Ceramic Technoindgy and Problems of Social Evolution in Southwestern Iran

1988 ◽  
Vol 123 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. James Blackman
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Change ◽  
Social Evolution ◽  
Ceramic Technology ◽  
Technological Evolution ◽  
Production Methods ◽  
The World ◽  
Technological Data ◽  
Culture Process ◽  
Southwestern Iran ◽  
Technology Of Production

The use of the technology of manufacture of a class of artifacts as data to address questions of culture process {social evolution} is fraught with pitfalls. This is especially true with ceramic technology. The study of this type of artifact begins with a basic circularity for most prehistoric periods in most areas of the world. Many prehistoric chronologies are based on the most abundant and durable artifact, ceramics. Periods or phases are, to a large extent, defined by similarities in form, style, and production methods of these ceramics. Therefore using more refined assessments of the technology of production to assess changes occurring between periods or phases and to infer cultural change is merely reaffirming the cornequences, and reinforcing an image of abrupt step wise progression. This image is of little help in understanding the inner causes and dynamics of social or technological evolution. The use of more refined ceramic technological data to test the validity of a chronology based on ceramic data must be used with great caution.

scholarly journals The True Cost of Sugar: Economic trade-offs in conventional, organic and Fairtrade sugarcane and sugar beet production.

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joris den Boer ◽  
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Environmental Aspects ◽  
Production Methods ◽  
Literature Research ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
The World ◽  
Single Production ◽  
Economic Criteria

Sugar is an important economic commodity that is produced and consumed around the world. The impacts of different production methods differ on social, economic and environmental aspects. This research focuses on the economic trade- offs in conventional, organic and Fairtrade sugarcane production in India and sugar beet production in the Netherlands. Previous research provides insights into single production methods, but a complete comparison between different production methods is currently lacking. Data was collected using both literature research and interviews in the Netherlands and India. After developing a Multi-Criteria Analysis, it is concluded that organic sugarcane and Fairtrade sugarcane rank slightly higher than conventional sugarcane on the economic criteria. However, conventional sugar beet and organic sugar beet rank higher on all economic aspects, with conventional sugar beet ranking the highest. The main differences between the production methods can be seen in the innovation, and to a lesser extent the in the production.

scholarly journals Uruguay, 1968. Algunas líneas de análisis derivadas del estudio de la protesta estudiantil en un país periférico

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-143
Author(s):  
Vania Markarian
Keyword(s):  
Social Movements ◽  
Political Parties ◽  
Political Participation ◽  
Cultural Change ◽  
Student Movement ◽  
Political Polarization ◽  
The World ◽  
Growing Body ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Cycles Of Protest

This paper – focused on a deep analysis of the student movement that occupied the streets of Montevideo in 1968 – aims at proposing some analytical lines to understand this and other contemporary cycles of protest in different places of the world. After locating these events in a wide geography characterized both by political acceleration and the dramatic display of cultural change, four relevant themes in the growing body of literature on the «global Sixties» are raised. First, it is addressed the relationship between social movements and groups or political parties in these «short cycles» of protest. Second, the idea that violence was rather a catalyzer of political innovation rather than the result of political polarization is proposed. Third, it breaks down the diversity of possible links between culture, in a broad sense, and the forms of political participation in youth mobilizations. Finally, it can be more rewarding to look at different scales of analysis of these processes, from the strictly national to the transnational circulation of ideas and people.

Customer Relationship Management through Communication Strategy

2012 ◽  
pp. 145-155
Author(s):  
Abdel Moneim M. B. Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rates ◽  
Communication Strategy ◽  
Customer Relationship ◽  
Production Methods ◽  
Competitive Edge ◽  
The World ◽  
Low Costs ◽  
Business Changes ◽  
Communication Methods ◽  
Future Business

Changes in today’s organisations are often necessary for survival due to the world becoming smaller and the threat from foreign imports becoming more apparent to businesses. Often the most damaging element of this foreign threat is the low costs at which they can operate. Many factors, including inexpensive labour, exchange rates and economies, make production more efficient and reduce the overall costs significantly to enable a significant competitive edge. For example, Fibres is a polyester manufacturer who faces this threat and has realised the need for change towards more speciality products with differentials other than price. However, this will involve major changes in production, including the production methods and the adoption of TQM to ensure that the differential of quality is utilized. This paper examines communication as an enabler for change and studies the current communication methods within the company against the desired improvement processes from groups within those companies, culminating in a targeted internal marketing strategy to aid future business changes.

Introduction: Comparative Perspectives on Islamisation

Islamisation ◽  
2017 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
A. C. S. Peacock
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
South Asia ◽  
Cultural Change ◽  
Popular Media ◽  
Seventh Century ◽  
The World ◽  
Populated State ◽  
Muslim Majority ◽  
Almost All

The Arab conquests of the Middle East and much of North Africa and Central Asia in the seventh century mark the beginning of a process of religious and cultural change which ultimately resulted in the present Muslim-majority populations of almost all of these regions (see Figure 1.1). Yet the countries with the greatest Muslim populations today exist outside the Middle East in South Asia (India, Pakistan and Bangladesh) and in Southeast Asia, where Indonesia constitutes the largest Muslim-populated state in the world. Islam spread far into Africa and Europe too, and significant Muslim populations also arose in parts of the world which remained mostly non-Muslim, such as China and Ethiopia. This spread of Islam is often referred to as ‘Islamisation’, a term widespread in scholarship and in recent times in more popular media.

Sustainable Development in the 2001 WTO Doha Round Debates and Beyond

2021 ◽  
pp. 145-158
Author(s):  
Marie-Claire Cordonier Segger
Keyword(s):  
World Trade ◽  
Dispute Settlement ◽  
Dispute Settlement Mechanism ◽  
Production Methods ◽  
Environmental Goods ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
The World ◽  
Environmental Considerations ◽  
Settlement Mechanism ◽  
Doha Declaration

In this chapter, it is argued that in the 2001 Doha Declaration launching the new trade negotiations and in subsequent dispute settlement decisions, the World Trade Organization (WTO) member States and dispute settlement mechanism (DSM) have made small steps to integrate social and environmental considerations into the work of the WTO, but progress is limited. In particular, certain exemptions have been expanded and clarified (more through subsequent disputes than through negotiations), States have agreed on frameworks for negotiations that could both liberalize trade in environmental goods and services and reduce subsidies that encourage over-fishing, and potentially also encourage greater cooperation on trade-related environment and social development challenges. Influential WTO disputes are canvassed, and concerns with regards to process and production methods (PPMs) and related technology transfer opportunities are discussed briefly. It is also demonstrated that these steps, as critiqued in legal scholarship, reveal real limits to the WTO’s progress.

Living in a Changing World

2019 ◽  
pp. 786-818 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huajian Cai ◽  
Zihang Huang ◽  
Yiming Jing
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Cultural Change ◽  
Dynamic Process ◽  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Social Indicators ◽  
Cultural Products ◽  
Human Culture ◽  
The World ◽  
External Forces

Abstract: Over recent decades, massive socioeconomic development and accelerated globalization have led to substantial changes in human culture and psychology. In this chapter, the authors identify a general trend of human cultural change around the globe: individualism has been increasing whereas collectivism has been decreasing. This trend is manifested in diverse social indicators, cultural products, daily practices, and various domains of psychology including cognition, personality, attitudes and values, and human development. Cultural change, however, is not linear. Economic depression as well as other external forces such as disaster and pandemic may interfere with it; some aspects of cultural heritage may also endure over the course of modernization, and multicultural societies are burgeoning around the world. Our review highlights that culture is not a static construct but a dynamic process. Future studies may extend the content and scope of our current research, explore processes and mechanisms underlying cultural change, and examine how individuals, organizations, and governments cope with this change.

Introduction

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Crawford Gribben
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Old Testament ◽  
Cultural Change ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Political Movements ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The World ◽  
Christian Reconstruction ◽  
Christian Influence ◽  
Northern Idaho

The Introduction describes the revitalization of one of the most controversial religious and political movements in recent American history. During a period of significant demographic and cultural change, a large number of religious and political conservatives have migrated into the Pacific Northwest. Many of these migrants are influenced by the claims of Christian Reconstruction, or “theonomy.” From their base in northern Idaho, these latter-day theonomists are developing the work of R. J. Rushdoony, Gary North, and others of the first generation of the writers of Christian Reconstruction, reiterating their optimistic view of the future, an eschatological position known as postmillennialism, as well as their expectation that the expansion of Christian influence around the world will be marked by changes in government and by a widespread return to the demands of Old Testament law.

17. Political culture

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Welzel ◽  
Ronald Inglehart
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Political Culture ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Cultural Change ◽  
Comparative Politics ◽  
The Political ◽  
Democratic Citizen ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Political Economy Approach

This chapter examines the role that the concept of political culture plays in comparative politics. In particular, it considers how the political culture field increases our understanding of the social roots of democracy and how these roots are transforming through cultural change. In analysing the inspirational forces of democracy, key propositions of the political culture approach are compared with those of the political economy approach. The chapter first provides and overview of cultural differences around the world before tracing the historical roots of the political culture concept. It then tackles the question of citizens' democratic maturity and describes the allegiance model of the democratic citizen. It also explores party–voter dealignment, the assertive model of the democratic citizen, and political culture in non-democracies. It concludes with an assessment of how trust, confidence, and social capital increase a society's capacity for collective action.

Between Modernity and Nostalgia: The Meanings of Death in Hotels

2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 466-478
Author(s):  
Ulrike Zitzlsperger
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Change ◽  
Cultural Criticism ◽  
The Public ◽  
Symbolic Structure ◽  
The World ◽  
Responding To Change ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Joseph Roth

Abstract This article takes its cue from the public impact of the deaths of singers, artists and writers in hotels. Particular attention is paid to the murder of Nancy Spungen in New York’s Chelsea Hotel, in 1978. A long tradition of literary and filmic hotel deaths shows similarly strong links with contemporary cultures – illustrating political, social or cultural change and questioning the impact of modernity. However, as well as responding to change, death in the context of hotels is also linked with nostalgia for an irretrievable past. Such are the two poles of cultural criticism in the topos of hotel deaths: they throw modernity into relief, celebrating or criticizing it through the symbolic structure of the hotel; or they inculcate a warm nostalgia, in critical opposition to the world outside on the street. The individual authors and directors under consideration here in exploring these points include Joseph Roth, Vicki Baum, F. W. Murnau, Giuseppi Tomasi di Lampedusa and Friedrich Glauser, highlighting the importance of the theme straddling American and European cultures.

PHASE VOLUME OF THE PERCEPTION TO REALITY: DETERMINANTS AND FACILITIES OF THE EXPRESSION

2020 ◽  
pp. 93-98
Author(s):  
Andrey Bragin
Keyword(s):  
Social Evolution ◽  
Ultimate Reality ◽  
Phase Volume ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The World

The article is devoted to problem of revision of the borders of the range (the phase volume) and adequacy of the perception of the world in speaker long disheveled locks of universe-social evolution of the man. It is shown that in man’s perception volume is conditioned by the physiological organization as well as by its place in the cosmos and the Earth biosphere. The accent is made on discovery determinant conditioning given range of the perception and facility of the expression available perception to information. It is revealed that the modeling of reality becomes more abstract and clear, but less concrete, adequate to the «ultimate reality» with its blurred forms.

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