Application of hopping theory for the prediction of charge mobility in amorphous organic materials

2012 ◽  
Vol 1402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl Sohlberg ◽  
Choongkeun Lee ◽  
Robert Waterland
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Organic Materials ◽  
Reorganization Energy ◽  
Hole Mobility ◽  
Charge Hole ◽  
Numerical Approximations ◽  
Material Density ◽  
Charge Mobility ◽  
Lower Charge ◽  
Insight Into

ABSTRACTThe application of hopping theory for the prediction of charge (hole) mobility in amorphous organic molecular materials is studied in detail. Application is made to amorphous cells of N,N’-diphenyl-N,N’-bis-(3-methylphenylene)-1,1’-diphenyl-4,4’-diamine (TPD), N4,N4’-di(biphenyl-3-yl)-N4,N4’-diphenylbiphenyl-4,4’-diamine (mBPD), 1,1-bis-(4,4’-diethylaminophenyl)-4,4-diphenyl-1,3,butadinene (DEPB), N1,N4-di(naphthalen-1-yl)-N1,N4-diphenylbenzene-1,4-diamine (NNP), and N,N’-bis[9,9-dimethyl-2-fluorenyl]-N,N’-diphenyl-9,9-dimethylfluorene-2,7-diamine (pFFA). Detailed analysis of the computation of each of the parameters in the equations for hopping rate is presented, including studies of their convergence with respect to various numerical approximations. Based on these convergence studies, the most robust practical methodology is applied to investigate the dependence of mobility on such parameters as the monomer reorganization energy, the monomer-monomer coupling and the material density. The results give insight into what factors should be controlled to develop materials with higher (or lower) charge (hole) mobility, and what will be required to improve the accuracy of predictions of mobility in amorphous organic materials.

A novel structure of grid spirofluorene: a new organic semiconductor with low reorganization energy

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (20) ◽  
pp. 7790-7796 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Yang ◽  
Jie Mao ◽  
Cheng-Zhu Yin ◽  
Mohamad Akbar Ali ◽  
Xiang-Ping Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Semiconductors ◽  
Organic Semiconductor ◽  
Reorganization Energy ◽  
Charge Mobility ◽  
Inorganic Semiconductors ◽  
Novel Structure ◽  
Lower Charge

The lower charge mobility of organic semiconductors relative to that of inorganic semiconductors is a thorny problem that still has not been resolved.

Theoretical study of charge-transport and optical properties of indeno[1,2-b]fluorene-6,12-dione-based semiconducting materials

2018 ◽  
Vol 74 (6) ◽  
pp. 705-711 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin-Dou Huang ◽  
Jinfeng Zhao ◽  
Kun Yu ◽  
Xiaohua Huang ◽  
Shi-Bo Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Charge Transport ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Reorganization Energy ◽  
Hole Mobility ◽  
Side Chains ◽  
Semiconducting Materials ◽  
Π Stacking ◽  
Electron Transfer Theory ◽  
Reorganization Energies

The conducting and optical properties of a series of indeno[1,2-b]fluorene-6,12-dione (IFD)-based molecules have been systematically studied and the influences of butyl, butylthio and dibutylamino substituents on the reorganization energies, intermolecular electronic couplings and charge-injection barriers of IFD have been discussed. The quantum-chemical calculations combined with electron-transfer theory reveal that the incorporation of sulfur-linked side chains decreases reorganization energy associated with hole transfer and optimizes intermolecular π–π stacking, which results in excellent ambipolar charge-transport properties (μh = 1.15 cm2 V−1 s−1 and μe = 0.08 cm2 V−1 s−1); in comparison, addition of dibutylamino side chains increases intermolecular steric interactions and hinders perfect intermolecular π–π stacking, which results in the weak electronic couplings and finally causes the low intrinsic hole mobility (μh = 0.01 cm2 V−1 s−1). Furthermore, electronic spectra of butyl-IFD, butylthio-IFD and dibutylamino-IFD were simulated and compared with the reported experimental data. Calculations demonstrate that IFD-based molecules possess potential for developing novel infrared and near-infrared probe materials via suitable chemical modifications.

scholarly journals Judging the Judge in Giovanni Boccaccio’s Decameron

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 567-584
Author(s):  
Clare Sandford-Couch
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Fourteenth Century ◽  
Public Perception ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Historical Understanding ◽  
Administration Of Justice ◽  
Judicial Authority ◽  
Insight Into

Taking an interdisciplinary approach the article offers a fresh legal historical understanding of the Fifth Story of the Eighth Day in Giovanni Boccaccio’s Decameron. Detailed analysis of the tale reveals much about the realities of the administration of justice in fourteenth century Florence and contemporary expectations of those exercising judicial authority. In making apparent the expectation that judges would look and act in a certain manner, the article suggests that Boccaccio’s story can be interpreted as offering an insight into the extent to which public perception of a man’s identity as a judge was dependent upon his appearance and attire.

What Constitutes a Smart City?

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-29
Author(s):  
Sekhar Kondepudi ◽  
Ramita Kondepudi
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Strong Dependence ◽  
Common Theme ◽  
Standard Definition ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Holistic Description ◽  
Insight Into

This chapter provides an insight into what is meant by a Smart City and the underlying factors that make a city smart. The authors answer the question of “what constitutes a smart city” by presenting a multi-faceted approach including a detailed analysis of classical smart city definitions, attributes of a smart city, industry viewpoints and efforts by standards developing organizations. Through this approach, a common theme is established which best describes a smart city. The content of this chapter can therefore form the basis of developing a standard definition of a global smart city, and subsequently can be used to develop a framework to measure the performance of a smart city. The authors also propose a definition which in their view provides a reasonably holistic description of a smart city. However, they recognize that a smart city may mean different things to different stakeholders, and therefore has a strong dependence on the “lens” through which a smart city is viewed.

What Constitutes a Smart City?

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-29
Author(s):  
Sekhar Kondepudi ◽  
Ramita Kondepudi
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Strong Dependence ◽  
Common Theme ◽  
Standard Definition ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Holistic Description ◽  
Insight Into

This chapter provides an insight into what is meant by a Smart City and the underlying factors that make a city smart. The authors answer the question of “what constitutes a smart city” by presenting a multi-faceted approach including a detailed analysis of classical smart city definitions, attributes of a smart city, industry viewpoints and efforts by standards developing organizations. Through this approach, a common theme is established which best describes a smart city. The content of this chapter can therefore form the basis of developing a standard definition of a global smart city, and subsequently can be used to develop a framework to measure the performance of a smart city. The authors also propose a definition which in their view provides a reasonably holistic description of a smart city. However, they recognize that a smart city may mean different things to different stakeholders, and therefore has a strong dependence on the “lens” through which a smart city is viewed.

Prediction of Charge Mobility in Amorphous Organic Materials through the Application of Hopping Theory

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 2556-2567 ◽  
Author(s):  
Choongkeun Lee ◽  
Robert Waterland ◽  
Karl Sohlberg
Keyword(s):  
Organic Materials ◽  
Charge Mobility

New insight into intramolecular conjugation in the design of efficient blue materials: from the control of emission to absorption

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (25) ◽  
pp. 6185-6192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Yang ◽  
Qingxun Guo ◽  
Zichun Ren ◽  
Xuming Gao ◽  
Qian Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hole Mobility ◽  
Theoretical Limit ◽  
Insight Into

Three blue luminogens of Cz-3tPE, TPA-3TPP and Cz-3TPP, have been successfully designed, in which, Cz-3TPP shows a high hole mobility of 0.83 × 10−3 cm2 V−1 s−1 and the best EL performance with EQE up to 4.27% at 397 nm, approaching the theoretical limit.

On the development of the Romance demonstrative systems

Diachronica ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Stavinschi
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
Second Person ◽  
Genetic Relation ◽  
Recurrent Patterns ◽  
Insight Into

The paper provides a structured account of the evolution of the Romance pronominal/adnominal demonstrative systems, using both the analysis of medieval corpora and recent fieldwork. It identifies the mechanisms involved, building on a detailed analysis of the textual and extra-textual usage of demonstratives, which gives new insight into the nature of deixis and anaphora. The evidence shows that the genetic relation between deictics and anaphorics is not unidirectional: not only can anaphors originate from deictics, the reverse can also be shown to hold true, with pure anaphorics appearing to be a viable source for second-person deictics. The main driving force in the process is subjectification, which conditions the development at every stage. The evolution follows predictable pathways and turns out to be cyclic: three main recurrent patterns are clearly identifiable for all the varieties investigated.

scholarly journals A comparative study of proximity in Iranian and American newspaper editorials

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 796-815
Author(s):  
Mohammad Alipour ◽  
Parastoo Jahanbin
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Major Elements ◽  
Linguistic Differences ◽  
Argumentative Structure ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Newspaper Editorials

The study is aimed at gaining further insight into the concept of proximity and its contribution to text development in general and newspaper editorials in particular. It also furthers our understanding of cross-linguistic differences in the use of metadiscourse. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate and compare proximity elements in Iranian and American newspaper editorials. Following Hyland's proximity model (2010a) which comprises five major elements, organization, argumentative structure, stance, engagement, and credibility , we focused on a detailed analysis of proximity features in two corpora, Iranian newspaper editorials and American newspaper editorials. To this aim, 240 newspaper editorials, including 120 editorials from each category, were collected. The outcomes revealed that there were significant differences in the use of proximity elements in the mentioned corpora. It was demonstrated that stance markers were considerably more recurrent in the American data than their Iranian counterpart. Unlike the American editorials, the Iranian ones contained a larger number of engagement markers. The key reasons behind such discrepancies are discussed in terms of differences in cultural, social, and political backgrounds. This study can be helpful for English for Specific/Academic Purposes (ES/AP) learners who study journalistic English to become familiar with proximity.

scholarly journals Keyword Categorization using Statistical Methods

TEM Journal ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1377-1384
Author(s):  
Dominika Krasňanská ◽  
Silvia Komara ◽  
Mária Vojtková
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Search Engine ◽  
Statistical Methods ◽  
Online Advertising ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Keyword Analysis ◽  
Total Analysis Time ◽  
Total Analysis ◽  
Insight Into

Keyword analysis is a way to gain insight into market behaviour. It is a detailed analysis of words and phrases that are relevant to the selected area. Keyword analysis should be the first step in any search engine optimization, as it reveals what keywords users enter into search engines when searching the Internet. The keyword categorization process takes up almost half of the total analysis time, as it is not automated. There is currently no known tool in the online advertising market that facilitates keyword categorization. The main goal of this paper is to streamline the process of keyword analysis using selected statistical methods of machine learning applied in the categorization of a specific example.

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