase ◽  
Nematic Phases

AbstractThermodynamic measurements have been carried out on the binary system of a swallow-tailed liquid crystal A = bis{[2,2-di(n-hexyloxycarbonyl)ethenyl]phenyl} biphenyl-4,4'-dicarboxylate (4DS6) and B = 4-n-octyloxyphenyl 4-rc-pentyloxybenzoate (5O/O8). A filled smectic A phase is induced in the concentration range 0.11 < xA < 0.75. The maximum of the SmA-N transition temperature (365 K) is observed for xA= 0.33. Dilatometric measurements show that the packing density in the filled phases is increased. High-pressure DTA is employed in order to investigate the coexistence range of the liquid crystalline phases and the slopes of the transition lines. The slopes of the melting curves for the mixtures are significantly smaller than those for the pure components. The slopes for the smectic - nematic - isotropic transitions are considerably larger. The coexistence range for the (smectic + nematic) phases does not seem to be pressure-limited, rather it increases with pressure.

Use of light microscopy in the qualitative and quantitative study of liquid crystalline order

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 264-265
Author(s):  
Christopher Viney
Keyword(s):  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Liquid Crystalline ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Molecular Order ◽  
Liquid Crystalline Phases ◽  
Convenient Technique ◽  
Liquid Crystalline Materials ◽  
Transparent Windows

Light microscopy is a convenient technique for characterizing molecular order in fluid liquid crystalline materials. Microstructures can usually be observed under the actual conditions that promote the formation of liquid crystalline phases, whether or not a solvent is required, and at temperatures that can range from the boiling point of nitrogen to 600°C. It is relatively easy to produce specimens that are sufficiently thin and flat, simply by confining a droplet between glass cover slides. Specimens do not need to be conducting, and they do not have to be maintained in a vacuum. Drybox or other controlled environmental conditions can be maintained in a sealed chamber equipped with transparent windows; some heating/ freezing stages can be used for this purpose. It is relatively easy to construct a modified stage so that the generation and relaxation of global molecular order can be observed while specimens are being sheared, simulating flow conditions that exist during processing. Also, light only rarely affects the chemical composition or molecular weight distribution of the sample. Because little or no processing is required after collecting the sample, one can be confident that biologically derived materials will reveal many of their in vivo structural characteristics, even though microscopy is performed in vitro.

Electron microscopy and diffraction of crystalline dendrimers and macrocycles

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 1218-1219
Author(s):  
C. J. Buchko ◽  
P. M. Wilson ◽  
Z. Xu ◽  
J. Zhang ◽  
S. Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Liquid Crystalline ◽  
Structural Information ◽  
High Resolution Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Tertiary Butyl ◽  
Phenyl Acetylene ◽  
Selected Area Electron Diffraction ◽  
Liquid Crystalline Phases ◽  
Resolution Electron

The synthesis of well-defined organic molecules with unique geometries opens new opportunities for understanding and controlling the organization of condensed matter. Here, we study dendrimers and macrocycles which are synthesized from rigid phenyl-acetylene spacer units, Both units are solubilized by the presence of tertiary butyl groups located at the periphery of the molecule. These hydrocarbon materials form crystalline and liquid crystalline phases which have been studied by differential scanning calorimetry, hot stage optical microscopy, and wide-angle x-ray scattering (WAXS).The precisely defined architecture of these molecules makes it possible to investigate systematic variations in chemical architecture on the nature of microstructural organization. Here we report on the transmission electron microscopy (TEM), selected area electron diffraction (SAED), and high resolution electron microscopy (HREM) studies of crystalline thin films formed by deposition of these materials onto carbon substrates from dilute solution. Electron microscopy is very attractive for gaining structural information on new molecules due to the scarcity of material to grow single crystals suitable for conventional crystallography.

scholarly journals Hexakis(terthiophenylthio)benzene as a Mew Class Liquid Crystalline Molecule

1999 ◽  
Vol 23 (10) ◽  
pp. 596-597
Author(s):  
Shinobu Inoue ◽  
Shoji Nishiguchi ◽  
Satoshi Murakami ◽  
Yoshio Aso ◽  
Tetsuo Otsubo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Crystalline ◽  
Smectic A ◽  
Smectic C ◽  
Nematic Phases

A disk-like molecule, in which six α-linked terthiophenes are connected to a central benzene core via a thioether linkage, shows a sequence of calamitic liquid crystalline mesomorphism involving smectic C, smectic A and nematic phases.

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