Microstructure and Elastic Properties of Dental Resin and Resin-Based Glass-Reinforced Composites: XRD, SEM and Ultrasonic Methods

1987 ◽  
Vol 110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Surendra Singh ◽  
J. Lawrence Katz ◽  
J. Antonucci ◽  
R. W. Penn ◽  
J. A. Tesk
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Properties ◽  
High Stress ◽  
Reinforced Composites ◽  
Ultrasonic Velocities ◽  
Dental Resin ◽  
Transmission Method ◽  
Buoyant Force ◽  
Ultrasonic Methods ◽  
Young’S Moduli ◽  
Glass Reinforced Composites

AbstractThe load-bearing ability of dental restorative materials under cyclic high-stress applications depends upon mechanical properties established by the composition and microstructure. The microstructure and the elastic properties of neat resin and two resin-based glass-reinforced composites have been studied. The microstructure of these materials has been examined using x-ray diffractometry (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) including energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS). The elastic properties, i.e., Young's, shear and bulk moduli and Poisson's ratio were determined from ultrasonic velocities and densities. The ultrasonic velocities were measured using a pulse-through transmission method; density was measured using a buoyant force method. These studies showed that: (1) these materials have amorphous structures; (2) these materials have Young's moduli of the order of 20 GPa, and (3) the silane couplant apparently did not significantly affect the elastic properties of these resin-based composites.

Nondestructive Characterization of Beryllium Effects on Ni-Cr Dental Alloy Elastic Properties and Microstructure: Ultrasonics, X-Ray Diffractometry, Scanning Electron Microscopy and Wavelength Dispersive Spectrometry

1988 ◽  
Vol 142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Surendra Singh ◽  
J. Lawrence Katz ◽  
B. S. Rosenblatt
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Elastic Properties ◽  
Ultrasonic Pulse ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Transmission Method ◽  
Buoyant Force ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Wavelength Dispersive Spectrometry ◽  
Scanning Electron

AbstractKnowledge of structure-properties relationship is a key factor in the development and improvement of new and existing metal alloys through manipulation in their chemical-compositions. In this study, the elastic properties and microstructure of cast Ni-Cr-Be and Ni-Cr dental alloys were studied. The elastic properties, i.e., Young's, shear and bulk moduli and Poisson's ratios, were determined using measurements on the ultrasonic velocities and densities. Both the shear and the longitudinal (dilatational) velocities were measured using an ultrasonic pulse-through-transmission method; density was measured using a buoyant force method. In microstructure, crystallinity, porosity, particle-size and quantitative elemental compositions were studied using x-ray diffractometry (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and wavelength dispersive spectrometry (WDS) respectively. These results show that: (1) the addition of Be increased significantly the alloy's elastic moduli and Poisson's ratio; and (2) the presence of Be in Ni-Cr alloy also significantly modified its microstructure by producing a second binary phase, Ni-Be, in eutectic areas.

Bulk Ultrasonic Techniques for Evaluation of Elastic Properties

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dale Chimenti ◽  
Stanislav Rokhlin ◽  
Peter Nagy
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Properties ◽  
Elastic Constants ◽  
Fatigue Testing ◽  
Pulse Length ◽  
Ultrasonic Pulse ◽  
Ultrasonic Waves ◽  
Ultrasonic Velocities ◽  
Space Length ◽  
Ultrasonic Methods ◽  
Wave Methods

Currently, the design of most composite components is based on stiffness, and therefore methods for static measurement of stiffness are in wide use. The disadvantages of these methods lie in their destructive nature (the samples must be cut from parts of different orientations), in the difficulty of measuring shear properties, and in the need for extra care when measuring Young’s modulus in off-axis directions. Ultrasonic methods are more accurate and have higher spatial resolution than static measurements. As we showed in Chapter 2, by measuring ultrasonic velocities in several predefined directions, all elastic constants can be determined. The generic method described there is also destructive, however, requiring cutting numerous samples with appropriate fiber orientation. Specialized nondestructive methods for determining the elastic moduli of composite materials are more powerful and they can be applied to composite coupons before, during, and after strength or fatigue testing. It is important to have a fast and inexpensive technique to estimate input parameters for composite design. It is even more important to have a technique to evaluate composites during service to verify that the manufactured elastic stiffnesses match those assumed in the design. Several methods that utilize bulk ultrasonic waves for measurement of composite elastic constants are considered in this chapter. By bulk wave methods, we mean quasilongitudinal and quasitransverse ultrasonic wave velocity measurement methods that are applicable when the sample thickness h is larger than both the ultrasonic pulse space length τV and the wavelength λ (τ is the ultrasonic pulse length in time, and V is the wave speed). Other methods, which are applicable in the range h < τV and which account for wave interference with the boundaries of the specimen, will be considered in the following chapters. The most promising way to evaluate composite elastic properties nondestructively is to measure ultrasonic velocities in different directions in the composite material and reconstruct the elastic constants from these values using some kind of an inversion technique. One possible method has been suggested by Markham in the 1970s, who used ultrasonic waves obliquely incident from water onto a composite plate to measure ultrasonic velocities in various directions and evaluated the results to determine elastic constants.

Mechanical Properties of Basement Membrane

Physiology ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
LW Welling ◽  
MT Zupka ◽  
DJ Welling
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Basement Membrane ◽  
Elastic Properties ◽  
Safety Margin ◽  
Basement Membranes ◽  
Alveolar Wall ◽  
Renal Tubules ◽  
Young’S Moduli

Basement membranes from renal tubules, capillaries, venules, and pulmonary alveolar wall all have remarkably similar elastic properties and Young's moduli. Strength and safety margin, however, are far smaller in the alveolar wall, perhaps as a result of its complexity of design.

scholarly journals Depositional and Diagenetic Controls on Macroscopic Acoustic and Geomechanical Behaviors in Wufeng-Longmaxi Formation Shale

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jixin Deng ◽  
Chongyi Wang ◽  
Qun Zhao ◽  
Wei Guo ◽  
Genyang Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Properties ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Elastic Behavior ◽  
Compositional Variation ◽  
Primary Control ◽  
Longmaxi Formation ◽  
Young’S Moduli ◽  
Splitting Failure ◽  
Quartz Cement ◽  
Geochemical Analyses

This integrated study provides significant insight into parameters controlling the dynamic and static elastic behaviors of shale. Acoustic and geomechanical behaviors measurement from laboratory have been coupled with detailed petrographic and geochemical analyses, and microtexture observations on shale samples from the Wufeng−Longmaxi Formation of the southeast Sichuan Basin. The major achievement is the establishment of the link between depositional environment and the subsequent microtexture development, which exerts a critical influence on the elastic properties of the shale samples. Microtexture and compositional variation between upper and lower sections of the Wufeng−Longmaxi Formation show that the former undergoes normal mechanical and chemical compaction to form clay supported matrices with apparent heterogonous mechanical interfaces between rigid clasts and the aligned clay fabric. Samples from lower sections exhibited a microcrystalline quartz-supported matrix with a homogeneous mechanical interface arising from syn-depositional reprecipitation of biogenic quartz cement. This type of microtexture transition exerts primary control on elastic behavior of the shale samples. A clear “V” shaped trend observed from acoustic velocities and static Young’s moduli document contrasting roles played by microtexture, porosity and organic matter in determining elastic properties. Samples with a quartz-supported matrix exhibit elastic deformation and splitting failure modes. The increment of the continuous biogenic quartz cemented medium with limited mechanic interface. By contrast, samples showing a predominantly clay-supported matrix exhibited more signs of plastic deformation reflecting heterogeneous mechanical interfaces at grain boundaries.

Role of graphene in enhancing the mechanical properties of TiO2/graphene heterostructures

Nanoscale ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (32) ◽  
pp. 11678-11684 ◽  
Author(s):  
Changhong Cao ◽  
Sankha Mukherjee ◽  
Jian Liu ◽  
Biqiong Wang ◽  
Maedeh Amirmaleki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
High Stress ◽  
Failure Initiation ◽  
Young’S Moduli ◽  
Strong Adhesion

The inclusion of graphene in TiO2/graphene hetero-films is shown to exhibit strong adhesion and enable films to sustain high stress at the point of failure initiation as well as significantly enhance their Young's moduli for films below 3 nm.

A Study of the Elastic Properties of the Polymer PLA by Static and Ultrasonic Methods

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 375-380
Author(s):  
A. I. Korobov ◽  
A. I. Kokshaiskii ◽  
E. S. Mikhalev ◽  
N. I. Odina ◽  
N. V. Shirgina
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Properties ◽  
Ultrasonic Methods
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