Electrochemical Deposition of Platinum Interconnects on Flexible Biocompatible Substrates

2014 ◽  
Vol 1626 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Radisic ◽  
B. M. Morcos ◽  
M. Op de Beeck ◽  
J. M. O’Callaghan ◽  
C. Van Hoof
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Deposition ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Impurity Content ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Flexible Substrates ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Good Adhesion ◽  
Pt Films ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

ABSTRACTWe explored the use of galvanostatic electrochemical deposition of Pt for cost-effective fabrication of interconnects in flexible implantable bio-medical devices. Initial studies were done on coupons diced from 200 mm Si wafers coated with PVD TiN. Based on the physical and chemical properties of the electrodeposited Pt films, optimal conditions were chosen for through-mask plating of centimeters long Pt lines on flexible, medical grade, releasable polyimide layers. Possibility for further up-scaling was considered with special emphasis on high throughput manufacturing of Pt interconnects with good adhesion to TiN/flexible substrates, low impurity content and resistivity, and acceptable roughness and uniformity.

scholarly journals Synthesis and Conductivity Studies of Poly(Methyl Methacrylate) (PMMA) by Co-Polymerization and Blending with Polyaniline (PANi)

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 1939
Author(s):  
Helyati Abu Hassan Shaari ◽  
Muhammad Mahyiddin Ramli ◽  
Mohd Nazim Mohtar ◽  
Norizah Abdul Rahman ◽  
Azizan Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Methacrylate ◽  
Mechanical Stability ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Poly Methyl Methacrylate ◽  
Conducting Materials ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Polymerization Condition ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) is a lightweight insulating polymer that possesses good mechanical stability. On the other hand, polyaniline (PANi) is one of the most favorable conducting materials to be used, as it is easily synthesized, cost-effective, and has good conductivity. However, most organic solvents have restricted potential applications due to poor mechanical properties and dispersibility. Compared to PANi, PMMA has more outstanding physical and chemical properties, such as good dimensional stability and better molecular interactions between the monomers. To date, many research studies have focused on incorporating PANi into PMMA. In this review, the properties and suitability of PANi as a conducting material are briefly reviewed. The major parts of this paper reviewed different approaches to incorporating PANi into PMMA, as well as evaluating the modifications to improve its conductivity. Finally, the polymerization condition to prepare PMMA/PANi copolymer to improve its conductivity is also discussed.

Template Based Synthesis of Ni Nanowires by Electrochemical Deposition

2015 ◽  
Vol 1114 ◽  
pp. 121-128
Author(s):  
George Tepes ◽  
Ruxandra Vidu ◽  
Cosmin Mihai Cotrut ◽  
Maria Diana Vranceanu ◽  
Alecs Matei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Deposition ◽  
Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
One Dimension ◽  
Environmental Scanning ◽  
Nickel Nanowires ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Nanoscale Range ◽  
And Chemical Properties

During the last decade an increasing number of researchers focused on materials that have at least one dimension in the nanoscale range. That one dimension has immense impact on the physical and chemical properties of the materials, which is mainly due to the large surface to volume ratio. In order to modify the ratio of surface to volume, many shapes can be produced. Each shape is more useful in certain application than in others (e.g. nanowires are more used in sensors then other shapes and nanospheres are more used in medicine).In this paper, nickel nanowires were grown by electrochemical deposition into polycarbonate track etched (PCTE) membrane. The morphology and size of Ni NWs were examined using an Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy equipped with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy.

scholarly journals OPTIMISATION OF A RESIN-COATED CHROMITE SAND FOR RAPID SAND CASTING APPLICATIONS

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 290-298
Author(s):  
Neo Tshabalala ◽  
Kasongo Nyembwe ◽  
Malan Van Tonder
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Sand Casting ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Silica Sand ◽  
Three Dimensional Printing ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Dimensional Printing ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Applications of three-dimensional printing (3DP) to sand casting have been well-established in the last two decades. The preferred raw material is silica (quartz) sand, as it is the most readily available and cost effective sand. However, silica sand as a refractory material has some technical limitations, including high thermal linear expansion, low refractoriness, and thermal conductivity. Therefore, it is not suitable for all castings. Other refractory sand types are available, including chromite sand, which is abundantly available in South Africa. Analysis of the physical and chemical properties of in-laboratory coating of a locally available chromite sand was conducted through known metal foundry tests that provide an understanding of the quality and suitability of the use of chromite sand as a potential substitute for silica material for rapid sand-casting applications. The results of this study will inform the industry about the optimisation of parameters for the manufacturing of a resin-coated chromite sand and its use in additive manufacturing using a Voxeljet VX 1000 printer.

Analysis of Phosphogypsum’s Physical and Chemical Properties and Making of Anhydrite Cement from Phosphogypsum

2013 ◽  
Vol 275-277 ◽  
pp. 2131-2135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Zhou ◽  
Lin Yang ◽  
Qian Lin ◽  
Jian Xin Cao
Keyword(s):  
Solid Solution ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Impurity Content ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Gravimetric Determination ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

The phosphogypsum (PG) sample produced as the waste of the phosphoric acid fertilizer plant from Guizhou, China was studied for its properties and as a material for anhydrite cement. The impurity content, type and distribution, as well as thermal behavior and solubility of the PG were carefully studied by XRD, DTA techniques and gravimetric determination. The China Standard GB175-2007. The mineralogical studies were physical properties of the sample were studied as per the determined by XRD. The results showed that the impurities of PG are mainly water-soluble P2O5, F, organics and P2O5 and F in the gypsum lattice which has entered in to solid solution with gypsum as well as the insoluble Ca3(PO4)2 and CaF2. Experimental datum showed that a suitable anhydrite can be produced by heating PG at 1000 °C and PG up to 60% used can be as a main raw material in production of anhydrite cement.

scholarly journals Method of Mathematical Modeling for the Experimental Evaluation of Flame-Retardant Materials’ Parameters

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Dmitry Alexandrovich Korolchenko ◽  
Tatiana Yurievna Eremina
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modeling ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Experimental Program ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
In Fire ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Mathematical and experimental research plays an active role in fire protection investigation. The choice of optimal conditions for the experimental program is the main methodological part of this research. The peculiarities of new fire-protective compositions were investigated. Many experiments in this work are aimed at the investigation of the physical and chemical properties of the materials.

Development and application of synthetic NP dispersions to prevent and extinguish forest and peat fires (Review)

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 5-27
Author(s):  
V. V. Bogdanova ◽  
O. I. Kobets
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Synthetic Compound ◽  
Fire Extinguishing ◽  
Weather Resistance ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Forest Combustible ◽  
And Chemical Properties ◽  
Combustible Materials

Introduction. The analysis of flame retardants and extinguishing agents used for preventing and extinguishing fires in an ecosystem is carried out. It is shown that at present there are no weatherproof, environmentally friendly and cost effective extinguishing agents capable of stopping wood and peat burning. Purpose and objectives. Development of cost effective and environmentally friendly synthetic agents capable of both flame retarding and extinguishing natural combustible materials. Materials and methods. Synthetic dispersions of ammonium phosphates of two- and three-valence metals, as well as wood and peat fireproofed by them are the object of the study. Physical and chemical properties of synthesis products in comparison with their fire retarding efficiency are examined. Fireproofing, fire extinguishing, as well as physical and chemical properties of synthesized products are determined using GOST-regulated methods of thermal and chemical analysis, scanning electron microscopy and original methods. Results and discussion. The formulation of Kompleksil synthetic compound effective in extinguishing and fireproofing wood and peat is optimized using a full factorial experiment. At the same time, the inflow of volatile nitrogen containing products into the gaseous phase is identified as the dominating burning inhibition process common for natural combustible materials. The weather resistance (preservation of fireproof properties in respect of forest combustible materials at 79 mm precipitation), forest and environment enhancement (improvement of mineral nutrition conditions and growth of forest plant communities) properties of Kompleksil compound are identified. Conclusions. A cost effective synthetic compound based on natural mineral materials showing fireproofing and extinguishing efficiency when protecting forest combustible materials and peat is developed. This compound was tested in the process of extinguishing real wildfires; its weather resistance is identified, and the positive response of forest plant communities to the application of this multiple action compound is registered. The use of Kompleksil allows to reduce time expenditures and fire extinguishing agent consumption when extinguishing wildfires, which significantly reduces material damage.

First principles study of the Mn-doping effect on the physical and chemical properties of mullite-family Al2SiO5

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (36) ◽  
pp. 24991-25001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingbo Wang ◽  
Chaoping Liang ◽  
Yongping Zheng ◽  
Nickolas Ashburn ◽  
Young Jun Oh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transition Metal ◽  
First Principles ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Common Strategy ◽  
Earth Abundant ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Transition metal (TM) modification is a common strategy for converting an earth-abundant mineral into a cost-effective catalyst for industrial applications.

Statistical criteria of stellar population types

1966 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 101-110
Author(s):  
W. Iwanowska
Keyword(s):  
Stellar Population ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Spectrophotometric Study ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Population Type ◽  
The Galaxy ◽  
Distribution Parameters ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Statistical Criteria ◽  
And Chemical Properties

In connection with the spectrophotometric study of population-type characteristics of various kinds of stars, a statistical analysis of kinematical and distribution parameters of the same stars is performed at the Toruń Observatory. This has a twofold purpose: first, to provide a practical guide in selecting stars for observing programmes, second, to contribute to the understanding of relations existing between the physical and chemical properties of stars and their kinematics and distribution in the Galaxy.

Tailoring microstructures of materials through biomimetics

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 500-501
Author(s):  
Mehmet Sarikaya ◽  
Ilhan A. Aksay
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Design And Synthesis ◽  
Structure Sensitive ◽  
Macro Scale ◽  
Methods Of Synthesis ◽  
Successive Level ◽  
Engineering Materials ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties ◽  
Synthesis Of Materials

Biomimetics involves investigation of structure, function, and methods of synthesis of biological composite materials. The goal is to apply this information to the design and synthesis of materials for engineering applications.Properties of engineering materials are structure sensitive through the whole spectrum of dimensions from nanometer to macro scale. The goal in designing and processing of technological materials, therefore, is to control microstructural evolution at each of these dimensions so as to achieve predictable physical and chemical properties. Control at each successive level of dimension, however, is a major challenge as is the retention of integrity between successive levels. Engineering materials are rarely fabricated to achieve more than a few of the desired properties and the synthesis techniques usually involve high temperature or low pressure conditions that are energy inefficient and environmentally damaging.In contrast to human-made materials, organisms synthesize composites whose intricate structures are more controlled at each scale and hierarchical order.

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