Nanotube-Enhanced Aerosol-Jet Printed Electronics for Embedded Sensing of Composite Structural Health

2012 ◽  
Vol 1407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Da Zhao ◽  
Tao Liu ◽  
Mei Zhang ◽  
Jen-Ming Chen ◽  
Ben Wang
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Printed Electronics ◽  
Electronic Materials ◽  
Mechanical Stirring ◽  
Embedded Sensing ◽  
Aerosol Printing ◽  
Printing Technique ◽  
Printing System ◽  
Concentration Threshold ◽  
Planar Substrates

ABSTRACTInnovative printing technology enables fine feature deposition (below 10μm) of electronic materials onto low-temperature, non-planar substrates without masks. This could be a promising technology to meet the requirements of present and future microelectronic systems. Silver nanoparticles (NP) ink is widely used for printed electronics; however, its electrical conductivity is low compared to bulk materials. In order to improve the electrical conductivity of printed tracks for the aerosol printing technique, we developed a novel carbon nanotubes (CNTs)/silver NP ink by mechanical stirring and sonication. The produced sample inks with different concentration of CNTs that were printed with Aerosol Jet® printing system. We found that the CNTs bridged the defects in some printed silver lines, thereby lowering the electrical resistivity by 38%. However, no further improvements were observed with a higher CNT concentration in the silver NP ink samples. We hypothesize that CNT bridges connects the defects thus decreasing the resistivity of printed silver lines when CNT concentration is under the percolation level. However, when it is above a concentration threshold, the resistivity of printed silver lines stops decreasing and even increases because of Schottky barrier effect.

Velocity-Regulated Path Planning Algorithm for Aerosol Printing Systems

2015 ◽  
Vol 137 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bradley Thompson ◽  
Hwan-Sik Yoon
Keyword(s):  
Path Planning ◽  
Relative Velocity ◽  
Printed Electronics ◽  
Aerosol Printing ◽  
Planning Algorithm ◽  
Printing System ◽  
The Common ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Speed Fluctuations ◽  
Path Planning Algorithm

Aerosol printing is one of the common methods used in printed electronics. In this study, an improved path planning algorithm is developed for an aerosol printing system. The continuous aerosol stream provided by a printing nozzle requires a constant relative velocity between the printer head and substrate in order to evenly deposit materials. To ensure consistency, the proposed algorithm confines speed fluctuations by predetermining potential velocity errors and compensating with a novel scheme. The path planning algorithm can control motion of an XY stage for an arbitrary printing path and desired velocity while minimizing material waste. Linear segments with parabolic blends (LSPB) trajectory planning is used during printing, and minimum time trajectory (MTT) planning is used during printer transition. Simulation results demonstrate the algorithm's improved capability to maintain the desired velocity while minimizing print time.

scholarly journals Printed Transformable Liquid-Metal Metamaterials and Their Application in Biomedical Sensing

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (19) ◽  
pp. 6329
Author(s):  
Yi Ren ◽  
Minghui Duan ◽  
Rui Guo ◽  
Jing Liu
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Liquid Metal ◽  
Printed Electronics ◽  
Magnetic Characteristics ◽  
Future Outlook ◽  
Biomedical Sensing ◽  
High Flexibility ◽  
Simulated Analysis ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Electromagnetic Metamaterials

Metamaterial is becoming increasingly important owing to its unique physical properties and breakthrough applications. So far, most metamaterials that have been developed are made of rigid materials and structures, which may restrict their practical adaptation performances. Recently, with the further development of liquid metal, some efforts have explored metamaterials based on such tunable electronic inks. Liquid metal has high flexibility and good electrical conductivity, which provides more possibilities for transformable metamaterials. Here, we developed a new flexible liquid-metal metamaterial that is highly reconfigurable and could significantly extend the working limit facing current devices. The printed electronics method was adopted to fabricate artificial units and then construct various potential transformable metamaterials. Based on metamaterial theory and printing technology, typical structured flexible liquid-metal electromagnetic metamaterials were designed and fabricated. The electronic and magnetic characteristics of the liquid-metal-based electromagnetic metamaterials were evaluated through simulated analysis and experimental measurement. Particularly, the potential of liquid-metal metamaterials in biomedical sensing was investigated. Further, the future outlook of liquid-metal metamaterials and their application in diverse categories were prospected.

Preparation of high-yield polyaniline nanofibers via an unstirred polymerization

e-Polymers ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiufeng Lü ◽  
Xiansu Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Ammonium Persulfate ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Outer Diameter ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Acid Media ◽  
Polyaniline Nanofibers ◽  
Mechanical Stirring ◽  
Aqueous Acid

AbstractPolyaniline nanofibers with high yield (93%) have been synthesized by an unstirred polymerization of aniline in aqueous acid media with ammonium persulfate as an oxidant in the absence of any template, dopant or surfactant. The morphology, structure and electrical conductivity of the nanostructural polyaniline prepared under different conditions were characterized by means of scanning electron microscopy, FTIR, UV-vis and four-probe techniques. It was found that branched network-like polyaniline nanofibers were prepared without any mechanical stirring, whereas irregular and rodlike structural polyaniline samples were obtained with mechanical stirring under the same reaction conditions. Flowerlike polyaniline microspheres of ca. 3.5 μm in outer diameter, which were constructed with nanostructural polyaniline lamellar by self-assembly process, were synthesized during the polymerization at 0 °C for 72 h. The as-synthesized HCldoped polyaniline nanofibers have good room-temperature electrical conductivity of 5.0 S/cm.

scholarly journals 3D-Printed Conductive Carbon-Infused Thermoplastic Polyurethane

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Namsoo Peter Kim
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Electromagnetic Interference ◽  
Printed Electronics ◽  
Thermoplastic Polyurethane ◽  
Thermoplastic Elastomer ◽  
Biomedical Sensors ◽  
Conductive Composites ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Carbon Fillers ◽  
3D Printed Electronics

3D printable, flexible, and conductive composites are prepared by incorporating a thermoplastic elastomer and electrically conductive carbon fillers. The advantageous printability, workability, chemical resistance, electrical conductivity, and biocompatibility components allowed for an enabling of 3D-printed electronics, electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding, static elimination, and biomedical sensors. Carbon-infused thermoplastic polyurethane (C/TPU) composites have been demonstrated to possess right-strained sensing abilities and are the candidate in fields such as smart textiles and biomedical sensing. Flexible and conductive composites were prepared by a mechanical blending of biocompatible TPU and carbons. 3D structures that exhibit mechanical flexibility and electric conductivity were successfully printed. Three different types of C/TPU composites, carbon nanotube (CNT), carbon black (CCB), and graphite (G) were prepared with differentiating sizes and composition of filaments. The conductivity of TPU/CNT and TPU/CCB composite filaments increased rapidly when the loading amount of carbon fillers exceeded the filtration threshold of 8%–10% weight. Biocompatible G did not form a conductive pathway in the TPU; resistance to indentation deformation of the TPU matrix was maintained by weight by 40%. Adding a carbon material to the TPU improved the mechanical properties of the composites, and carbon fillers could improve electrical conductivity without losing biocompatibility. For the practical use of the manufactured filaments, optimal printing parameters were determined, and an FDM printing condition was adjusted. Through this process, a variety of soft 3D-printed C/TPU structures exhibiting flexible and robust features were built and tested to investigate the performance of the possible application of 3D-printed electronics and medical scaffolds.

Aerosol Printing of High Resolution Films for LTCC-Multilayer Components

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 (CICMT) ◽  
pp. 000071-000076 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Ihle ◽  
Uwe Partsch ◽  
Sindy Mosch ◽  
Adrian Goldberg
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Direct Write ◽  
Contact Printing ◽  
Printing Technology ◽  
Fine Line ◽  
Aerosol Printing ◽  
Cost Efficient ◽  
Planar Substrates

For the electronic packaging of sensor stable and cost-efficient fine-line printing technologies on LTCC and high frequency laminates are needed. Especially common technologies like screen printing and thin film techniques are unsuitable for fine structures or too expensive. In addition there is no direct write technology for 3D-LTCC-designs as well as for high reliability Co-firing structures. Closing this gap the aerosol printing technology is used to print high resolution conductors on planar and non-planar substrates. Aerosol printing is a direct write non-contact printing technology of functional layers. After a pneumatic atomization the ink is transformed into 1 to 5 μm droplets. The resulting, continuous aerosol stream is focused by a sheath gas in the printing head. Thus the long standoff distance between substrate and deposition tip of max. 5 mm allows the 3D-printing on non-planar substrates. With optimized inks and printing parameters line widths of 10 μm are achievable. This paper will present applications for aerosol printed functional layers on LTCC. These are, for example, aerosol printed films embedded in co-fired LTCC, fine line structures for high frequency applications and the evaluation of printed 3D-structures like LTCC-stairways. Furthermore the 90 degree contacting of unconventional sensor designs will be presented.

Taking the accuracy of printed electronics beyond 1μm

OPE Journal ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (37) ◽  
pp. 17-19
Author(s):  
Ari Alastalo ◽  
Jaakko Leppäniemi ◽  
Asko Sneck ◽  
Kim Eiroma
Keyword(s):  
Printed Electronics ◽  
Alignment Accuracy ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Offset Printing ◽  
Technical Research ◽  
Printing Technique

Researchers at VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland are developing printed electronics beyond the 1μm mark. Reverse-offset printing technique can achieve sub-micron line resolution and μm-scale alignment accuracy

scholarly journals Chemical Functionalization of Carbon Nanotubes and its Effects on Electrical Conductivity

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 51-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Encarnación Moreno Marcelino ◽  
Enrique Vigueras Santiago ◽  
Gustavo Lopez-Tellez ◽  
Susana Hernández López
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Compression Technique ◽  
Chemical Functionalization ◽  
Mechanical Stirring ◽  
Chemically Modified ◽  
Functionalization Of Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Microraman Spectroscopy

This work presents the study of the electrical conductivity in MWNT as a function of three different chemical functionalization conditions. Unmodified and chemically modified MWNT were characterized by microRaman spectroscopy, XPS and SEM whereas the electrical conductivity was determined by dust compression technique. MWNT were modified using three different oxidation conditions: (1) a mix of concentrated acids, H2SO4/HNO3 (3:1, v/v) sonicated for 2 h; (2) same mixture as (1) but using mechanical stirring for 6 h and (3) a reflux of an aqueous solution of HNO3 (20%, v/v) and mechanical stirring for 6 h. The characterization evidenced different functionalization degrees, based on the formation and detection of functional groups such as ether, carbonyl and carboxyl in different percentages. The unmodified CNT presented a conductivity of 510 S/m which decreased as the functionalization degree increased. For reactions (1) and (2) such conductivity was reduced by 8.8 and 15.5%, respectively, whereas for condition (3) it only decreased 0.98%.

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