Structure-Stability Correlations in Li-ion Battery Cathode Materials

2014 ◽  
Vol 1655 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Patridge ◽  
Corey Love ◽  
Wojtek Dmowski ◽  
David Ramaker ◽  
Michelle Johannes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Structure Stability ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Capacity Loss ◽  
Pair Density ◽  
Pdf Analysis

ABSTRACTDetailed structural studies of two lithiated metal oxides, Li2CuO2 and nanoscale LiCoO2, have been carried out using ex situ high-energy X-ray diffraction (XRD) and in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) with the objective of understanding structural changes that might cause capacity loss during cycling. XRD on the cuprate was studied at various states of charge and phase composition, and the bulk state was determined by Rietveld refinement and pair density function (PDF) analysis. Results showed a largely irreversible structural change of the material upon oxidation of Cu2+ as well as CuO formation. The in-situ XAS of the LiCoO2 was analyzed through a difference method to extract the changes in the local structure that occur upon cycling in both the near edge (XANES) and extended region (EXAFS). Results suggest that cycling causes site exchange of the Co and Li ions near the surface of the nanoscale LiCoO2.

Size dependent behavior of Fe3O4crystals during electrochemical (de)lithiation: an in situ X-ray diffraction, ex situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy and theoretical investigation

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (31) ◽  
pp. 20867-20880 ◽  
Author(s):  
David C. Bock ◽  
Christopher J. Pelliccione ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Janis Timoshenko ◽  
K. W. Knehr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Size Dependent ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Dependent Behavior ◽  
X Ray Absorption

Crystal and atomic structural changes of Fe3O4upon electrochemical (de)lithiation were determined.

PHASE FORMATION AND TEXTURE DEVELOPMENT IN AG-SHEATHED Bi, Pb(2223) TAPES STUDIED BY DIFFERENT IN-SITU AND EX-SITU DIFFRACTION TECHNIQUES

2000 ◽  
Vol 14 (25n27) ◽  
pp. 2688-2693 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. GIANNINI ◽  
E. BELLINGERI ◽  
F. MARTI ◽  
M. DHALLÉ ◽  
V. HONKIMÄKI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Energy ◽  
Texture Development ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Scattering Geometry ◽  
Reflection Geometry ◽  
Comparison Of The Results ◽  
In Situ Neutron Diffraction

In-situ and ex-situ high energy (80÷88 keV) X-Ray diffraction from a synchrotron radiation source were performed on multifilamentary Bi, Pb(2223)/Ag tapes using a transmission scattering geometry. Several thermo-mechanical procedures were compared, focusing mainly on the texture development of both Bi, Pb(2212) and Bi, Pb(2223) phases. The effect of the periodic pressing on the texture and on the critical current is elucidated. The texture development of the Bi, Pb(2212) phase prior to its transformation into Bi, Pb(2223) was directly observed in-situ at high temperature by using a dedicated high-energy X-ray compatible furnace and a high resolution Image Plate detector. A sharp increase of the Bi, Pb(2212) grain orientation along the [00l] direction was found to occur only above 750°C. Normal state transport measurements are in full agreement with the formation mechanism and with the texture development observed. A comparison of the results with the ones provided by in-situ neutron diffraction and standard low-energy XRD in a reflection geometry is presented.

Effects of Phosphorus Exposure on Arsenic-Stabilized GaAs 2×4 Surface

1993 ◽  
Vol 312 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. Bensaoula ◽  
A. Freundlich ◽  
A. Bensaoula ◽  
V. Rossignol
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Electron Diffraction ◽  
Growth Process ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Chemical Beam Epitaxy ◽  
High Energy Electron ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray

AbstractPhosphorus exposed GaAs (100) surfaces during a Chemical Beam Epitaxy growth process are studied using in-situ Reflection High Energy Electron Diffraction and ex-situ High Resolution X-ray Diffraction. It is shown that the phosphorus exposure of a GaAs (100) surface in the 500 – 580 °C temperature range results in the formation of one GaP monolayer.

In situ high-energy synchrotron X-ray diffraction studies and first principles modeling of α-MnO2 electrodes in Li–O2 and Li-ion coin cells

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (14) ◽  
pp. 7389-7398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenzhen Yang ◽  
Lynn Trahey ◽  
Yang Ren ◽  
Maria K. Y. Chan ◽  
Chikai Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
First Principles ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
High Energy ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Synchrotron Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Li Ion ◽  
Battery Cells

In situ synchrotron diffraction and first principles modeling shows structural changes in α-MnO2 during cycling in Li–O2 battery cells, as lithium and oxygen are incorporated into and removed from tunnels in the structure.

Recrystallization and phase transitions in a γ-TiAl-based alloy as observed by ex situ and in situ high-energy X-ray diffraction

2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (14) ◽  
pp. 3721-3735 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus-Dieter Liss ◽  
Arno Bartels ◽  
Helmut Clemens ◽  
Slawomir Bystrzanowski ◽  
Andreas Stark ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transitions ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray

scholarly journals Battery research using synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (a1) ◽  
pp. C951-C951
Author(s):  
Qinfen Gu ◽  
Helen Brand ◽  
Justin Kimpton
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Rechargeable Batteries ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Insertion Reaction ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
User Groups

Research and development of rechargeable batteries is critical to meet the worldwide demand for clean and sustainable energy collection and storage. A vital part of this research is to get clear understanding of how the crystal structures of electrode materials affect the the resulting properties of the batteries. As structural changes in both the anode and cathode materials play an important role in overall battery performance, synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), with high beam flux and resolution, is an extremely useful tool for studying the battery both in-situ and ex-situ. Several simple in-situ cell designs have been designed for synchrotron PXRD measurement. The cell is available for researchers in the field of battery research. The effectiveness and simplicity of the cell design have been demonstrated at Powder Diffraction Beamline at Australian Synchrotron for several user groups. Case studies of analysis of the lithium insertion reaction for Li0.18Sr0.66Ti0.5Nb0.5O3 defect perovskite [1], crystal structure of Li4Ti5O12–xBrx electrode material [2] and LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 (NMC) as a new synthesized cathode material [3] will be discussed, respectively.

Epitaxial GdN/SmN-based superlattices grown by molecular beam epitaxy

MRS Advances ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 189-194
Author(s):  
Franck Natali ◽  
Joe Trodahl ◽  
Stéphane Vézian ◽  
Antoine Traverson ◽  
Benjamin Damilano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Beam Epitaxy ◽  
Molecular Beam ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
High Energy Electron ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Doped Semiconductors ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Resistivity Measurements

ABSTRACTGdN/SmN based superlattices have been grown by molecular beam epitaxy. In-situ reflection high energy electron diffraction was used to evaluate the evolution of the epitaxial growth and the structural properties were assessed by ex-situ X-ray diffraction. Hall Effect and resistivity measurements as a function of the temperature establish that the superlattices are heavily n-type doped semiconductors and the electrical conduction resides in both REN layers, SmN and GdN.

scholarly journals In-Situ High-Energy X-ray Diffraction Study of Austenite Decomposition During Rapid Cooling and Isothermal Holding in Two HSLA Steels

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 1812-1825
Author(s):  
Sen Lin ◽  
Ulrika Borggren ◽  
Andreas Stark ◽  
Annika Borgenstam ◽  
Wangzhong Mu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Isothermal Holding ◽  
Weight Percent ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Decomposition Kinetics ◽  
Bainitic Transformation ◽  
Austenite Decomposition ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Rapid Cooling ◽  
X Ray

AbstractIn-situ high-energy X-ray diffraction experiments with high temporal resolution during rapid cooling (280 °C s−1) and isothermal heat treatments (at 450 °C, 500 °C, and 550 °C for 30 minutes) were performed to study austenite decomposition in two commercial high-strength low-alloy steels. The rapid phase transformations occurring in these types of steels are investigated for the first time in-situ, aiding a detailed analysis of the austenite decomposition kinetics. For the low hardenability steel with main composition Fe-0.08C-1.7Mn-0.403Si-0.303Cr in weight percent, austenite decomposition to polygonal ferrite and bainite occurs already during the initial cooling. However, for the high hardenability steel with main composition Fe-0.08C-1.79Mn-0.182Si-0.757Cr-0.094Mo in weight percent, the austenite decomposition kinetics is retarded, chiefly by the Mo addition, and therefore mainly bainitic transformation occurs during isothermal holding; the bainitic transformation rate at the isothermal holding is clearly enhanced by lowered temperature from 550 °C to 500 °C and 450 °C. During prolonged isothermal holding, carbide formation leads to decreased austenite carbon content and promotes continued bainitic ferrite formation. Moreover, at prolonged isothermal holding at higher temperatures some degenerate pearlite form.

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