Optimization of Si:C Source and Drain Formed by Post-Epi Implant and Activation Anneal: Experimental and Theoretical Analysis of Dopant Diffusion and C Evolution in High-C Si:C Epi Layers

2008 ◽  
Vol 1070 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yonah Cho ◽  
Victor Moroz ◽  
Nikolas Zographos ◽  
Sunderraj Thirupapuliyur ◽  
Lucien Date ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Compact Modeling ◽  
Dopant Diffusion ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Thermal Budget ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Layer Analysis ◽  
Physical Effects ◽  
Spike Anneal ◽  
High Level ◽  
Diffusion Profiles

ABSTRACTExperimental and simulated P and As dopant diffusion profiles in Si:C epi films containing high C (>1 atomic %) are presented. A new set of physical effects were incorporated to accurately model P or As diffusion in the presence of high level of C. Evolution of substitutional C (Csub) profile in the Si:C epi film through dopant implant and activation anneal was characterized by high-resolution x-ray diffraction (HRXRD) technique. Three-layer analysis was utilized to obtain non-uniform Csub profile. Dependency of Csub retention on anneal thermal budget is studied. It is shown the initial Csub in the epi layer is lost during dopant implantation and conventional spike anneal sequence. Use of advanced millisecond (ms) laser anneal resulted in near 100% Csub retention in P-implanted Si:C epi film without compromising junction depth. Measured Csub (by HRXRD) and total C (by SIMS) profiles are compared with the ones predicted by the newly developed compact modeling in this study.

scholarly journals Shape Tuning of Magnetite Nanoparticles Obtained by Hydrothermal Synthesis: Effect of Temperature

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nayely Torres-Gómez ◽  
Osvaldo Nava ◽  
Liliana Argueta-Figueroa ◽  
René García-Contreras ◽  
Armando Baeza-Barrera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Nanoparticle Synthesis ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Pure Phase ◽  
High Level ◽  
Shape Tuning ◽  
Magnetite Phase

In this work, we present a simple and efficient method for pure phase magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticle synthesis. The phase structure, particle shape, and size of the samples were characterized by Raman spectroscopy (Rm), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The morphology tuning was controlled by the temperature of the reaction; the nanoparticles were synthesized via the hydrothermal method at 120°C, 140°C, and 160°C, respectively. The Rm and XRD spectra showed that all the nanoparticles were Fe3O4 in a pure magnetite phase. The obtained nanoparticles exhibited a high level of crystallinity with uniform morphology at each temperature, as can be observed through TEM and SEM. These magnetic nanoparticles exhibited good saturation magnetization and the resulting shapes were quasi-spheres, octahedrons, and cubes. The samples showed striking magnetic properties, which were examined by a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). It has been possible to obtain a good morphological control of nanostructured magnetite in a simple, economical, and scalable method by adjusting the temperature, without the modification of any other synthesis parameter.

Effect of Li, Fe, and B Addition on the Crystallization Behavior of Sodium Aluminosilicate Glasses as Analogues for Hanford High Level Waste Glasses

MRS Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (10) ◽  
pp. 549-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Marcial ◽  
Mostafa Ahmadzadeh ◽  
John S. McCloy
Keyword(s):  
Function Analysis ◽  
High Level Waste ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
High Sodium ◽  
Chemical Ordering ◽  
Sodium Aluminosilicate ◽  
Aluminosilicate Glasses ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
High Level

ABSTRACTCrystallization of aluminosilicates during the conversion of Hanford high-level waste (HLW) to glass is a function of the composition of the glass-forming melt. In high-sodium, high-aluminum waste streams, the crystallization of nepheline (NaAlSiO4) removes chemically durable glass-formers from the melt, leaving behind a residual melt that is enriched in less durable components, such as sodium and boron. We seek to further understand the effect of lithium, boron, and iron addition on the crystallization of model silicate glasses as analogues for the complex waste glass. Boron and iron behave as glass intermediates which allow for crystallization when present in low additions but frustrate crystallization in high additions. In this work, we seek to compare the average structures of quenched and heat treated glasses through Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, vibrating sample magnetometry, and X-ray pair distribution function analysis. The endmembers of this study are feldspathoid-like (LiAlSiO4, NaAlSiO4, NaBSiO4, and NaFeSiO4), pyroxene-like (LiAlSi2O6, NaAlSi2O6, NaBSi2O6, and NaFeSi2O6), and feldspar-like (LiAlSi3O8, NaAlSi3O8, NaBSi3O8, and NaFeSi3O8). Such a comparison will provide further insight on the complex relationship between the average chemical ordering and topology of glass on crystallization.

Cold Crucible Vitrification of U-bearing SRS SB4 HLW Surrogate

2010 ◽  
Vol 1265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergey Stefanovsky ◽  
Alexander Ptashkin ◽  
Oleg Knyazev ◽  
Olga Stefanovsky ◽  
James C Marra
Keyword(s):  
High Level Waste ◽  
Cold Crucible ◽  
Savannah River ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Alumina Crucible ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Xrd Study ◽  
Processing Facility ◽  
High Level ◽  
River Site

AbstractSavannah River Site Defense Waste Processing Facility (DWPF) Sludge Batch 4 (SB4) high level waste (HLW) simulant at 55 wt % waste loading was produced in the demountable cold crucible and cooled to room temperature in the cold crucible. Appreciable losses of Cs, S and Cl took place during the melting. A second glass sample was subjected to canister centerline cooling (CCC) regime in an alumina crucible in a resistive furnace. X-ray diffraction (XRD) study showed that the glass blocks were composed of vitreous and spinel structure phases. No separate U-bearing phases were found.

Biosorption of Zn(II) from Aqueous Solution by Amusium pleuronectes Shell

2016 ◽  
Vol 675-676 ◽  
pp. 7-10
Author(s):  
K. Chantarasunthon ◽  
Kanyakorn Teanchai ◽  
Wichian Siriprom
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Physical Adsorption ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Batch Method ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
X Ray ◽  
High Level

In this study, the experimental investigation and assessment the absorption capacity for Zn ion with Amusium Pleuronectes shell. The investigations were carried out by batch method and variables of the batch experiment include solution pH, Contact time, were determind. The mechanism of bisorption is chemisorption or/and physical adsorption was confirmed by X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence (EDXRF). The results showed that the Amusium Pleuronectes shell has a high level of absorption capacity for Zn (II) ions. Another that result of mechanism of biosorption suggests and confirm with the result of XRD and EDXRF.

Evaporative Evolution of Brines from Synthetic Topopah Spring Tuff Pore Water, Yucca Mountain, NV

2002 ◽  
Vol 757 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maureen Alai ◽  
Susan Carroll
Keyword(s):  
Pore Water ◽  
Yucca Mountain ◽  
Nuclear Waste Repository ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
High Level Nuclear Waste ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
High Level ◽  
Topopah Spring Tuff

ABSTRACTWe are investigating the evaporation of pore water representative of the designated high-level-nuclear-waste repository at Yucca Mountain, NV to predict the range of brine compositions that may contact waste containers. These brines could form potentially corrosive thin films on the containers and impact their long-term integrity. Here we report the geochemistry of a relatively complex synthetic Topopah Spring Tuff pore water that was progressively evaporated in a series of experiments. The experiments were conducted in a vented vessel in which HEPA filtered air flowed over the 95°C solution. Samples of the evaporating solution and the condensed vapor were taken and analyzed to determine the evolving water chemistry and gas volatility. The final solid was analyzed by X-ray diffraction.The synthetic Topopah Spring Tuff water evolved towards a complex brine that contained about 45 mol % Cl, 7 mol% NO3, 43 mol% Na, 4 mol % K, and less than 1 mol % each of SO4, Ca, Mg, HCO3 and Si. Trends in the solution data and identification of CaSO4 solids suggest that fluorite, carbonate, sulfate, and Mg-silicate precipitation minimize the corrosion potential of “sulfate type pore water” by removing F, Ca, and Mg during the early stages of evaporation.

Effect of Detector Width and Peak Location Technique on Residual Stress Determination in Case of Work-Hardened Materials

2006 ◽  
Vol 524-525 ◽  
pp. 755-760 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Belassel ◽  
Eliane Bocher ◽  
J. Pineault
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Surface Treatment ◽  
Work Hardening ◽  
Peak Position ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Analytical Treatment ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
High Level

To enhance the fatigue resistance of mechanical components, different surface treatment processes are often applied to put the near surface layer into compression. Surface treatment processes are typically associated with deformation and work-hardening of the material. When applying x-ray diffraction techniques to the characterization of such surfaces, the work-hardening will cause the x-ray diffraction peak width to increase. When peak widths reach high values, the peak tail may extend beyond the active area or window of the multichannel x-ray detector, in which case the peak is truncated. Subsequent analytical treatment of broad diffraction peaks is troublesome and advanced numerical methods are required to accurately determine the peak position. The following work indicates that when a wider detector is used it is possible to collect the full, non-truncated peak, determine the peak position with a high level of confidence and subsequently, to calculate the residual stress with much improved repeatability and reproducibility.

scholarly journals Interaction of Corroding Iron with Eight Bentonites in the Alternative Buffer Materials Field Experiment (ABM2)

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 907
Author(s):  
Paul Wersin ◽  
Jebril Hadi ◽  
Andreas Jenni ◽  
Daniel Svensson ◽  
Jean-Marc Grenèche ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Redox Reactions ◽  
Hard Rock ◽  
High Spatial Resolution ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Rock Laboratory ◽  
Reducing Conditions ◽  
Buffer Material ◽  
High Level ◽  
Redox Evolution

Bentonite, a common smectite-rich buffer material, is in direct contact with corroding steel in many high-level radioactive waste repository designs. The interaction of iron with the smectite-rich clay may affect its swelling and sealing properties by processes such as alteration, redox reactions and cementation. The chemical interactions were investigated by analysing the Fe/clay interfaces of eight bentonite blocks which had been exposed to temperatures up to 130 °C for five years in the ABM2 borehole at the Äspö Hard Rock Laboratory managed by the Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Co (SKB). Eleven interface samples were characterised by high spatial resolution methods, including scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and μ-Raman spectroscopy as well as by “bulk” methods X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence and 57Fe Mössbauer spectrometry. Corrosion induced an iron front of 5–20 mm into the bentonite, except for the high-Fe bentonite where no Fe increase was detected. This Fe front consisted mainly of ferric (oxyhydr)oxides in addition to the structural Fe in the smectite fraction which had been partially reduced by the interaction process. Fe(II) was also found to extend further into the clay, but its nature could not be identified. The consistent behaviour is explained by the redox evolution, which shifts from oxidising to reducing conditions during the experiment. No indication of smectite alteration was found.

Low thermal budget epitaxial lift off (ELO) for Ge (111)-on-insulator structure

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen-Hsin Chang ◽  
Hsien-Wen Wan ◽  
Yi-Ting Cheng ◽  
Yen-Hsun Glen Lin ◽  
Toshifumi IRISAWA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Thermal Budget ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Lift Off ◽  
Low Thermal Budget ◽  
3D Applications ◽  
Secondary Ion

Abstract Germanium-on-Insulator (GeOI) structures with the surface orientation of (111) have been successfully fabricated by using low thermal budget epitaxial-lift-off (ELO) technology via direct bonding and selective etching. The material characteristics and transport properties of the Ge(111)OI structure have been systematically investigated through secondary-ion mass spectrometry, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, high-resolution transmission electron microscope, and Hall measurement. The transferred Ge (111) layer remained almost intact from the as-grown epitaxial layers, indicating the benefits of ELO technology. The low thermal budget ELO technology demonstrated in this work is promising to integrate Ge channels with different surface orientations on Si (100) substrates for future monolithic 3D applications.

Phase Relations and Chemical Durability of Ceramics in the Pseudo-Binary System: CaZrTi2O7–GdAlO3

2003 ◽  
Vol 807 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. P. Mikhailenko ◽  
A. V. Ochkin ◽  
S. V. Stefanovsky ◽  
O. I. Kirjanova
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Binary System ◽  
Chemical Durability ◽  
Phase Relations ◽  
High Level Waste ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ceramic Samples ◽  
High Level ◽  
System 1

ABSTRACTPhase relations in a pseudo-binary system (1-x) CaZrTi2O7- x GdAlO3 suggested for immobilization of a zirconium - rare earth – actinide fraction of high level waste were studied with X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy. Zirconolite and perovskite were found to be major phases in the ceramic samples prepared by cold pressing and sintering at 1400 and 1500 °C. At relatively low perovskite content (x < 0.5) zirconolite is the major host for Gd, which is considered as a trivalent surrogate for Am and Cm. At higher perovskite content, perovskite becomes the major host for Gd. Zirconolite is the major host phase for corrosion products (Al, Fe, Ti, Zr). Leach rates of Gd, 238Pu, and 241Am from the ceramics studied are 10−4–10−5 g/(m2d).

Electrodeposition of Zinc from Binary ZnCl2-DMSO2 Molten Electrolyte at Room Temperature

2007 ◽  
Vol 62 (12) ◽  
pp. 754-760
Author(s):  
Chao-Chen Yang ◽  
Min-Fong Shu
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Electrochemical Behaviour ◽  
Close Packing ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Molten Electrolyte ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Molten Salt Electrolyte ◽  
High Level

The electrochemical behaviour of zinc on copper, platinum, and tungsten working electrodes was investigated in a binary ZnCl2-DMSO2 room temperature molten salt electrolyte in the temperature range of 60 - 80◦C. Various over-potentials, −0.1, −0.2, −0.3, −0.4, and −0.5 V, were chosen as deposition potentials. The nucleation/growth of zinc changed from progressive to instantaneous if the over-potentials increased from low to high level. The surface morphology and crystal structure of the deposited layer were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Moreover, larger grain size and hexagonal close packing of the zinc layer at −0.5 V were observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) with electron diffraction mapping.

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