scholarly journals X-Ray Lithography Studies of Polysilane using a Laser Plasma X-Ray Source

1988 ◽  
Vol 129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glenn D. Kubiak ◽  
Duane A. Outka ◽  
John M. Zeigler
Keyword(s):  
Absorption Spectra ◽  
Photon Energy ◽  
Laser Plasma ◽  
Plasma Source ◽  
Wire Mesh ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Absorption

ABSTRACTA laser-generated plasma source of monochromatized soft x-rays has been used to study the x-ray lithographic resist properties of poly(cyclohexylmethylsilane-co-dimethylsilane). X-ray absorption spectra near the SiL2,3 edge of unexposed samples were measured to guide the choice of exposure photon energy. We find that poly(cyclohexyl-methylsilane-co-dimethylsilane) exhibits positive tone at x-ray energies near 105 eV (Si 2p resonance), a sensitivity of 1000 mJ/cm2 and a contrast of 1.5. Sensitivity is found to increase markedly when exposed samples are held in air before development. Using simple wire mesh masks, estimates of the minimum achievable linewidth have been made.

scholarly journals Quantitative phase contrast imaging of a shock-wave with a laser-plasma based X-ray source

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Barbato ◽  
S. Atzeni ◽  
D. Batani ◽  
D. Bleiner ◽  
G. Boutoux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laser Plasma ◽  
Phase Contrast ◽  
Plastic Material ◽  
Plasma Source ◽  
Phase Contrast Imaging ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Contrast Imaging ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Clear Identification ◽  
X Ray Absorption

AbstractX-ray phase contrast imaging (XPCI) is more sensitive to density variations than X-ray absorption radiography, which is a crucial advantage when imaging weakly-absorbing, low-Z materials, or steep density gradients in matter under extreme conditions. Here, we describe the application of a polychromatic X-ray laser-plasma source (duration ~0.5 ps, photon energy >1 keV) to the study of a laser-driven shock travelling in plastic material. The XPCI technique allows for a clear identification of the shock front as well as of small-scale features present during the interaction. Quantitative analysis of the compressed object is achieved using a density map reconstructed from the experimental data.

Time-resolved soft x-ray absorption spectroscopy of silicon using femtosecond laser plasma x rays

1999 ◽  
Vol 75 (16) ◽  
pp. 2350-2352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hidetoshi Nakano ◽  
Yoshinori Goto ◽  
Peixiang Lu ◽  
Tadashi Nishikawa ◽  
Naoshi Uesugi
Keyword(s):  
Femtosecond Laser ◽  
Absorption Spectroscopy ◽  
Laser Plasma ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Femtosecond Laser Plasma ◽  
X Ray Absorption

scholarly journals Application of Synchrotron Radiation X-ray Scattering and Spectroscopy to Soft Matter

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1624
Author(s):  
Atsushi Takahara ◽  
Yuji Higaki ◽  
Tomoyasu Hirai ◽  
Ryohei Ishige
Keyword(s):  
Synchrotron Radiation ◽  
Photon Energy ◽  
Spectroscopic Analysis ◽  
Structure Characterization ◽  
Wide Energy Range ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
X Ray Absorption ◽  
Ray Scattering

Light produced by synchrotron radiation (SR) is much brighter than that produced by conventional laboratory X-ray sources. The photon energy of SR X-ray ranges from soft and tender X-rays to hard X-rays. Moreover, X-rays become element sensitive with decreasing photon energy. By using a wide energy range and high-quality light of SR, different scattering and spectroscopic methods were applied to various soft matters. We present five of our recent studies performed using specific light properties of a synchrotron facility, which are as follows: (1) In situ USAXS study to understand the deformation behavior of colloidal crystals during uniaxial stretching; (2) structure characterization of semiconducting polymer thin films along the film thickness direction by grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering using tender X-rays; (3) X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) analysis of the formation mechanism of poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT); (4) soft X-ray absorption and emission spectroscopic analysis of water structure in polyelectrolyte brushes; and (5) X-ray photon correlation spectroscopic analysis of the diffusion behavior of polystyrene-grafted nanoparticles dispersed in a polystyrene matrix.

scholarly journals Oxygen binding by Helix pomatia α-haemocyanin studied by X-ray-absorption spectroscopy

1983 ◽  
Vol 209 (2) ◽  
pp. 373-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Torensma ◽  
J C Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Synchrotron Radiation ◽  
Absorption Spectra ◽  
Absorption Spectroscopy ◽  
Helix Pomatia ◽  
Oxygen Binding ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Absorption

The X-ray absorption spectra of haemocyanin from Helix pomatia were obtained by using X-rays from synchrotron radiation. Cu K-edges were recorded at four conditions, namely fully oxygenated, 85% oxygenated, 12% oxygenated and fully deoxygenated. The percentage oxygenation calculated from the edge-shift of the partially oxygenated samples did not agree with the percentage oxygenation as determined by u.v. measurements. Two intermediates in the oxygenation process are presented to explain the observed dissimilarities.

scholarly journals An ensemble of new techniques to study soft-X-ray-induced variations in cellular metabolism

2004 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 323-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
EDMOND TURCU ◽  
RICK ALLOT ◽  
NICOLA LISI ◽  
DIMITRI BATANI ◽  
FULVIA BORTOLOTTO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laser Plasma ◽  
Metabolic Response ◽  
Cell Metabolism ◽  
Plasma Source ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
X Rays ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cell Compartments ◽  
High Doses

An ensemble of new techniques has been developed to study cell metabolism. These include: CO2production monitoring, cell irradiation with soft X rays produced with a laser-plasma source, and study of oscillations in cell metabolic activity via spectral analysis of experimental records. Soft X-rays at about 0.9 keV, with a very low penetration in biological material, were chosen to produce damages at the metabolic level, without great interference with DNA activity. The use of a laser-plasma source allowed a fast deposition of high doses. Monitoring of CO2production allowed us to measure cell metabolic response immediately after irradiation in a continuous and noninvasive way. Also a simple model was developed to calculate X-ray doses delivered to the different cell compartments following a Lambert–Bouguet–Beer law. Results obtained onSaccharomyces cerevisiaeyeast cells in experiments performed at Rutherford Appleton Laboratory are presented.

X-Ray absorption edge elemental imaging of B. thuringienis

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 212-213
Author(s):  
R. L. Stears
Keyword(s):  
Absorption Edge ◽  
Elemental Distribution ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Differential Absorption ◽  
Synchrotron Source ◽  
High Brightness ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Elemental Imaging ◽  
Cellular Integrity ◽  
X Ray Absorption

Because of the nature of the bacterial endospore, little work has been done on analyzing their elemental distribution and composition in the intact, living, hydrated state. The majority of the qualitative analysis entailed intensive disruption and processing of the endospores, which effects their cellular integrity and composition.Absorption edge imaging permits elemental analysis of hydrated, unstained specimens at high resolution. By taking advantage of differential absorption of x-ray photons in regions of varying elemental composition, and using a high brightness, tuneable synchrotron source to obtain monochromatic x-rays, contact x-ray micrographs can be made of unfixed, intact endospores that reveal sites of elemental localization. This study presents new data demonstrating the application of x-ray absorption edge imaging to produce elemental information about nitrogen (N) and calcium (Ca) localization using Bacillus thuringiensis as the test specimen.

Electronic Structure and X-ray Absorption Spectra of Rutile TiO2 Using First-Principles Calculations

2014 ◽  
Vol 52 (12) ◽  
pp. 1025-1029
Author(s):  
Min-Wook Oh ◽  
Tae-Gu Kang ◽  
Byungki Ryu ◽  
Ji Eun Lee ◽  
Sung-Jae Joo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Structure ◽  
Absorption Spectra ◽  
First Principles ◽  
First Principles Calculations ◽  
Rutile Tio2 ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Absorption

scholarly journals Al-driven peculiarities of local coordination and magnetic properties in single-phase Alx-CrFeCoNi high-entropy alloys

Nano Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alevtina Smekhova ◽  
Alexei Kuzmin ◽  
Konrad Siemensmeyer ◽  
Chen Luo ◽  
Kai Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
Magnetic Circular Dichroism ◽  
Surface Region ◽  
Face Centered Cubic ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
High Entropy ◽  
X Ray Absorption ◽  
Absorption Edges

AbstractModern design of superior multi-functional alloys composed of several principal components requires in-depth studies of their local structure for developing desired macroscopic properties. Herein, peculiarities of atomic arrangements on the local scale and electronic states of constituent elements in the single-phase face-centered cubic (fcc)- and body-centered cubic (bcc)-structured high-entropy Alx-CrFeCoNi alloys (x = 0.3 and 3, respectively) are explored by element-specific X-ray absorption spectroscopy in hard and soft X-ray energy ranges. Simulations based on the reverse Monte Carlo approach allow to perform a simultaneous fit of extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectra recorded at K absorption edges of each 3d constituent and to reconstruct the local environment within the first coordination shells of absorbers with high precision. The revealed unimodal and bimodal distributions of all five elements are in agreement with structure-dependent magnetic properties of studied alloys probed by magnetometry. A degree of surface atoms oxidation uncovered by soft X-rays suggests different kinetics of oxide formation for each type of constituents and has to be taken into account. X-ray magnetic circular dichroism technique employed at L2.3 absorption edges of transition metals demonstrates reduced magnetic moments of 3d metal constituents in the sub-surface region of in situ cleaned fcc-structured Al0.3-CrFeCoNi compared to their bulk values. Extended to nanostructured versions of multicomponent alloys, such studies would bring new insights related to effects of high entropy mixing on low dimensions.

scholarly journals Synchrotron X-ray induced acoustic imaging

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Seongwook Choi ◽  
Eun-Yeong Park ◽  
Sinyoung Park ◽  
Jong Hyun Kim ◽  
Chulhong Kim
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Imaging ◽  
Signal Frequency ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Repetition Period ◽  
Linear Accelerators ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Computed ◽  
Medical Linear Accelerators ◽  
Ionizing Radiation Exposure ◽  
X Ray Absorption

AbstractX-ray induced acoustic imaging (XAI) is an emerging biomedical imaging technique that can visualize X-ray absorption contrast at ultrasound resolution with less ionizing radiation exposure than conventional X-ray computed tomography. So far, medical linear accelerators or industrial portable X-ray tubes have been explored as X-ray excitation sources for XAI. Here, we demonstrate the first feasible synchrotron XAI (sXAI). The synchrotron generates X-rays, with a dominant energy of 4 to 30 keV, a pulse-width of 30 ps, a pulse-repetition period of 2 ns, and a bunch-repetition period of 940 ns. The X-ray induced acoustic (XA) signals are processed in the Fourier domain by matching the signal frequency with the bunch-repetition frequency. We successfully obtained two-dimensional XA images of various lead targets. This novel sXAI tool could complement conventional synchrotron applications.

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