Comparison Between the Phase Transition of Physically Confined Cyclohexane and 1-Decanol inside Nano Porous Silica

2012 ◽  
Vol 1423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hillary C. Bauer ◽  
Alexandrea D. Safiq ◽  
Jargalsaikhan Dulmaa ◽  
Amer S. Khraisat ◽  
Samuel Amanuel
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Porous Silica ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Spherical Molecule

ABSTRACTThe thickness of non-freezing interfacial 1-decanol molecules has been estimated to be 1.44 ± 0.07 nm. This is smaller than what is estimated for cyclohexane, 2.25 ± 0.14nm. Furthermore, these interfacial molecules have higher density than corresponding bulk cyclohexane and 1-decanol, respectively. However, the change in density of the interfacial molecules is more significant in the case of cyclohexane than 1-decanol. This suggests that the cyclohexane molecules near the walls of the pore are more tightly packed than 1-decanol molecules. Presumably, this is due to the difference in size and shape of the molecules. Cyclohexane, a more spherical molecule, can easily be packed in smaller pores than the longer 1-decanol.

Heat Treatment Effects on Distortion, Residual Stress, and Retained Austenite in Carburized 4320 Steel

2014 ◽  
Vol 783-786 ◽  
pp. 692-697 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Clark ◽  
Randy J. Bowers ◽  
Derek O. Northwood
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Residual Stress ◽  
Retained Austenite ◽  
Compressive Residual Stress ◽  
Surface Residual Stress ◽  
Depth Profiles ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
Austenite Content ◽  
Treatment Conditions ◽  
The Difference

The effects of heat treatment on distortion, residual stress, and retained austenite were compared for case-carburized 4320 steel, in both the austempered and quench-and-tempered condition. Navy C-ring samples were used to quantify both size and shape distortions, as well as residual stress. The austempering heat treatment produced less distortion and a higher surface residual stress. Both hoop and axial stresses were measured; the difference between them was less than seven percent in all cases. Depth profiles were obtained for residual stress and retained austenite from representative C-ring samples for the austempered and quench-and-tempered heat treatment conditions. Austempering maintained a compressive residual stress to greater depths than quench-and-tempering. Quench-and-tempering also resulted in lower retained austenite amounts immediately beneath the surface. However, for both heat treatments, the retained austenite content was approximately one percent at depths greater than 0.5 mm.

Studies on proper time regularization and the QCD chiral phase transition

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (01) ◽  
pp. 1950003
Author(s):  
Yu-Qiang Cui ◽  
Zhong-Liang Pan
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Small Parameter ◽  
Effective Mass ◽  
Finite Temperature ◽  
Chemical Potential ◽  
Proper Time ◽  
Chiral Phase ◽  
Chiral Phase Transition ◽  
Njl Model ◽  
The Difference

We investigate the finite-temperature and zero quark chemical potential QCD chiral phase transition of strongly interacting matter within the two-flavor Nambu–Jona-Lasinio (NJL) model as well as the proper time regularization. We use two different regularization processes, as discussed in Refs. 36 and 37, separately, to discuss how the effective mass M varies with the temperature T. Based on the calculation, we find that the M of both regularization schemes decreases when T increases. However, for three different parameter sets, quite different behaviors will show up. The results obtained by the method in Ref. 36 are very close to each other, but those in Ref. 37 are getting farther and farther from each other. This means that although the method in Ref. 37 seems physically more reasonable, it loses the advantage in Ref. 36 of a small parameter dependence. In addition, we also, find that two regularization schemes provide similar results when T [Formula: see text] 100 MeV, while when T is larger than 100 MeV, the difference becomes obvious: the M calculated by the method in Ref. 36 decreases more rapidly than that in Ref. 37.

scholarly journals The magnitude of variation in temperature within a year has an effect on the seasonal variations of chickenpox incidence in Japan

2001 ◽  
Vol 126 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. KOKAZE ◽  
M. YOSHIDA ◽  
Y. SEKINE ◽  
M. ISHIKAWA ◽  
T. KUROKOCHI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Close Correlation ◽  
Daily Temperature ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Two Peaks ◽  
Second Peak

We investigated the epidemic pattern of chickenpox incidence among 47 prefectures in Japan. There were two peaks in chickenpox incidence in all prefectures. The first peaks appear at almost the same time in a year, while the second peaks occur at different times with relatively different types of size and shape. The feature of the second peak might characterize the epidemic pattern of chickenpox. We first introduced the second peak index, that is, the ratio of the difference between the incidence at the point of the second peak and the minimum incidence between the first and second peaks to the difference between the incidence at the point of the second peak and the minimum incidence in the year. There was a close correlation between the second peak index and the magnitude of variation in temperature within a year corresponding to the difference between the maximum and the minimum of the monthly mean of the highest daily temperature. This is the first article focusing on the close relationship between the second peak of epidemic pattern of chickenpox incidence and the variation of temperature within a year.

scholarly journals Holographic Lifshitz superconductors with Weyl correction

2020 ◽  
Vol 80 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun-Wang Lu ◽  
Ya-Bo Wu ◽  
Bao-Ping Dong ◽  
Yu Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Black Hole ◽  
Critical Temperature ◽  
Numerical Method ◽  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Competitive Effects ◽  
Lifshitz Black Hole ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Lower Temperature ◽  
Numerical And Analytical Methods

AbstractAt the probe approximation, we construct a holographic p-wave conductor/superconductor model in the five-dimensional Lifshitz black hole with the Weyl correction via both numerical and analytical methods, and study the effects of the Lifshitz parameter z as well as the Weyl parameter $$\gamma $$ γ on the superconductor model. As we take into account one of the two corrections separately, the increasing z ($$\gamma $$ γ ) inhibits(enhances) the superconductor phase transition. When the two corrections are considered comprehensively, they display the obviously competitive effects on both the critical temperature and the vector condensate. In particular, the promoting effects of the Weyl parameter $$\gamma $$ γ on the critical temperature are obviously suppressed by the increasing Lifshitz parameter. Meanwhile, in the case of $$z<2.35$$ z < 2.35 ($$z>2.35$$ z > 2.35 ), the condensate at lower temperature decreases(increases) with the increasing Weyl parameter $$\gamma $$ γ . What is more, the difference among the condensate with the fixed Weyl parameter($$\gamma =-\frac{6}{100},0,\frac{4}{100}$$ γ = - 6 100 , 0 , 4 100 ) decreases(increases) with the increasing Lifshitz parameter z in the region $$z<2.35$$ z < 2.35 ($$z>2.35$$ z > 2.35 ). Furthermore, the increasing z obviously suppresses the real part of conductivity for all value of the Weyl parameter $$\gamma $$ γ . In addition, the analytical results agree well with the ones from the numerical method.

Size and shape modifications, phase transition, and enhanced luminescence of fluoride nanocrystals induced by doping

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (18) ◽  
pp. 3158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangfu Wang ◽  
Yanyan Bu ◽  
Yang Xiao ◽  
Caixia Kan ◽  
Di Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
Enhanced Luminescence

Phase transition of capillary condensed liquids in porous silica: effect of surface hydroxyl groups

1995 ◽  
Vol 267 ◽  
pp. 159-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Takei ◽  
T. Konishi ◽  
M. Fuji ◽  
T. Watanabe ◽  
M. Chikazawa
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Porous Silica ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Surface Hydroxyl ◽  
Surface Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Effect Of Surface

scholarly journals Study of the Comparative Effect of Sintering Methods and Sintering Additives on the Microstructure and Performance of Si3N4 Ceramic

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (13) ◽  
pp. 2142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liangliang Yang ◽  
Allah Ditta ◽  
Bo Feng ◽  
Yue Zhang ◽  
Zhipeng Xie
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Relative Density ◽  
Transition Rate ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Si3n4 Ceramic ◽  
Sintering Additives ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Performance

The Si3N4 ceramics were prepared in this study by gas pressure sintering (GPS) and spark plasma sintering (SPS) techniques, using 5 wt.% Yb2O3–2 wt.% Al2O3 and 5 wt.% CeO2–2 wt.% Al2O3 as sintering additives. Based on the difference in sintering methods and sintering additive systems, the relative density, phase composition, phase transition rate, microstructure, mechanical properties, and thermal conductivity were comparatively investigated and analyzed. SPS proved to be more efficient than GPS, producing higher relative density, bending strength, hardness, and thermal conductivity of Si3N4 ceramic with both additive systems; however, the phase transition rate and fracture toughness were lower. Similarly, higher bending strength, hardness, and thermal conductivity were achieved with Yb2O3–Al2O3 than CeO2–Al2O3 in the case of GPS and SPS, and only the relative density, fracture toughness, and phase transition rate were lower.

scholarly journals Effect of Transition Metal Substitution on the Charge-Transfer Phase Transition and Ferromagnetism of Dithiooxalato-Bridged Hetero Metal Complexes, (n-C3H7)4N[FeII1−xMnIIxFeIII(dto)3]

Crystals ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masaya Enomoto ◽  
Hiromichi Ida ◽  
Atsushi Okazawa ◽  
Norimichi Kojima
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Charge Transfer ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Mixed Valence ◽  
Ferromagnetic Phase ◽  
Ferromagnetic Transition ◽  
Transfer Phase ◽  
Spin Configuration ◽  
Ion Radius ◽  
The Difference

The dithiooxalato-bridged iron mixed-valence complex (n-C3H7)4N[FeIIFeIII(dto)3] (dto = dithiooxalato) undergoes a novel charge-transfer phase transition (CTPT) accompanied by electron transfer between adjacent FeII and FeIII sites. The CTPT influences the ferromagnetic transition temperature according to the change of spin configuration on the iron sites. To reveal the mechanism of the CTPT, we have synthesized the series of metal-substituted complexes (n-C3H7)4N[FeII1-xMnIIxFeIII(dto)3] (x = 0–1) and investigated their physical properties by means of magnetic susceptibility and dielectric constant measurements. With increasing MnII concentration, x, MnII-substituted complexes show the disappearance of CTPT above x = 0.04, while the ferromagnetic phase remains in the whole range of x. These results are quite different from the physical properties of the ZnII-substituted complex, (n-C3H7)4N[FeII1-xZnIIxFeIII(dto)3], which is attributed to the difference of ion radius as well as the spin states of MnII and ZnII.

scholarly journals QUANTUM CREATION OF A TOPOLOGICAL BLACK HOLE

2000 ◽  
Vol 15 (25) ◽  
pp. 1589-1595 ◽  
Author(s):  
ZHONG CHAO WU
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Black Hole ◽  
De Sitter ◽  
Sitter Background ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Universe

The constrained instanton method is used to study quantum creation of a vacuum or charged topological black hole. At the WKB level, the relative creation probability is the exponential of a quarter of the sum of the horizon areas associated with the seed instanton. The universe without a black hole has the highest creation probability. The difference between this creation scenario and the Hawking–Page phase transition in the anti-de Sitter background is clarified.

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