3D Printed Hygroscopic Programmable Material Systems

2015 ◽  
Vol 1800 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Correa Zuluaga ◽  
Achim Menges
Keyword(s):  
Composite System ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Functional Differentiation ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Wood Veneer ◽  
New Developments ◽  
Fuse Deposition Modelling ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Responsive Element ◽  
Modelling Approach

ABSTRACTThe paper presents new developments into autonomously responsive architectural systems that adapt to environmental changes using hygroscopic material properties. The presented work expands upon previously developed research by the authors on wood-veneer composite meteorosensitive architectural systems based on the biomimetic transfer of the hygroscopic actuation of plant cones[1,2]. The manipulation parameters, variables and syntactic elements that enabled such meteorosentive architectural systems to be possible, using the hygroscopic qualities of wooden veneer within a weather responsive wood-veneer composite system, are abstracted and transferred into a 3D printed composite system. The fuse deposition modelling approach presented further expands the research field into such autonomous responsive systems by enabling a more complex gradient of functional differentiation within a responsive element while also enabling on-surface complex articulations due to anisotropic conditions. The results indicate that the 3D printed prototype can maintain the ability to operate and respond autonomously and passively to changes in relative humidity, similarly to the wood veneer composite system, by embedding some of the same functional principles within the material itself. The numerically controlled fabrication methodology presented, enabled through 3D printing, looks at designing the “material syntax” as a strategy for functional programming and both formal and functional differentiation. That is, the system can transition within a single composite unit from a support structure to a responsive actuation element variably and multi-directionally. The proof-of-concept functional prototypes presented will situate the functional range of this research.

scholarly journals Diagnóstico ambiental qualitativo no “lixão” da cidade de Pombal, Paraíba

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Naiara Angelo Gomes ◽  
José Cleidimário Araújo Leite ◽  
Camilo Allyson Simões de Farias ◽  
Ana Paula Oliveira Silva ◽  
Fernanda Carolina Monteiro Ismael
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Social Health ◽  
Government Agencies ◽  
Solid Waste Disposal ◽  
Atmospheric Air ◽  
Photo Documentation ◽  
Negative Impacts

<p>A destinação ambientalmente inadequada de resíduos sólidos urbanos provoca diversos impactos negativos no meio ambiente, especialmente nos componentes ambientais: solo, água e ar atmosférico. Neste sentido, para que esses efeitos adversos sejam identificados, é necessário conhecer as características do ambiente na área em questão. Neste estudo, objetivou-se a elaboração de um diagnóstico ambiental qualitativo dos meios físico, biótico e antrópico da área do lixão da cidade de Pombal, Estado da Paraíba. A metodologia utilizada teve por base consultas a órgãos públicos, pesquisas bibliográficas, visitas de campo e fotodocumentação. De acordo com os resultados, verificou-se a ocorrência de várias alterações ambientais adversas significativas nos meios físico, biótico e antrópico, típicas da destinação ambientalmente inadequada de resíduos sólidos em “depósitos” a céu aberto, o que tem resultado em uma degradação ambiental local e acarretado danos sociais, sanitários e ecológicos para o município.</p><p align="center"><strong><em>Qualitative Environmental diagnosis in the “dumpsite” of city Pombal, Paraíba</em></strong></p><p><strong>Abstract</strong><strong>: </strong>Environmentally inadequate disposal of municipal solid waste causes many negative impacts on the environment, especially in the environmental components: soil, water and atmospheric air. Then, for these adverse effects were identified, it is necessary to know the characteristics of the environment in the area in question. This study aims to develop a qualitative environmental diagnosis of the physical, biotic and anthropic environment of the dumpsite of <em>Pombal</em> in state of <em>Paraíba</em>, Brazil. The methodology used in the study was based on consultations in government agencies, bibliographic research, field visits and photo documentation. According to the results, it were noted the occurrence of a number of significant adverse environmental changes in the physical, biotic and anthropic environment, typical of solid waste disposal in "deposits" at  openwork, which has resulted in a local environmental degradation and have caused social, health and ecological damage to the municipality.</p>

scholarly journals Transcriptional Regulation of the Gene Encoding an Alcohol Dehydrogenase in the Archaeon Sulfolobus solfataricus Involves Multiple Factors and Control Elements

2003 ◽  
Vol 185 (13) ◽  
pp. 3926-3934 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriella Fiorentino ◽  
Raffaele Cannio ◽  
Mosè Rossi ◽  
Simonetta Bartolucci
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Alcohol Dehydrogenase ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Sulfolobus Solfataricus ◽  
Regulatory Sequences ◽  
Mobility Shift ◽  
Tata Element ◽  
Responsive Element

ABSTRACT A transcriptionally active region has been identified in the 5′ flanking region of the alcohol dehydrogenase gene of the crenarchaeon Sulfolobus solfataricus through the evaluation of the activity of putative transcriptional regulators and the role of the region upstream of the gene under specific metabolic circumstances. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays with crude extracts revealed protein complexes that most likely contain TATA box-associated factors. When the TATA element was deleted from the region, binding sites for both DNA binding proteins, such as the small chromatin structure-modeling Sso7d and Sso10b (Alba), and transcription factors, such as the repressor Lrs14, were revealed. To understand the molecular mechanisms underlying the substrate-induced expression of the adh gene, the promoter was analyzed for the presence of cis-acting elements recognized by specific transcription factors upon exposure of the cell to benzaldehyde. Progressive dissection of the identified promoter region restricted the analysis to a minimal responsive element (PAL) located immediately upstream of the transcription factor B-responsive element-TATA element, resembling typical bacterial regulatory sequences. A benzaldehyde-activated transcription factor (Bald) that specifically binds to the PAL cis-acting element was also identified. This protein was purified from heparin-fractionated extracts of benzaldehyde-induced cells and was shown to have a molecular mass of ∼16 kDa. The correlation between S. solfataricus adh gene activation and benzaldehyde-inducible occupation of a specific DNA sequence in its promoter suggests that a molecular signaling mechanism is responsible for the switch of the aromatic aldehyde metabolism as a response to environmental changes.

Numerical Modelling of the Tensile Behaviour of BFRCM Strips

2019 ◽  
Vol 817 ◽  
pp. 15-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessia Monaco ◽  
Jennifer D'Anna ◽  
Maria Concetta Oddo ◽  
Giovanni Minafò ◽  
Lidia La Mendola
Keyword(s):  
Composite System ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Tensile Behaviour ◽  
Basalt Fibre ◽  
Cementitious Matrix ◽  
Levels Of Detail ◽  
Number Of Layers ◽  
Natural Composite ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Modelling Approach

This paper aims at investigating the tensile behaviour of basalt fibres on cementitious matrix for the strengthening of masonry structures. The use of Basalt Fibre Reinforced Cementitious Matrix (BFRCM) is favourably considered by the scientific community because it represents a natural composite material with high compatibility with stone and masonry substrate. The study is developed through the generation of Finite Element (FE) models capable of reproducing the tensile behaviour of BFRCM strips with different number of layers of grid. For the scope, the micro-modelling approach is adopted assuming different levels of detail for the simulation of the interface constitutive behaviour. Fibre and substrate are modelled separately and the interface between the two components is simulated by introducing numerical contact properties for reproducing the perfect bond condition, on one hand, and the cohesive tangential slip, on the other hand. The damage of the composite system is investigated using proper damage numerical models at the interface.

scholarly journals Developments in molecular epidemiology of aging

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 411-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Hägg ◽  
Daniel W. Belsky ◽  
Alan A. Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Epidemiology ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Interdisciplinary Teams ◽  
Genetic Determinants ◽  
New Developments ◽  
Clinical Biomarkers ◽  
Composite Scores ◽  
Epidemiology Studies ◽  
Molecular Measures

Abstract The field of molecular epidemiology of aging involves the application of molecular methods to measure aging processes and their genetic determinants in human cohorts. Over the last decade, the field has undergone rapid progress with a dramatic increase in the number of papers published. The aim of this review is to give an overview of the research field, with a specific focus on new developments, opportunities, and challenges. Aging occurs at multiple hierarchical levels. There is increasing consensus that aging-related changes at the molecular level cause declines in physiological integrity, functional capacity, and ultimately lifespan. Molecular epidemiology studies seek to quantify this process. Telomere length, composite scores integrating clinical biomarkers, and omics clocks are among the most well-studied metrics in molecular epidemiology studies. New developments in the field include bigger data and hypothesis-free analysis together with new modes of collaborations in interdisciplinary teams and open access norms around data sharing. Key challenges facing the field are the lack of a gold standard by which to evaluate molecular measures of aging, inconsistency in which metrics of aging are measured and analyzed across studies, and a need for more longitudinal data necessary to observe change over time.

Dynamically Reconfigurable Hardware for Evolving Bio-Inspired Architectures

2010 ◽  
pp. 1-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andres Upegui
Keyword(s):  
Reconfigurable Computing ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Boolean Networks ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Evolvable Hardware ◽  
Neuron Models ◽  
Random Boolean Networks ◽  
Dynamically Reconfigurable ◽  
Spiking Neuron Models

During the last few years, reconfigurable computing devices have experienced an impressive development in their resource availability, speed, and configurability. Currently, commercial FPGAs offer the possibility of self-reconfiguring by partially modifying their configuration bit-string, providing high architectural flexibility, while guaranteeing high performance. On the other hand, we have bio-inspired hardware, a large research field taking inspiration from living beings in order to design hardware systems, which includes diverse approaches like evolvable hardware, neural hardware, and fuzzy hardware. Living beings are well known for their high adaptability to environmental changes, featuring very flexible adaptations at several levels. Bio-inspired hardware systems require such flexibility to be provided by the hardware platform on which the system is implemented. Even though some commercial FPGAs provide enhanced reconfigurability features such as partial and dynamic reconfiguration, their utilization is still in the early stages and they are not well supported by FPGA vendors, thus making their inclusion difficult in existing bio-inspired systems. This chapter presents a set of methodologies and architectures for exploiting the reconfigurability advantages of current commercial FPGAs in the design of bio-inspired hardware systems. Among the presented architectures are neural networks, spiking neuron models, fuzzy systems, cellular automata and Random Boolean Networks.

Visualisation and Auralisation for Perception-Driven Decision Supports in Planning

2018 ◽  
pp. 297-316
Author(s):  
Like Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Decision Support ◽  
Perceptual Experience ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Landscape Planning ◽  
Common Language ◽  
New Developments ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Common Function

Visualisation and auralisation are among the essential technologies for perception-driven decision support in landscape planning and soundscape planning, respectively. By making proposed developments and environmental changes visible and audible, they allow decision-makings based on perceptual experience, providing a “common language” that all the stakeholders are capable of using to communicate and to exchange ideas. While they share common function and criteria when used for decision support in planning, they are not in parallel developments and have been approached differently regarding their applications. This chapter comparatively reviews the developments and applications of visualisation and auralisation for perception-driven decision support in planning, aiming to provide technological and methodological insights into the two interconnected yet somewhat independent subjects. This led to indications for new developments and optimized applications in the near future. The chapter addresses three issues: validity, contents to present, and ways to present.

scholarly journals GntR Family Regulator DasR Controls Acetate Assimilation by Directly Repressing the acsA Gene in Saccharopolyspora erythraea

2018 ◽  
Vol 200 (13) ◽  
Author(s):  
Di You ◽  
Bai-Qing Zhang ◽  
Bang-Ce Ye
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Saccharopolyspora Erythraea ◽  
Upstream Region ◽  
Acetate Metabolism ◽  
Acetyl Coa ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Acetate Assimilation ◽  
Responsive Element ◽  
Gntr Family

ABSTRACT The GntR family regulator DasR controls the transcription of genes involved in chitin and N -acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) metabolism in actinobacteria. GlcNAc is catabolized to ammonia, fructose-6-phosphate (Fru-6P), and acetate, which are nitrogen and carbon sources. In this work, a DasR-responsive element ( dre ) was observed in the upstream region of acsA1 in Saccharopolyspora erythraea . This gene encodes acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) synthetase (Acs), an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of acetate into acetyl-CoA. We found that DasR repressed the transcription of acsA1 in response to carbon availability, especially with GlcNAc. Growth inhibition was observed in a dasR -deleted mutant (Δ dasR ) in the presence of GlcNAc in minimal medium containing 10 mM acetate, a condition under which Acs activity is critical to growth. These results demonstrate that DasR controls acetate assimilation by directly repressing the transcription of the acsA1 gene and performs regulatory roles in the production of intracellular acetyl-CoA in response to GlcNAc. IMPORTANCE Our work has identified the DasR GlcNAc-sensing regulator that represses the generation of acetyl-CoA by controlling the expression of acetyl-CoA synthetase, an enzyme responsible for acetate assimilation in S. erythraea . The finding provides the first insights into the importance of DasR in the regulation of acetate metabolism, which encompasses the regulatory network between nitrogen and carbon metabolism in actinobacteria, in response to environmental changes.

scholarly journals Verification of Crime Due to Violence against Women in Karaj City and Effective Factors to Prevent It

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Mahdi Momeni
Keyword(s):  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Direct Relationship ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Crime Victims ◽  
New Developments ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Meaningful Relationship ◽  
Home Work ◽  
Economic Violence ◽  
The City

According to the new developments of criminology and approaches to crime victims. Victim – centered approach based on the conditions governing the development of crime and victim in order to prevent crime and reduce its implications are examined. A criminological finding suggests that some individuals for the reason that some of the special Features of biological and psychological and social victim are more at risk than others. Women often are in this context. The purpose of this research is to identify the types of violence in the city of Karaj.This research field of Karaj questionnaire about 384 women and using cluster and systematically implemented, at 2015-2016. The findings show that, there is violence in the mentioned society in various aspects. Most of the current violence is the psychological and sexual violence and economic violence is lowest. There is a direct and meaning full relationship between the notion authoritative man of his role and violence against women.Also there is an inverse and meaningful relationship between the contribution of the husband at home work and violence against women.There is a meaningful and direct relationship between men and women experience violence in their families and violence against women.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Characteristics of Climate Change in the Ecologically Vulnerable Area of the Mu Us Dune Field under the Background of Global Warming

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 627
Author(s):  
Guanwen Huang ◽  
Hai Zhu ◽  
Juqing Zhang ◽  
Bohan Liu
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
Precipitable Water ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Average Level ◽  
Vegetation Coverage ◽  
Dune Field ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Surrounding Areas

The Mu Us dune field is one of China’s four major dune fields, which are ecologically vulnerable areas of northwest semiarid land across Shaanxi, Ningxia, and Inner Mongolia, also very sensitive to the global temperature rise and environmental changes. This paper uses data on the temperature, precipitation, and precipitable water vapor (PWV) in the Mu Us dune field and its surrounding areas to analyze and discuss the time series and spatial distribution characteristics of these three factors in this area. The results of the study show that, in recent years, the trend of temperature increase in the Mu Us dune field has been higher than the average level in China, but this trend has gradually subsided since 2000. The spatial distribution of temperature presents an obvious characteristic of gradual increase from north to south and is affected by latitude, altitude, and topography. The annual cumulative precipitation of the Mu Us dune field is lower than the average level in China. However, in recent years, the rate of the increase in precipitation in this area has been significantly higher than that of the average rate of increase in China. The eastern part of the dune field has the most precipitation, which gradually decreases to the west. The spatial distribution of precipitation is greatly affected by monsoon factors in the region and the distribution of rivers. In the research field, PWV has been rising in recent years, which is greatly related to the increase of vegetation coverage in this region. This demonstrates that the Mu Us dune field has experienced a “warmer and wetter” trend in recent years.

scholarly journals Mechanical Properties of a 3D Printed Wall Segment Made with an Earthen Mixture

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Ferretti ◽  
Massimo Moretti ◽  
Alberto Chiusoli ◽  
Lapo Naldoni ◽  
Francesco De Fabritiis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ultimate Load ◽  
Maximum Load ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Load Test ◽  
Uniaxial Compression Test ◽  
Earth Structures ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
First Time ◽  
Earthen Buildings ◽  
Positive Effect

This study provides a contribution to the research field of 3D printed earthen buildings, focusing, for the first time, on the load-bearing capacity of these structures. The study involves the entire production and testing process of the earthen elements, from design, to the preparation of the mixture and the 3D printing, up to the uniaxial compression test on a wall segment. The results indicate that 3D printed earthen elements have a compressive strength of 2.32 MPa, comparable to that of rammed earth structures. The experimental data also made it possible to draw conclusions on the action of the infill, which seems to have the function of stopping the propagation of cracks. This has a positive effect on the overall behavior of 3D printed earthen elements, since it avoids the onset of dilative behavior in the final stages of the load test and maintains ultimate load values higher than 50% of the maximum load.

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