Removal of Organic Phase in Alumina Parts by Thermal Treatment

2015 ◽  
Vol 1765 ◽  
pp. 17-22
Author(s):  
José J. Coronel-Hernández ◽  
Víctor M. Arellano-Badillo ◽  
José Santos-Cruz ◽  
Sandra A. Mayén-Hernández ◽  
Rocío Quintanar-Hernández
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Organic Phase ◽  
Organic Binder ◽  
Sintering Process ◽  
Favorable Conditions

ABSTRACTIn this work it was conducted a pre heat treatment of a number of samples of alumina with organic binder in order to remove most of the organic phase. The treatment showed no effect on the physical properties of test specimens; green bodies remained stable during sintering process. Preheating at 100 °C for 4 h followed by heating at 300 °C for 4 h were the most favorable conditions to avoid formation of defects in the sintered pieces.

scholarly journals Physico-Chemical Investigation of Endodontic Sealers Exposed to Simulated Intracanal Heat Application: Hydraulic Calcium Silicate-Based Sealers

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 728
Author(s):  
David Donnermeyer ◽  
Magdalena Ibing ◽  
Sebastian Bürklein ◽  
Iris Weber ◽  
Maximilian P. Reitze ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Film Thickness ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Calcium Silicate ◽  
Setting Time ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Chemical Changes ◽  
Time Flow ◽  
Heat Application

The aim of this study was to gain information about the effect of thermal treatment of calcium silicate-based sealers. BioRoot RCS (BR), Total Fill BC Sealer (TFBC), and Total Fill BC Sealer HiFlow (TFHF) were exposed to thermal treatment at 37 °C, 47 °C, 57 °C, 67 °C, 77 °C, 87 °C and 97 °C for 30 s. Heat treatment at 97 °C was performed for 60 and 180 s to simulate inappropriate application of warm obturation techniques. Thereafter, specimens were cooled to 37 °C and physical properties (setting time/flow/film thickness according to ISO 6876) were evaluated. Chemical properties (Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy) were assessed after incubation of the specimens in an incubator at 37 °C and 100% humidity for 8 weeks. Statistical analysis of physical properties was performed using the Kruskal-Wallis-Test (P = 0.05). The setting time, flow, and film thickness of TFBC and TFHF were not relevantly influenced by thermal treatment. Setting time of BR decreased slightly when temperature of heat application increased from 37 °C to 77 °C (P < 0.05). Further heat treatment of BR above 77 °C led to an immediate setting. FT-IR spectroscopy did not reveal any chemical changes for either sealers. Thermal treatment did not lead to any substantial chemical changes at all temperature levels, while physical properties of BR were compromised by heating. TFBC and TFHF can be considered suitable for warm obturation techniques.

scholarly journals Optimal Thermal Treatment for Effective Copper Recovery in Waste Printed Circuit Boards by Physical Separation: Influence of Temperature and Gas

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1213
Author(s):  
Boram Kim ◽  
Seongsoo Han ◽  
Seungsoo Park ◽  
Seongmin Kim ◽  
Minuk Jung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Mechanical Strength ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Printed Circuit Boards ◽  
Separation Efficiency ◽  
Size Fraction ◽  
Copper Recovery ◽  
Circuit Boards ◽  
Printed Circuit

Printed circuit boards (PCBs) are difficult to recycle because of the layered structure of non-metal (i.e., epoxy resin, glass fiber) and copper. In this work, we conducted a systematic investigation to effectively recover copper from PCB. A thermal treatment was employed for improving the crushing performance of PCB and conducted by varying the temperature and the gas. Then, the mechanical strength, degree of liberation (DL), and copper separation efficiency of the heat-treated and untreated PCBs were investigated. After heat treatment under a 300 °C air atmosphere, the mechanical strength of PCB decreased from 386.36 to 24.26 MPa, and copper liberation improved from 9.3% to 100% in the size range of a coarser size fraction (>1400 μm). Accordingly, when electrostatic separations were performed under these conditions, a high-Cu-grade concentrate and high recovery could be obtained. The results show that the change in the physical properties of the PCBs leads to an improvement in the DL following thermal decomposition at 300 °C in air. Our study elucidates the physical properties of PCBs and the DL under various heat treatment conditions. Furthermore, it shows that the heat treatment condition of 300 °C in air is ideal for recovering copper from the PCB.

scholarly journals Effects of Thermal Treatment on the Physical Properties of Edible Calcium Alginate Gel Beads: Response Surface Methodological Approach

Foods ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seonghui Kim ◽  
Chungeun Jeong ◽  
Suengmok Cho ◽  
Seon-Bong Kim
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Calcium Alginate ◽  
Rupture Strength ◽  
Heating Temperature ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Alginate Gel ◽  
Calcium Alginate Gel

Calcium alginate gel (CAG) has been widely investigated for the development of artificial foods; however, there are few studies on its thermal stability. This study aimed to monitor changes in the physical properties of CAG beads during heat treatment using response surface methodology. Heating temperature (X1, 40–100 °C) and heating time (X2, 5–60 min) were chosen as independent variables. The dependent variables were rupture strength (Y1, kPa), size (Y2, μm), and sphericity (Y3, %). The heating temperature (X1) was the independent variable that had a significant effect on the rupture strength (Y1) and size (Y2). Rupture strength (Y1) increased as the heating temperature (X1) increased; at the same time, the CAG beads size (Y2) decreased. With all conditions, the values of sphericity (Y3) were over 94%. SEM images revealed that increase in the rupture strength of the CAG beads by heat treatment resulted from their porous structures. Loss of moisture by syneresis, occurring with heat treatment, was judged to create a dense porous structure of CAG beads. Our findings offer useful information for cooking or sterilizing food products utilizing CAG beads. In addition, thermal treatment could be applied to produce hard CAG beads with a high rupture strength.

Impact of Heat Treatment on some Physical Properties of Thin CdZnS

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 362-365
Author(s):  
Iqbal S Naji ◽  
◽  
M.F.A.Alias M.F.A.Alias ◽  
Eman M Naser
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Physical Properties

CONDULOY

Alloy Digest ◽  
1953 ◽  
Vol 2 (10) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Copper Alloy ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Age Hardening ◽  
Beryllium Copper ◽  
Hardening Heat Treatment

Abstract CONDULOY is a low beryllium-copper alloy containing about 1.5% nickel. It responds to age-hardening heat treatment for improved mechanical properties. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties. It also includes information on casting, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: Cu-11. Producer or source: Brush Beryllium Company.

WHITE LIGHT-MF

Alloy Digest ◽  
1957 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
White Light ◽  
Base Alloy ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Age Hardening ◽  
Medium Strength ◽  
Extrusion Alloy ◽  
Hardening Heat Treatment

Abstract WHITE LIGHT-MF is a wrought magnesium-base alloy that does not respond to age-hardening heat treatment for increased hardness and strength. It is a general purpose extrusion alloy for applications where medium strength and economy are prime factors. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, elasticity, and tensile properties. It also includes information on forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: Mg-30. Producer or source: Whitelight Magnesium Division.

ALX ALLOY

Alloy Digest ◽  
1963 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Temperature Performance ◽  
Cobalt Base

Abstract ALX is a composition of nonferrous materials with a cobalt base containing chromium, tungsten and carbon. This alloy is commonly supplied in the cast-to-shape form, having an as-cast hardness of Rockwell C60-62 and requiring no further heat treatment. ALX is also supplied as cast tool bit material and is useful where conventional high-speed steels or carbides do not function effectively. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties. It also includes information on high temperature performance and corrosion resistance as well as casting, forming, heat treating, and machining. Filing Code: Co-35. Producer or source: Allegheny Ludlum Corporation.

ALUMINUM 319.0

Alloy Digest ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Shear Strength ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Rear Axle ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Temperature Performance

Abstract ALUMINUM 319.0 is a general-purpose foundry alloy that is moderately responsive to heat treatment. It has excellent casting characteristics and good mechanical properties. Among its many uses are crankcases, housings, engine parts, typewriter frames and rear-axle housings. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, tensile properties, and compressive and shear strength as well as creep and fatigue. It also includes information on low and high temperature performance as well as casting, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: Al-256. Producer or source: Various aluminum companies.

ALUMINUM 6151

Alloy Digest ◽  
1958 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Shear Strength ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Age Hardening ◽  
Temperature Performance ◽  
Aluminum Company ◽  
Aluminum Forging ◽  
Hardening Heat Treatment

Abstract ALUMINUM 6151, formerly A51S Alloy, is an aluminum forging alloy combining good forgeability, strength, and resistance to corrosion. It responds to an age-hardening heat treatment. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, tensile properties, and shear strength as well as fatigue. It also includes information on high temperature performance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: Al-67. Producer or source: Aluminum Company of America.

ALCOA 1XXX SERIES

Alloy Digest ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 54 (7) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Shear Strength ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Surface Treatment ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
High Purity ◽  
High Conductivity ◽  
Good Corrosion Resistance

Abstract Aluminum 1xxx series alloys are nonhardenable by heat treatment. They have high purity, high conductivity, and good corrosion resistance and are easily formed. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, tensile properties, and shear strength. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming, machining, joining, and surface treatment. Filing Code: AL-395. Producer or source: Alcoa Engineered Products.

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