Corrosion of Radioactive, Crushed Waste Glass

1988 ◽  
Vol 127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inga-Kari Björner ◽  
H. Christensen ◽  
H. P. Hermansson ◽  
M Tsukamoto ◽  
L Werme
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Radioactive Waste ◽  
Release Rate ◽  
Waste Glass ◽  
Leach Rate ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Presence And Absence

ABSTRACTThe corrosion experiments of crushed, radioactive waste glass at Studsvik within phase V of the JSS Project are described. The experiments were performed with high S/V ratios (1100 and 4000 m−1) which resulted in silica saturation already after the shortest reaction time studied (91 d).Thee long term leach rate of the soluble elements is about 10−3 g.m d−1, both in the presence and absence of bentonite. In the presence of bentonite + magnetite the leach rate is higher, about 0.007 g.m1.d−2. The release rate to the solution of Cs is one order of magnitude lower and that of Pu-238 + Am-241 three orders of magnitude lower than the release rate of the soluble elements Mo and B. Most of the Pu-238 and Am-241 fraction, found in the solution, is present as colloids.

Effects of Rocks and Backfill Materials on Waste Glass Leaching

1985 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Ishiguro ◽  
N. Sasaki ◽  
H. Kashihara ◽  
M. Yamamoto
Keyword(s):  
Waste Glass ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Leach Rate ◽  
Glass Dissolution ◽  
Crushed Granite ◽  
Backfill Materials ◽  
Long Term Experiment ◽  
Static Conditions ◽  
Glass Leaching

AbstractExtensive studies have been made on the interactions between a waste glass and repository materials under static conditions. One of the PNC reference glasses was leached in the solution prepared from water in contact with crushed granite, tuff, diabase and backfill materials such as bentonite and zeolite. The leachant solutions except for some bentonite solutions reduced the glass leach rate compared with that measured in distilled water. The extent of the reduction was a function of silicon concentration in solution. The bentonite solutions enhanced the glass dissolution rate by a factor of 2 to 3 at low bentonite/water ratios but the effect was found to be less important at high bentonite/water ratios and in the long-term experiment. Addition of granite and zeolite to the bentonite solutions decreased the leach rate below the value measured in distilled water.

Corrosion of Carbon Steel Containers During Open Site Tests of Vitrified Radioactive Waste

1997 ◽  
Vol 506 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.S. Barinov ◽  
M.I. Ojovan ◽  
N.V. Ojovan
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Radioactive Waste ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Atmospheric Corrosion ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Matrix Material ◽  
Waste Glass ◽  
Testing Site ◽  
Intermediate Level Radioactive Waste

ABSTRACTIn the middle of 80-s the Moscow SIA “Radon” initiates a program on long term tests of vitrified intermediate level radioactive waste from nuclear power plants with different types'of reactors and with different composition of waste. Glass blocks were prepared and disposed for tests in experimental shallow ground repository and on open testing area. Borosilicate glass as matrix material is investigated in order to obtain data on real behaviour of glass [1]. The waste glass was poured in carbon steel rectangular containers therefore containers also were subjected to aqueous and atmospheric corrosion. Exposure conditions at testing site are varying depending on season. They can be described only as average parameters with some uncertainties.

scholarly journals Statistically rigorous calculations do not support common input and long-term synchronization of motor-unit firings

2014 ◽  
Vol 112 (11) ◽  
pp. 2729-2744 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlo J. De Luca ◽  
Joshua C. Kline
Keyword(s):  
Motor Unit ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Common Input ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Score Method ◽  
Surface Electromyographic Signal ◽  
Measure Synchronization

Over the past four decades, various methods have been implemented to measure synchronization of motor-unit firings. In this work, we provide evidence that prior reports of the existence of universal common inputs to all motoneurons and the presence of long-term synchronization are misleading, because they did not use sufficiently rigorous statistical tests to detect synchronization. We developed a statistically based method (SigMax) for computing synchronization and tested it with data from 17,736 motor-unit pairs containing 1,035,225 firing instances from the first dorsal interosseous and vastus lateralis muscles—a data set one order of magnitude greater than that reported in previous studies. Only firing data, obtained from surface electromyographic signal decomposition with >95% accuracy, were used in the study. The data were not subjectively selected in any manner. Because of the size of our data set and the statistical rigor inherent to SigMax, we have confidence that the synchronization values that we calculated provide an improved estimate of physiologically driven synchronization. Compared with three other commonly used techniques, ours revealed three types of discrepancies that result from failing to use sufficient statistical tests necessary to detect synchronization. 1) On average, the z-score method falsely detected synchronization at 16 separate latencies in each motor-unit pair. 2) The cumulative sum method missed one out of every four synchronization identifications found by SigMax. 3) The common input assumption method identified synchronization from 100% of motor-unit pairs studied. SigMax revealed that only 50% of motor-unit pairs actually manifested synchronization.

An Assessment of the Long-Term Durability of Concrete in Radioactive Waste Repositories

1985 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Atkinson ◽  
D. J. Goult ◽  
J. A. Hearne
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Radioactive Waste ◽  
Concrete Slab ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Preliminary Assessment ◽  
Reinforced Concrete Slab ◽  
Radioactive Waste Repositories ◽  
Waste Repositories ◽  
Durability Of Concrete

AbstractA preliminary assessment of the long-term durability of concrete in a repository sited in clay is presented. The assessment is based on recorded experience of concrete structures and both field and laboratory studies. It is also supported by results of the examination of a concrete sample which had been buried in clay for 43 years.The enoineering lifetime of a 1 m thick reinforced concrete slab, with one face in contact with clay, and the way in which pH in the repository as a whole is likely to vary with time have both been estimated from available data. The estimates indicate that engineering lifetimes of about 103 years are expected (providing that sulphate resisting cement is used) and that pH is likely to remain above 10.5 for about 106 years.

Leaching of Am-241 from a Radioactive Waste Glass Corroded in the Presence of Stainless Steel Corrosion Products and/or Bentonite

1987 ◽  
Vol 112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masaki Tsukamoto ◽  
Inga-Kari Björner ◽  
Hilbert Christensen ◽  
Hans-Peter Hermansson ◽  
Lars Werme
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Radioactive Waste ◽  
Mass Loss ◽  
Total Mass ◽  
Corrosion Behaviour ◽  
Steel Corrosion ◽  
Waste Glass ◽  
Corrosion Products ◽  
Total Mass Loss ◽  
Elemental Mass

AbstractThe release of Am-241 during corrosion of the radioactive waste glass, JSS-A, has been studied in the presence of corrosion products and/or uncom-pacted bentonite. The corrosion behaviour of Am-241 has been analyzed using gamma spectrometry. Adsorption of Am-241 on bentonite is observed in all cases. The contents of Am-241 in centrifuged leachates are in most cases less than 1/100 of total values. The normalized elemental mass loss of Am increases initially with corrosion time, and the values in the presence of bentonite and corrosion products are larger than those in the presence of bentonite alone. This tendency is in agreement with results previously found for other elements. The release of Am is low, only about 10–20 % of the corresponding total mass loss.

LONG TERM EFFECTS OF THYROID STIMULATING HORMONE AND INSULIN ON INTRACELLULAR pH IN FRTL-5 CELLS

1992 ◽  
Vol 133 (2) ◽  
pp. R9-R11
Author(s):  
A.M. Wood ◽  
S.P. Bidey ◽  
J. Soden ◽  
W.R. Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Intracellular Ph ◽  
Small Groups ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Ph Sensitive ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Bicarbonate Ions ◽  
Chronic Effects ◽  
Petri Dishes ◽  
Presence And Absence

ABSTRACT We have studied the chronic effects of TSH (100μU/ml) and insulin (10μg/ml) on intracellular pH (pHi) in FRTL-5 cells using the pH sensitive probe 2′7-bis (2-carboxyethyl-5′-6′) carboxyfluorescein. FRTL-5 cells were cultured on Petri dishes either in the presence of 4H, ie. Coons F-12 containing cortisol (10nM), transferrin (0.5μg/ml), glycyl-histidyl lysine acetate (10ng/ml) and somatostatin (10μg/ml), or with 4H+insulin (5H), 4H+TSH, or 4H+TSH+insulin (6H). pHi was measured in small groups of cells by microspectrofluorimetry both in the presence and absence of bicarbonate ions after cells had been deprived of serum for at least a day. In

scholarly journals Mineralogical, numerical and analytical studies of the coupled oxidation of pyrite and coal

2003 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 381-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. A. Evans ◽  
C. J. Gandy ◽  
S. A. Banwart
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Transport ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Pyrite Oxidation ◽  
Spoil Heap ◽  
Reaction Fronts ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Magnitude Variation ◽  
Discharge Chemistry ◽  
Analytical Expressions

Mineralogical, bulk and field leachate compositions are used to identify important processes governing the evolution of discharges from a coal spoil heap in County Durham. These processes are incorporated into a numerical one-dimensional advective-kinetic reactive transport model which reproduces field results, including gas compositions, to within an order of magnitude. Variation of input parameters allows the effects of incorrect initial assumptions on elemental profiles and discharge chemistry to be assessed. Analytical expressions for widths and speeds of kinetic reaction fronts are developed and used to predict long-term development of mineralogical distribution within the heap. Results are consistent with observations from the field site. Pyrite oxidation is expected to dominate O2 consumption in spoil heaps on the decadal timescale, although C oxidation may stabilize contaminants in effluents on the centennial scale.

Coupled transport-reaction modeling of the long-term interaction between iron, bentonite and Callovo-Oxfordian claystone in radioactive waste confinement systems

2014 ◽  
Vol 101 ◽  
pp. 430-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viet V. Ngo ◽  
Manuella Delalande ◽  
Alain Clément ◽  
Nicolas Michau ◽  
Bertrand Fritz
Keyword(s):  
Radioactive Waste ◽  
Coupled Transport ◽  
Transport Reaction
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