The Effect of Microbial Activity on the Containment of Radioactive Waste in a Deep Geological Repository

1981 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia M. West ◽  
Ian G. Mckinley ◽  
Neil A. Chapman
Keyword(s):  
Radioactive Waste ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Geological Repository ◽  
Background Data ◽  
Radioactive Waste Repositories ◽  
High Level ◽  
Waste Repositories ◽  
Geological Formations

Much effort is currently centred on the construction of elaborate computer programs to model the release to the biosphere of radionuclides from proposed high level radioactive waste repositories in deep geological formations. Although the lack or poor quality of background data is often emphasised, it is generally considered that by examining a wide range of possible values of the important parameters involved, likely processes are assessed or their omission and possible relevence is acknowledged.

Intracoin - An International Nuclide Transport Code Intercomparison Study

1981 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Andersson ◽  
B. Grundfelt ◽  
J. Hadermann
Keyword(s):  
Extreme Environments ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Radioactive Waste Repositories ◽  
High Level ◽  
Intercomparison Study ◽  
Micro Organisms ◽  
Hostile Environments ◽  
Waste Repositories ◽  
Geological Formations

Much effort is currently centred on the construction of elaborate computer programs to model the release to the biosphere of radionuclides from proposed high level radioactive waste repositories in deep geological formations. Although the lack or poor quality of background data is often emphasised, it is generally considered that by examining a wide range of possible values of the important parameters involved, likely processes are assessed or their omission and possible relevence is acknowledged. However, one factor that has been almost totally ignored is the presence of micro-organisms in deep geological formations. The common assumption is that the biosphere is limited to the earth's surface, and soil to a depth of a few metres. Recent research has shown, however, that viable micro-organisms can inhabit deep groundwaters and that the biosphere can extend to depths of at least 5 km. Examples of organisms tolerant to extreme environments are given in Table 1 although ranges are likely to be conservative due to the difficulties of culturing these organisms, which tend to have exotic nutritional requirements, and sampling them in extremely hostile environments.

Appraisal of waveform repeatability for crosshole and hole-to-tunnel seismic monitoring of radioactive waste repositories

Geophysics ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 75 (5) ◽  
pp. Q21-Q34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Marelli ◽  
Edgar Manukyan ◽  
Hansruedi Maurer ◽  
Stewart A. Greenhalgh ◽  
Alan G. Green
Keyword(s):  
Radioactive Waste ◽  
Damage Zone ◽  
P Wave ◽  
Frequency Noise ◽  
Coherent Noise ◽  
High Level Radioactive Waste ◽  
Seismic Waveform ◽  
Radioactive Waste Repositories ◽  
High Level ◽  
Waste Repositories

Countries worldwide are seeking solutions for the permanent removal of high-level radioactive waste from the environment. Surrounding the waste with multiple engineered barriers and emplacement in deep geological repositories is widely accepted as a safe means of isolating it from the biosphere for the necessary [Formula: see text]. As a precautionary measure, society demands that repositories be monitored for [Formula: see text] after they are backfilled and sealed. Effective monitoring that does not compromise the engineered and natural barriers is challenging. To address this issue, we investigate the viability of crosshole and hole-to-tunnel seismic methods for remotely monitoring high level radioactive waste repositories. Measurements are made at two underground rock laboratories in Switzerland, one within granitic rock and one within clay-rich sediments. Numerical simulations demonstrate that temporal changes of the monitored features (i.e., bentonite plug, excavation damage zone, sand-filled microtunnel) should produce significant changes in the seismicwaveforms. Nevertheless, inversion for medium-property changes requires that true seismic waveform changes are not overwhelmed by recording variations. We find that a P-wave sparker source is highly repeatable up to frequencies of [Formula: see text] for propagation distances out to tens of meters involved in repository-scale monitoring. Hydrophone repeatability is limited by incoherent high frequency noise and variable hydrophone-borehole coupling conditions, but firmly grouted geophones within the tunnels yield consistent recordings. Three kinds of coherent noise contaminate the data: (1) mechanically induced electrical effects in the hydrophone chains; (2) high currents in the sparker cable, which cause it to oscillate radially as a line source; and (3) tube waves. Our investigations outline a quantitative methodology to assess data-quality requirements for successful monitoring. We suggest that full waveform seismic tomography can be used to monitor radioactive waste emplacement tunnels, provided that careful attention is paid to instrument fidelity and noise suppression.

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