EFFECT OF FROTHER (MIBC) ADDITION ON THE CHARACTERISTICS OF MICROBUBBLES GENERATED BY AIR DISSOLVED NUCLEATION

2012 ◽  
Vol 1380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Estrella Martínez-Ramos ◽  
Roberto Pérez-Garibay ◽  
Jorge Rubio-Rojas
Keyword(s):  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Flow Density ◽  
Air Flow Rate ◽  
Gas Flow Rate ◽  
Bubble Sizes ◽  
Superficial Area

ABSTRACTAn identification of the characteristics of microbbubles dispersion is presented in this paper, when frother addition (MIBC) is modified in a biphasic system (air-water). Sauter diameter (d32), gas flow rate (Jg), superficial area flow density of the microbubbles (Sb) and air holdup (εg) are the measured variables in this research work. The studied frother additions were 0, 10 and 20 ppm. Similar to conventional bubble sizes, it was observed also, that air holdup increases with the air flow rate. The linear relationship between εg and Sb permits to conclude that superficial area flow density, a variable difficult to measure directly, may be estimated if air gas holdup is known. Furthermore, the experimental results showed that frother addition (MIBC) reduced the Sauter diameter, increasing all other variables.

scholarly journals CONJUGATE HEAT TRANSFER IN THE PRODUCTION OF GLASS MICROSPHERES IN A GAS-FLAME REACTOR

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-363
Author(s):  
M. Yu. Liakh ◽  
A. V. Akulich ◽  
P. S. Grinchuk
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Conjugate Heat Transfer ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Air Flow Rate ◽  
Gas Flow Rate ◽  
Operating Environment ◽  
Glass Microspheres ◽  
Flame Reactor ◽  
Differential Scanning Colorimetry ◽  
Gas Flame

A model for the process of glass microsphere production in a recuperative gas-flame reactor was proposed. Based on the described mathematical model of heating and motion of particles in a high-temperature gas stream, which takes into account conjugate heat exchange between the reactor’s operating environment and the recuperator, the appropriate processes were modeled and optimized by geometric and regime parameters. The particle location time in the reactor at a temperature above 1400 °С, which was determined by data of differential scanning colorimetry, was used as an optimized charac- С, which was determined by data of differential scanning colorimetry, was used as an optimized charac- , which was determined by data of differential scanning colorimetry, was used as an optimized characteristic.As a result of optimization calculations, the reactor parameters (diameter and height, natural gas flow rate, air flow rate in the recuperator) were found, as well as regime parameters (diameter and flow rate of glass particles), under which microspheres can be formed. The information obtained can be a basis for designing an effective gas-flame reactor for production of glass microspheres.

Experiment Research on Air Flow Rate Measurement Using Tracer Gas Method

2011 ◽  
Vol 374-377 ◽  
pp. 520-523
Author(s):  
Xian Yang Zeng ◽  
Zuo He Chi ◽  
Ming Guang Zheng ◽  
Gong Gang Sun ◽  
Guang Xue Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Internal Diameter ◽  
Sampling Point ◽  
Air Flow Rate ◽  
Gas Flow Rate ◽  
Flow Rate Measurement ◽  
Tracer Gas ◽  
Injection Point ◽  
Relative Errors

Experiment research on the air flow rate measurement using tracer gas method in a 300mm internal diameter and 90° elbow duct are presented, which CO and air are selected as tracer gas and gas stream. Results show that the relative errors between the flow rate measured by tracer gas method and turbine flowmeter are varied in the range of -2.15%~1.69% when the injection point is upstream of the elbow on 7D~13D (D is the internal diameter of the duct), and the sampling point is downstream of the elbow on 10D~14D. The further distances of the injection point and sampling point are apart, the less relative errors of the gas flow rate measured by tracer gas method and turbine flowmeter are made. The injection flow rate of tracer gas should be matched with the gas flow rate in the duct. It is a simple and effective method that gas flowmeter online calibration with tracer gas method on the large diameter industrial gas pipeline transportation.

scholarly journals Joining of Stainless Steel with Novel Filler Material and its Weldability Studies

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 18-19
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Weld Joint ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Filler Material ◽  
Filler Materials ◽  
Gas Flow Rate

Welding of Austenitic Stainless steels results in the emission of hexavalent chromium [Cr+6] fumes due to the presence of 18-22% chromium content in the stainless steel base and its filler materials. These hexavalent fumes are carcinogenic and cause respiratory problems to the welders and personnel in the vicinity of welding. In the present research work, novel Chromium free Nickel-based filler material of % wt composition 41 Ni, 8 Co, 16 Fe, 14Mo, 7 Mn, 8 Cu, 3 Nb, 1 Ti, 1 Si, 1 Al is developed and its weldability with stainless steel is studied. The microstructure and chemical composition of different metallurgical phases in the filler material and weld joints are studied using different microscopy tools and X-Ray Diffraction, respectively. The ultimate tensile strength of the filler material and weld joint welded by developed filler material is found to be 536MPa and 487 MPa, respectively. The average hardness and toughness of the filler material and welded joint are 190VHN &110J and 209VHN & 89 VHN, respectively. Results of Potentio-dynamic polarization and Inter Granular corrosion cracking (IGCC) of the weld joint has shown the corrosion rate of 1.575e-004 mils/year and 354.56 miles/year, respectively. Mechanical properties and corrosion rate of weldments welded by novel filler material are compared with that of conventional filler material. Design of experiments(DOE) using Taguchi L9 array is formulated to understand the influence of Welding current, root gap, and gas flow rate on output parameters such as Tensile Strength, Toughness, and corrosion resistance of weldment. DOE using RSM has shown maximum Tensile strength of 487Mpa, maximum Hardness of 209 VHN, and a minimum corrosion rate of 1.575e-004 mils/year has obtained with an optimum current value of 130A, 11.79 litres/min gas flow rate, and 2.33mm root gap.

Investigation on the Jet Stiffness Characteristics of a Novel Plasma Igniter

2019 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sibo Wang ◽  
Jinlu Yu ◽  
Jingfeng Ye ◽  
Guohua Li ◽  
Danqing Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Plasma Jet ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Input Current ◽  
Ignition Energy ◽  
Air Plasma ◽  
Gas Flow Rate ◽  
Plasma Ignition ◽  
Stiffness Characteristics

Abstract Plasma ignition technology is the research frontier in the field of energy and power. In this paper, a novel type of plasma jet igniter called pre-combustion plasma jet igniter is designed and the experimental results show that it has great potential in strengthening jet stiffness, improving ignition energy, decreasing ignition energy consumption and reducing igniter ablation. The value S called jet stiffness is defined for the first time to reflect the stiffness characteristics of the plasma jet. And the effects of jet gas flow rate, fuel-air ratio and input current on the jet stiffness are investigated experimentally. The experimental results show that the stiffness of the pre-combustion plasma jet is significantly stronger than that of the air plasma jet. When the total jet gas flow rate is increased from 16 L/min to 40 L/min, the stiffness of the air plasma jet and the pre-combustion plasma jet are increased by 73.3 % and 27.2 % respectively. When the current value reaches 30 A, the jet stiffness is increased by about 70 % compared to the input current of 20 A.

How Dry Is Dry?

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Hartloper ◽  
K. K. Botros ◽  
V. Liu ◽  
G. Lalonde ◽  
J. Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Dew Point ◽  
Mountainous Terrain ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Air Flow Rate ◽  
Gas Flow Rate ◽  
Air Drying ◽  
Start Up

Air drying is used after dewatering to dry a pipeline or piping facility before commissioning it with natural gas. This process typically involves blowing dehydrated air through the pipe sections until they are determined to be suitably dry. The question addressed in this paper is: how dry is dry? A common metric used to judge the pipe section’s dryness is the drying air’s outlet water dew point. Typically, air drying continues until a suitably dry low water dew point, such as −40°C, is measured at the outlet of the pipeline or facility. However, there is currently a lack of understanding of how this final outlet water dew point relates to the remaining water and thus the subsequent start up of the pipeline or facility. If the outlet water dew point is higher than required, issues may arise upon start up; e.g., hydrates could form along the pipeline or at downstream facilities. Conversely, if the outlet water dew point is lower than required, unnecessary time would have been spent in drying, and hence higher cost. This paper advocates an approach to determine when air drying is complete that considers the start-up phase. The approach consists of two parts. In the first part, the air drying parameters (drying air flow rate, inlet water dew point, etc.) and the final outlet water dew point are used to quantify the volume and surface area of water remaining after the drying process is completed. In the second part, the evaporation of this water into the gas flowing through the pipeline/facility after commissioning and start up is modeled as a function of the gas flow rate, temperature, pressure and inlet water content. Then, the water content of the gas at the delivery points is calculated. This increase can then be evaluated in reference to the water content specifications at the delivery points. The approach is exemplified by a 31 km NPS 48 pipeline over a mountainous terrain.

Fabrication of Plasma Treated Nano Zinc Oxide/PP/PLA Composites Filaments Using Melt Spinning

2009 ◽  
Vol 610-613 ◽  
pp. 323-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Chen Zhang ◽  
Hong Yan Wu ◽  
Y.P. Qiu
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Melt Spinning ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Gas Flow Rate ◽  
Multiple Regressions ◽  
Nano Zinc Oxide ◽  
Oxygen Gas ◽  
Nano Zinc

The Melt spinning technique of Nano Zinc Oxide/PP/PLA composites filaments fabricated by plasma treated Nano Zinc Oxide（NZOP） was studied in the present investigation. The experimental results showed that the physical and mechanical properties of Nano Zinc Oxide/PP/PLA composites filaments depended on the following factors of the percentage of NZOP, the percentage of maleic anhydride (MAH), the plasma treatment parameters, helium gas flow rate, output power, sample treatment or stationary time and oxygen gas flow rate. Among them the oxygen gas flow rate had the significant influence on the filament properties of tensile modulus, the yield strength, the melting temperature and the crystallization temperature. Stepwise multiple regressions orthogonal design method of system optimization was used to determine the percent of contribution of each factor. It was found that the four indicators were different by these analyses. The experimental results indicated that the optimized conditions by stepwise multiple regressions were better than that by traditional analysis.

SCIENTIFIC AND ENGINEERING PRINCIPLES OF EFFICIENT FUEL USE AND ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY GAS COMBUSTION IN STOVE PLATES. PART 1. MODERN STATE-OF-THE-ART AND DIRECTIONS FOR IMPROVEMENT THE GAS BURNING IN DOMESTIC GAS COOKERS

2017 ◽  
pp. 3-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.S. Soroka ◽  
V.V. Horupa
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Orifice Diameter ◽  
Firing Process ◽  
Gas Flow Rate ◽  
Gas Combustion ◽  
Gas Stoves

Natural gas NG consumption in industry and energy of Ukraine, in recent years falls down as a result of the crisis in the country’s economy, to a certain extent due to the introduction of renewable energy sources along with alternative technologies, while in the utility sector the consumption of fuel gas flow rate enhancing because of an increase the number of consumers. The natural gas is mostly using by domestic purpose for heating of premises and for cooking. These items of the gas utilization in Ukraine are already exceeding the NG consumption in industry. Cooking is proceeding directly in the living quarters, those usually do not meet the requirements of the Ukrainian norms DBN for the ventilation procedures. NG use in household gas stoves is of great importance from the standpoint of controlling the emissions of harmful components of combustion products along with maintenance the satisfactory energy efficiency characteristics of NG using. The main environment pollutants when burning the natural gas in gas stoves are including the nitrogen oxides NOx (to a greater extent — highly toxic NO2 component), carbon oxide CO, formaldehyde CH2O as well as hydrocarbons (unburned UHC and polyaromatic PAH). An overview of environmental documents to control CO and NOx emissions in comparison with the proper norms by USA, EU, Russian Federation, Australia and China, has been completed. The modern designs of the burners for gas stoves are considered along with defining the main characteristics: heat power, the natural gas flow rate, diameter of gas orifice, diameter and spacing the firing openings and other parameters. The modern physical and chemical principles of gas combustion by means of atmospheric ejection burners of gas cookers have been analyzed from the standpoints of combustion process stabilization and of ensuring the stability of flares. Among the factors of the firing process destabilization within the framework of analysis above mentioned, the following forms of unstable combustion/flame unstabilities have been considered: flashback, blow out or flame lifting, and the appearance of flame yellow tips. Bibl. 37, Fig. 11, Tab. 7.

On the Influence of Fluctuating Flow Rate Upon the Performance and Behaviour of Isothermal Reacting Systems

1998 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 881-898
Author(s):  
Otakar Trnka ◽  
Miloslav Hartman
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Fluidized Bed Reactor ◽  
Computational Techniques ◽  
Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor ◽  
Gas Flow Rate ◽  
Solid Reaction ◽  
Continuous Stirred Tank ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Reacting Systems

Three simple computational techniques are proposed and employed to demonstrate the effect of fluctuating flow rate of feed on the behaviour and performance of an isothermal, continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR). A fluidized bed reactor (FBR), in which a non-catalytic gas-solid reaction occurs, is also considered. The influence of amplitude and frequency of gas flow rate fluctuations on reactant concentrations at the exit of the CSTR is shown in four different situations.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document