Chemo-ionic-conformational memory from reactive dense gels: a way to explore new multivalent memories and brain memory

2015 ◽  
Vol 1729 ◽  
pp. 137-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toribio F. Otero ◽  
Jose G. Martinez
Keyword(s):  
Conducting Polymers ◽  
Electrochemical Reaction ◽  
Initial State ◽  
Channel Protein ◽  
Conformational Memory ◽  
Opening And Closing ◽  
New Hypothesis ◽  
Characteristic Maximum

ABSTRACTSo far we ignore how brain stores memory. Neurons communicate by pulses where the charges are carried between them by ions flowing through channels. Those pulses present a characteristic maximum related to the conformational movements of the channel protein opening and closing. Electrochemical responses from dense gel electrodes of conducting polymers mimic those pulses. Here we proved that the biomimetic pulse includes simultaneously electrical, chemical and conformational information related to the energy stored by the initial conformational packed state of the polymer. This energetic memory increases linearly with the potential used to reduce and pack (write) the initial state: hundreds of different values can be written (stored) in a full reproducible way (multivalent memory). Every state constitutes a chemo-ionic-conformational (CHEMICONF) memory. Each multivalent memory is read and erased by the reverse electrochemical reaction. Crosslinking states produce permanent memories not erased while reading. Developing CHEMICONF memories can provide new hypothesis to reveal brain memory mechanisms.

scholarly journals IONS IN FLUCTUATING CHANNELS: TRANSISTORS ALIVE

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (01) ◽  
pp. 1240001 ◽  
Author(s):  
BOB EISENBERG
Keyword(s):  
Charged Particles ◽  
Effective Density ◽  
Open Channels ◽  
Channel Protein ◽  
Chemical Effects ◽  
Physical Insight ◽  
Opening And Closing ◽  
And Control ◽  
Protein Channels ◽  
Charged Spheres

Ion channels are proteins with a hole down the middle embedded in cell membranes. Membranes form insulating structures and the channels through them allow and control the movement of charged particles, spherical ions, mostly Na+ , K+ , Ca++ , and Cl- . Membranes contain hundreds or thousands of types of channels, fluctuating between open conducting and closed insulating states. Channels control an enormous range of biological function by opening and closing in response to specific stimuli using mechanisms that are not yet understood in physical language. Open channels conduct current of charged particles following laws of Brownian movement of charged spheres rather like the laws of electrodiffusion of quasi-particles in semiconductors. Open channels select between similar ions using a combination of electrostatic and "crowded charge" (Lennard-Jones) forces. The specific location of atoms and the exact atomic structure of the channel protein seem much less important than certain properties of the structure, namely the volume accessible to ions and the effective density of fixed and polarization charge. There is no sign of other chemical effects like delocalization of electron orbitals between ions and the channel protein. Channels play a role in biology as important as transistors in computers, and they use rather similar physics to perform part of that role. Understanding their fluctuations awaits physical insight into the source of the variance and mathematical analysis of the coupling of the fluctuations to the other components and forces of the system.

Tensile Failure of 55-Nitinol Wire

1975 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 46-47
Author(s):  
F. I. Grace
Keyword(s):  
Shape Memory ◽  
Shape Memory Effect ◽  
Memory Effect ◽  
Stoichiometric Composition ◽  
Tensile Failure ◽  
Initial State ◽  
Initial Shape ◽  
Nitinol Wire ◽  
Cscl Type ◽  
Shear Transformation

An interest in NiTi alloys with near stoichiometric composition (55 NiTi) has intensified since they were found to exhibit a unique mechanical shape memory effect at the Naval Ordnance Laboratory some twelve years ago (thus refered to as NITINOL alloys). Since then, the microstructural mechanisms associated with the shape memory effect have been investigated and several interesting engineering applications have appeared.The shape memory effect implies that the alloy deformed from an initial shape will spontaneously return to that initial state upon heating. This behavior is reported to be related to a diffusionless shear transformation which takes place between similar but slightly different CsCl type structures.

Electronic structure studies of conducting polymers by electron energy-loss spectroscopy

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 160-161
Author(s):  
J. Fink
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Structure ◽  
Conducting Polymers ◽  
Conjugated Polymers ◽  
Electron Acceptors ◽  
Electron Donors ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
New Class ◽  
Electrical Conductivities ◽  
Electron Energy Loss

Conducting polymers comprises a new class of materials achieving electrical conductivities which rival those of the best metals. The parent compounds (conjugated polymers) are quasi-one-dimensional semiconductors. These polymers can be doped by electron acceptors or electron donors. The prototype of these materials is polyacetylene (PA). There are various other conjugated polymers such as polyparaphenylene, polyphenylenevinylene, polypoyrrole or polythiophene. The doped systems, i.e. the conducting polymers, have intersting potential technological applications such as replacement of conventional metals in electronic shielding and antistatic equipment, rechargable batteries, and flexible light emitting diodes.Although these systems have been investigated almost 20 years, the electronic structure of the doped metallic systems is not clear and even the reason for the gap in undoped semiconducting systems is under discussion.

A New Hypothesis About Schizophrenia

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. W. Moises ◽  
T. Zoega ◽  
I. I. Gottesman
Keyword(s):  
New Hypothesis

Solid state 13C NMR in conducting polymers

1985 ◽  
Vol 46 (9) ◽  
pp. 1595-1601 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Devreux ◽  
G. Bidan ◽  
A.A. Syed ◽  
C. Tsintavis
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Conducting Polymers ◽  
13C Nmr ◽  
Solid State 13C Nmr

SOLID STATE BATTERIES WITH CONDUCTING POLYMERS

1983 ◽  
Vol 44 (C3) ◽  
pp. C3-567-C3-572 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Bénière ◽  
D. Boils ◽  
H. Cánepa ◽  
J. Franco ◽  
A. Le Corre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Conducting Polymers ◽  
Solid State Batteries
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