Superhydrophobicity-Enabled Interfacial Microfluidics on Textile

2013 ◽  
Vol 1569 ◽  
pp. 115-120
Author(s):  
Siyuan Xing ◽  
Jia Jiang ◽  
Tingrui Pan
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Capillary Force ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Liquid Volume ◽  
Driving Mechanism ◽  
Chemical Analyses ◽  
Skin Model ◽  
Liquid Motion ◽  
Liquid Flows ◽  
Hydrophilic Materials

ABSTRACTCapillary-driven microfluidics, utilizes the capillary force generated by fibrous hydrophilic materials (e.g., paper and cotton) to drive biological reagents, has been extended to various biological and chemical analyses recently. However, the restricted capillary-driving mechanism persists to be a major challenge for continuous and facilitated biofluidic transport. In this abstract, we have first introduced a new interfacial microfluidic transport principle to automatically and continuously drive three-dimensional liquid flows on a micropatterned superhydrophobic textile (MST). Specifically, the MST platform utilizes the surface tension-induced Laplace pressure to facilitate the liquid motion along the fibers, in addition to the capillary force existing in the fibrous structure. The surface tension-induced pressure can be highly controllable by the sizes of the stitching patterns of hydrophilic yarns and the confined liquid volume. Moreover, the fluidic resistances of various configurations of connecting fibers are quantitatively investigated. Furthermore, a demonstration of the liquid collection ability of MST has been demonstrated on an artificial skin model. The MST can be potentially applied to large volume and continuous biofluidic collection and removal.

scholarly journals Spatio-Temporal Coupling Characteristics and the Driving Mechanism of Population-Land-Industry Urbanization in the Yangtze River Economic Belt

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 400
Author(s):  
Liejia Huang ◽  
Peng Yang ◽  
Boqing Zhang ◽  
Weiyan Hu
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Spatial Correlation ◽  
Yangtze River ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Driving Mechanism ◽  
The Yangtze River ◽  
Central Cities ◽  
Urban Agglomerations ◽  
Development Level ◽  
Coordination Degree

The purpose of this paper is to probe into the coupled coordination of urbanization in population, land, and industry to improve urbanization quality. A coupled coordination degree model, spatial analysis method and spatial metering model are employed. The study area is 110 prefecture-level cities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt. The study shows that: (1) the coupling degree of the population-land-industry urbanization grew very slowly between 2006 and 2016. On the whole, the three-dimensional urbanization is in a running-in period, and land-based urbanization dominates, while population-based urbanization and industry-based urbanization are relatively lagging behind. (2) The three major urban agglomerations, the Chengdu-Chongqing, the middle reaches of the Yangtze River and the Yangtze River Delta, are parallel to the whole area in terms of the coupling degree of the three dimensional urbanization with a well-ordered structure, especially in the central cities of the three major urban agglomerations. (3) There is significant spatial correlation in the coupling degree and coordination degree of the three-dimensional urbanization. The high value of coupling degree and coordination degree are clustered continuously in developed cities, provincial capitals, and central cities of the downstream reaches of the Yangtze River. (4) The coordinated degree has significant positive spatial autocorrelation, showing obvious spatial agglomeration characteristics: H-H agglomeration areas are concentrated in the downstream developed areas such as Jiangsu, Zhejiang, and Shanghai. L-L agglomeration areas are mainly concentrated in upstream undeveloped areas, but the number of their cities shows a decreasing trend. (5) The coordination degree of the three-dimensional urbanization is the result of the comprehensive effect of economic development level, the government’s decision-making behavior, and urban location. Among them, the economic development level, urbanization investment, traffic condition, and urban geographical location play a decisive role. This paper contributes to the existing literatures by exploring urbanization quality, spatial correlation and influencing factors from the perspectives of the three-dimensional urbanization in the Yangtze River Economic Belt. The conclusion might be helpful to promote the coupling and coordinated development of urbanization in population-land-industry, and ultimately to improve urbanization quality in the Yangtze River Economic Belt.

Influence of Fining Temperature on Glass Qualities

2011 ◽  
Vol 199-200 ◽  
pp. 1906-1911
Author(s):  
Xiao Qing Liu ◽  
Jun Lin Xie
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soda Lime ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Chemical Analyses ◽  
Ratio Increase ◽  
Tension Change ◽  
Soda Lime Silica Glass ◽  
Wet Chemical ◽  
Surface Tension Change

To study the influence of fining temperature on glass qualities, different fining temperatures from 1400°C to 1500°C were used to prepare a series soda-lime-silica glass with identical chemical compositions. Infrared spectroscopy was used to determine the water content of glass, general analyzer of melt physical properties was used to study the viscosity and surface tension change of glass melt, microscope was carried out find glass bubbles, wet chemical analyses were used to determine the Fe2+/(Fe2++Fe3+) ratio. The results show that, generally, with the increase of fining temperature, the glass melt’s water content, bubbles number and Fe2+/(Fe2++Fe3+) ratio increase, viscosity decreases. Particularly, when the fining temperature is 1450°C, the glass has lowest water content, bubbles number, Fe2+/(Fe2++Fe3+) ratio, and viscosity, and its surface tension is largest. Among all tested fining temperature, 1450°C is the optimal fining temperature.

scholarly journals The Challenge of the Urban Compact Form: Three-Dimensional Index Construction and Urban Land Surface Temperature Impacts

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1067
Author(s):  
Han Yan ◽  
Kai Wang ◽  
Tao Lin ◽  
Guoqin Zhang ◽  
Caige Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Land Surface Temperature ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Urban Form ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Compact Form ◽  
Landsat 8 ◽  
Driving Mechanism ◽  
Building Density ◽  
Building Height

Cities are growing higher and denser, and understanding and constructing the compact city form is of great importance to optimize sustainable urbanization. The two-dimensional (2D) urban compact form has been widely studied by previous researchers, while the driving mechanism of three-dimensional (3D) compact morphology, which reflects the reality of the urban environment has seldom been developed. In this study, land surface temperature (LST) was retrieved by using the mono-window algorithm method based on Landsat 8 images of Xiamen in South China, which were acquired respectively on 14 April, 15 August, 2 October, and 21 December in 2017, and 11 March in 2018. We then aimed to explore the driving mechanism of the 3D compact form on the urban heat environment (UHE) based on our developed 3D Compactness Index (VCI) and remote sensing, as well as Geo-Detector techniques. The results show that the 3D compact form can positively effect UHE better than individual urban form construction elements, as can the combination of the 2D compact form with building height. Individually, building density had a greater effect on UHE than that of building height. At the same time, an integration of building density and height showed an enhanced inter-effect on UHE. Moreover, we explore the temporal and spatial UHE heterogeneity with regards to 3D compact form across different seasons. We also investigate the UHE impacts discrepancy caused by different 3D compactness categories. This shows that increasing the 3D compactness of an urban community from 0.016 to 0.323 would increase the heat accumulation, which was, in terms of satellite derived LST, by 1.35 °C, suggesting that higher compact forms strengthen UHE. This study highlights the challenge of the urban 3D compact form in respect of its UHE impact. The related evaluation in this study would help shed light on urban form optimization.

Investigation of Three-Dimensional Flow in Microchannels With Patterned Surfaces

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Auro Ashish Saha ◽  
Sushanta K. Mitra
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Flow Instability ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Bottom Wall ◽  
Surface Tension Effect ◽  
Hydrophobic Region ◽  
Side Walls ◽  
Dimensional Simulation

A three-dimensional numerical simulation of flow in patterned microchannel with alternate layers of hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfaces at the bottom wall is studied here. Surface characteristics of the microchannel are accounted by specifying the contact angle and the surface tension of the fluid. Meniscus profiles with varying amplitude and shapes are obtained under the different specified surface conditions. Flow instability increases as the fluid at the bottom wall traverses alternately from hydrophilic region to hydrophobic region. To understand the surface tension effect of the side walls, a two-dimensional numerical study has also been carried out for the microchannel and the results are compared with three-dimensional simulation. The surface tension effect of the side walls enhances the capillary effect for three-dimensional case.

The crystal structure of gatehouseite

2011 ◽  
Vol 75 (6) ◽  
pp. 2823-2832
Author(s):  
P. Elliott ◽  
A. Pring
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Hydrogen Bonding ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Direct Methods ◽  
Chemical Analyses ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Manganese Phosphate ◽  
Phosphate Mineral ◽  
Unit Formula

AbstractThe crystal structure of the manganese phosphate mineral gatehouseite, ideally Mn52+(PO4)2(OH)4, space group P212121, a = 17.9733(18), b = 5.6916(11), c = 9.130(4) Å, V= 933.9(4) Å3, Z = 4, has been solved by direct methods and refined from single-crystal X-ray diffraction data (T = 293 K) to an R index of 3.76%. Gatehouseite is isostructural with arsenoclasite and with synthetic Mn52+(PO4)2(OH)4. The structure contains five octahedrally coordinated Mn sites, occupied by Mn plus very minor Mg with observed <Mn—O> distances from 2.163 to 2.239 Å. Two tetrahedrally coordinated P sites, occupied by P, Si and As, have <P—O> distances of 1.559 and 1.558 Å. The structure comprises two types of building unit. A strip of edge-sharing Mn(O,OH)6 octahedra, alternately one and two octahedra wide, extends along [010]. Chains of edge- and corner-shared Mn(O,OH)6 octahedra coupled by PO4 tetrahedra extend along [010]. By sharing octahedron and tetrahedron corners, these two units form a dense three-dimensional framework, which is further strengthened by weak hydrogen bonding. Chemical analyses by electron microprobe gave a unit formula of (Mn4.99Mg0.02)Σ5.01(P1.76Si0.07(As0.07)Σ2.03O8(OH)3.97.

scholarly journals Construction of Three-dimensional Human Skin Model Involving Dendritic Cells and Its Application to Skin Sensitization Test

2008 ◽  
Vol 128 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tadashi UCHINO ◽  
Toshiaki TAKEZAWA ◽  
Yoshiaki IKARASHI ◽  
Hiroshi TOKUNAGA
Keyword(s):  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Human Skin ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Skin Sensitization ◽  
Skin Model

scholarly journals Layer-by-Layer 3D Constructs of Fibroblasts in Hydrogel for Examining Transdermal Penetration Capability of Nanoparticles

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 447-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaochun Hou ◽  
Shiying Liu ◽  
Min Wang ◽  
Christian Wiraja ◽  
Wei Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transdermal Delivery ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Surface Charges ◽  
Skin Model ◽  
Collagen Hydrogel ◽  
Penetration Ability ◽  
Charged Nanoparticles ◽  
Transdermal Penetration ◽  
Positively Charged

Nanoparticles are emerging transdermal delivery systems. Their size and surface properties determine their efficacy and efficiency to penetrate through the skin layers. This work utilizes three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting technology to generate a simplified artificial skin model to rapidly screen nanoparticles for their transdermal penetration ability. Specifically, this model is built through layer-by-layer alternate printing of blank collagen hydrogel and fibroblasts. Through controlling valve on-time, the spacing between printing lines could be accurately tuned, which could enable modulation of cell infiltration in the future. To confirm the effectiveness of this platform, a 3D construct with one layer of fibroblasts sandwiched between two layers of collagen hydrogel is used to screen silica nanoparticles with different surface charges for their penetration ability, with positively charged nanoparticles demonstrating deeper penetration, consistent with the observation from an existing study involving living skin tissue.

scholarly journals Comprehensive molecular characterization of microneedling therapy in a human three‐dimensional skin model

PLoS ONE ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. e0204318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurenz Schmitt ◽  
Yvonne Marquardt ◽  
Philipp Amann ◽  
Ruth Heise ◽  
Laura Huth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Skin Model

scholarly journals UVA and UVB formulation phototoxicity in a three-dimensional human skin model: Photodegradation effect

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 37-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dayane P. uco ◽  
Vânia R. Leite-Silva ◽  
Heron D.T. Silva ◽  
Marcelo D. Duque ◽  
Jeffrey Grice ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Skin ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Skin Model
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