Depth dependent osmotic and swelling properties of cartilage

2012 ◽  
Vol 1418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Candida Silva ◽  
Iren Horkayne-Szakaly ◽  
Preethi Chandran ◽  
Emilios K. Dimitriadis ◽  
David Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Articular Surface ◽  
Swelling Pressure ◽  
Osmotic Swelling ◽  
Swelling Properties ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Joint Surfaces ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACTArticular cartilage is a low-friction, load-bearing tissue located at joint surfaces. It experiences static and dynamic forces including shear, compression and tension. We investigate the relationship between structure and function by measuring the osmotic and mechanical properties in cartilage layers as a function of the distance from the articular surface. Atomic force microscopy is used to probe the mechanical properties at high spatial resolution. The mechanical measurements are complemented by osmotic swelling pressure observations made on the same samples using a novel tissue osmometer. The results show that the osmotic modulus significantly depends on the distance from the articular surface. Its value is highest in the deep zone and lowest in the middle zone.

scholarly journals Isotropic microscale mechanical properties of coral skeletons

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (106) ◽  
pp. 20150168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Pasquini ◽  
Alan Molinari ◽  
Paola Fantazzini ◽  
Yannicke Dauphen ◽  
Jean-Pierre Cuif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Nacreous Layer ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Stylophora Pistillata ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Coral Skeletons ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Atrina Rigida

Scleractinian corals are a major source of biogenic calcium carbonate, yet the relationship between their skeletal microstructure and mechanical properties has been scarcely studied. In this work, the skeletons of two coral species: solitary Balanophyllia europaea and colonial Stylophora pistillata , were investigated by nanoindentation. The hardness H IT and Young's modulus E IT were determined from the analysis of several load–depth data on two perpendicular sections of the skeletons: longitudinal (parallel to the main growth axis) and transverse. Within the experimental and statistical uncertainty, the average values of the mechanical parameters are independent on the section's orientation. The hydration state of the skeletons did not affect the mechanical properties. The measured values, E IT in the 76–77 GPa range, and H IT in the 4.9–5.1 GPa range, are close to the ones expected for polycrystalline pure aragonite. Notably, a small difference in H IT is observed between the species. Different from corals, single-crystal aragonite and the nacreous layer of the seashell Atrina rigida exhibit clearly orientation-dependent mechanical properties. The homogeneous and isotropic mechanical behaviour of the coral skeletons at the microscale is correlated with the microstructure, observed by electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy, and with the X-ray diffraction patterns of the longitudinal and transverse sections.

HIV infection changes glomerular podocyte cytoskeletal composition and results in distinct cellular mechanical properties

2007 ◽  
Vol 292 (2) ◽  
pp. F701-F710 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Tandon ◽  
I. Levental ◽  
C. Huang ◽  
F. J. Byfield ◽  
J. Ziembicki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Mechanical Characteristics ◽  
Stress Fibers ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Hemodynamic Forces ◽  
Filtration Barrier ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

In addition to forming the selective filtration barrier for the renal glomerulus, podocytes maintain glomerular capillary architecture by opposing distending hemodynamic forces. To understand the relationship of cytoskeletal properties and the mechanical characteristics of podocytes, we studied filamin expression and distribution and measured cell membrane deformability in conditionally immortalized wild-type (WT) mouse podocytes, and in podocytes derived from a mouse model of HIV-associated nephropathy (HIVAN). In the WT cells, filamin and F-actin were localized at the periphery and in prominent stress fibers. In the HIVAN cells, filamin expression was reduced, and stress fibers were sparse. In a microaspiration assay, HIVAN cells ruptured under minimal negative pressure. Atomic force microscopy demonstrated that the WT cells had a stiffness of 17 kPa, whereas the value for the HIVAN cells was 4 kPa. These results demonstrate that the mechanical properties of WT and HIVAN podocytes are markedly different in a manner that is consistent with differences in the composition and arrangement of their cytoskeletons. The mechanical properties of the WT podocytes suggest that these cells can better maintain capillary integrity than the HIVAN podocytes and implicate pathological assembly of the cytoskeleton as a mechanism of HIVAN.

Mechanical Properties of Membrane Surface of Cultured Astrocyte Revealed by Atomic Force Microscopy

2000 ◽  
Vol 39 (Part 1, No. 6B) ◽  
pp. 3711-3716 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hatsuki Shiga ◽  
Yukako Yamane ◽  
Etsuro Ito ◽  
Kazuhiro Abe ◽  
Kazushige Kawabata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Atomic Force Microscopy ◽  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force

scholarly journals Ultrafine metal-polymer catalysts based on polyconjugated systems for Fisher–Tropsch synthesis

2020 ◽  
Vol 92 (6) ◽  
pp. 977-984
Author(s):  
Mayya V. Kulikova ◽  
Albert B. Kulikov ◽  
Alexey E. Kuz’min ◽  
Anton L. Maximov
Keyword(s):  
Tropsch Synthesis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Fischer Tropsch ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Composite Catalysts ◽  
Fe Catalyst ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
And Function ◽  
Metal Polymer

AbstractFor previously studied Fischer–Tropsch nanosized Fe catalyst slurries, polymer compounds with or without polyconjugating structures are used as precursors to form the catalyst nanomatrix in situ, and several catalytic experiments and X-ray diffraction and atomic force microscopy measurements are performed. The important and different roles of the paraffin molecules in the slurry medium in the formation and function of composite catalysts with the two types of aforementioned polymer matrices are revealed. In the case of the polyconjugated polymers, the alkanes in the medium are “weakly” coordinated with the metal-polymer composites, which does not affect the effectiveness of the polyconjugated polymers. Otherwise, alkane molecules form a “tight” surface layer around the composite particles, which create transport complications for the reagents and products of Fischer-Tropsch synthesis and, in some cases, can change the course of the in situ catalyst formation.

scholarly journals Corrosion Behavior and Mechanical Properties of a Nanocomposite Superhydrophobic Coating

Coatings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 652
Author(s):  
Divine Sebastian ◽  
Chun-Wei Yao ◽  
Lutfun Nipa ◽  
Ian Lian ◽  
Gary Twu
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force Microscopy ◽  
Nanocomposite Coating ◽  
Superhydrophobic Coating ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Microscopy Images ◽  
Scanning Electron

In this work, a mechanically durable anticorrosion superhydrophobic coating is developed using a nanocomposite coating solution composed of silica nanoparticles and epoxy resin. The nanocomposite coating developed was tested for its superhydrophobic behavior using goniometry; surface morphology using scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy; elemental composition using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy; corrosion resistance using atomic force microscopy; and potentiodynamic polarization measurements. The nanocomposite coating possesses hierarchical micro/nanostructures, according to the scanning electron microscopy images, and the presence of such structures was further confirmed by the atomic force microscopy images. The developed nanocomposite coating was found to be highly superhydrophobic as well as corrosion resistant, according to the results from static contact angle measurement and potentiodynamic polarization measurement, respectively. The abrasion resistance and mechanical durability of the nanocomposite coating were studied by abrasion tests, and the mechanical properties such as reduced modulus and Berkovich hardness were evaluated with the aid of nanoindentation tests.

scholarly journals The Infuence of Salicin on Rheological and Film-Forming Properties of Collagen

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 1661
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Adamiak ◽  
Katarzyna Lewandowska ◽  
Alina Sionkowska
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Atomic Force Microscopy ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Silver Carp ◽  
Shear Tests ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Film Forming ◽  
Potential Applications

Collagen films are widely used as adhesives in medicine and cosmetology. However, its properties require modification. In this work, the influence of salicin on the properties of collagen solution and films was studied. Collagen was extracted from silver carp skin. The rheological properties of collagen solutions with and without salicin were characterized by steady shear tests. Thin collagen films were prepared by solvent evaporation. The structure of films was researched using infrared spectroscopy. The surface properties of films were investigated using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). Mechanical properties were measured as well. It was found that the addition of salicin modified the roughness of collagen films and their mechanical and rheological properties. The above-mentioned parameters are very important in potential applications of collagen films containing salicin.

scholarly journals Anisotropic Mechanical Properties of Living Cells Revealed by Integrated Spinning Disk Confocal and Atomic Force Microscopy

2018 ◽  
Vol 114 (3) ◽  
pp. 513a
Author(s):  
Yuri M. Efremov ◽  
Mirian Velay-Lizancos ◽  
Daniel M. Suter ◽  
Pablo D. Zavattieri ◽  
Arvind Raman
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Atomic Force Microscopy ◽  
Living Cells ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Spinning Disk ◽  
Anisotropic Mechanical Properties
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