Dependence of photoelectrochemical performance on TiO2 nanorod length

2012 ◽  
Vol 1512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jen-Chun Chou ◽  
Min-Han Yang ◽  
Jon-Yiew Gan
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Water Splitting ◽  
Light Absorption ◽  
Carrier Transport ◽  
Diffusion Length ◽  
Important Variable ◽  
Photoelectrochemical Performance ◽  
Absorption Length ◽  
Solar Hydrogen ◽  
Splitting Water

AbstractTiO2 is one of the most promising photoanodes for solar-hydrogen conversion by water splitting. Recently, hydrothermally synthetic rutile TiO2 nanorods (NRs) show outstanding photoelectrochemical (PEC) performance in water splitting because of its large surface area, fast carrier transport, and short diffusion length. However, light absorption and carrier transport conflict. Few have investigated the dependence of PEC performance on NR length. This study examines how different TiO2 NR lengths grown on an FTO substrate affects their PEC performance when splitting water. The results show that the optimal absorption length of rutile TiO2 NRs is 3.75 μm. However, under simulated solar illumination (AM1.5 G), the maximum PEC efficiency of these TiO2 NRs is 0.33% at a length of 500 nm. This suggests that carrier transport is the most important variable for improving PEC efficiency.

scholarly journals Efficient solar-driven water splitting by nanocone BiVO4-perovskite tandem cells

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. e1501764 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongcai Qiu ◽  
Wei Liu ◽  
Wei Chen ◽  
Wei Chen ◽  
Guangmin Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Splitting ◽  
Light Absorption ◽  
Diffusion Length ◽  
Narrow Band ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Water ◽  
Hydrogen Electrode ◽  
Efficient Charge ◽  
Multiple Light Scattering ◽  
Pec Water Splitting

Bismuth vanadate (BiVO4) has been widely regarded as a promising photoanode material for photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting because of its low cost, its high stability against photocorrosion, and its relatively narrow band gap of 2.4 eV. However, the achieved performance of the BiVO4 photoanode remains unsatisfactory to date because its short carrier diffusion length restricts the total thickness of the BiVO4 film required for sufficient light absorption. We addressed the issue by deposition of nanoporous Mo-doped BiVO4 (Mo:BiVO4) on an engineered cone-shaped nanostructure, in which the Mo:BiVO4 layer with a larger effective thickness maintains highly efficient charge separation and high light absorption capability, which can be further enhanced by multiple light scattering in the nanocone structure. As a result, the nanocone/Mo:BiVO4/Fe(Ni)OOH photoanode exhibits a high water-splitting photocurrent of 5.82 ± 0.36 mA cm−2 at 1.23 V versus the reversible hydrogen electrode under 1-sun illumination. We also demonstrate that the PEC cell in tandem with a single perovskite solar cell exhibits unassisted water splitting with a solar-to-hydrogen conversion efficiency of up to 6.2%.

scholarly journals Enhanced photoelectrochemical water splitting performance using morphology-controlled BiVO4 with W doping

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 2640-2647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Zhao ◽  
Zhong Chen
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Light Absorption ◽  
Charge Separation ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Charge Injection ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Solvent Ratio ◽  
Photoelectrochemical Performance ◽  
Interfacial Charge

Nanostructures exhibit numerous merits to improve the efficiency in solar-to-energy conversion. These include shortened carrier collection pathways, an increased volume ratio between depletion layer and bulk, enhanced light capture due to multiple light scattering in nanostructures, and a high surface area for photochemical conversion reactions. In this study, we describe the synthesis of morphology-controlled W-doped BiVO4 by simply tuning the solvent ratio in precursor solutions. Planar and porous W-doped BiVO4 thin films were prepared and compared. The porous film, which exhibits increased surface area and enhanced light absorption, has displayed enhanced charge separation and interfacial charge injection. Our quantitative analysis showed an enhancement of about 50% of the photoelectrochemical performance for the porous structure compared to the planar structure. This enhancement is attributed to improved light absorption (13% increase), charge separation (14% increase), and interfacial charge injection (20% increase).

scholarly journals Manufacturing CuxZn1-xS Photocatalysts and Their Solar H2 Production Characteristics with Varying Cu Content

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (12) ◽  
pp. 907-914
Author(s):  
Soojin Kahng ◽  
Jung Hyeun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Production Rate ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Water Splitting ◽  
Light Absorption ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
H2 Production ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Solar Water ◽  
Solar Water Splitting ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy

Solar water splitting is an attractive method for producing hydrogen from renewable natural resources, and heterostructure photocatalysts have been widely investigated for photocatalytic applications. Hetero-component photocatalysts can reduce the charge recombination process by improving electron utilization, and are considered promising candidates for solar water splitting. Amongst various heterostructure systems, combinations of copper and zinc have been advantageous for constructing efficient band potential energy systems. In this work, CuxZn1-xS composite photocatalysts were solvothermally prepared with various copper contents. The morphology of the CuxZn1-xS photocatalysts was examined using scanning electron microscopy, and the crystalline structures were established with an X-ray diffractometer. Atomic analyses of the surface components of the photocatalysts were performed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. UV-Vis spectroscopy and photoluminescence spectroscopy were also used to examine the efficiency of the photocatalysts’ light responses. Brunauer Emmett Teller analyses were employed to characterize the surface area and pore volume of the photocatalysts. Among the various CuxZn1-xS compositions, the highest H2 production rate was determined to be 1122 µmol g<sup>-1</sup> h<sup>-1</sup> from the Cu0.03Zn0.97S photocatalyst. This highest H2 production rate is strongly related to the observed efficient light absorption, and its influence on charge generation. The improvement is mainly attributed to the optimized charge separation and utilization, high visible light absorption, and high surface area of the photocatalyst.

One-Dimensional TiO2@GaON Core-Shell Nanowires with Controlled Shell Thickness from Atomic Layer Deposition for Stable and Efficient Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiajia Tao ◽  
Hong-Ping Ma ◽  
Kaiping Yuan ◽  
Yang Gu ◽  
Jianwei Lian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Layer Deposition ◽  
Band Gap ◽  
Water Splitting ◽  
Atomic Layer ◽  
Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting ◽  
Core Shell ◽  
Photoelectrochemical Performance ◽  
Highly Efficient ◽  
Layer Deposition ◽  
Shell Nanowires

<div>As a promising oxygen evolution reaction semiconductor, TiO2 has been extensively investigated for solar photoelectrochemical water splitting. Here, a highly efficient and stable strategy for rationally preparing GaON cocatalysts on TiO2 by atomic layer deposition is demonstrated, which we show significantly enhances the</div><div>photoelectrochemical performance compared to TiO2-based photoanodes. For TiO2@20 nm-GaON core-shell nanowires a photocurrent density up to 1.10 mA cm-2 (1.23 V vs RHE) under AM 1.5 G irradiation (100 mW cm-2) has been achieved, which is 14 times higher than that of TiO2 NWs. Furthermore, the oxygen vacancy formation on GaON as well as the band gap matching with TiO2 not only provides more active sites for water oxidation but also enhances light absorption to promote interfacial charge separation and migration. Density functional theory studies of model systems of GaON-modified TiO2 confirm the band gap reduction, high reducibility and ability to activate water. The highly efficient and stable systems of TiO2@GaON core-shell nanowires provide a deeper understanding and universal strategy for enhancing photoelectrochemical performance of photoanodes now available. </div>

Carrier Engineering of Zr-mediated Ta3N5 Film as Efficient Photoanode for Solar Water Splitting

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Zou ◽  
Xueyang Han ◽  
Chengxiong Wang ◽  
Yunkun Zhao ◽  
Chun Du ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Band Structure ◽  
Visible Light ◽  
Water Splitting ◽  
Light Absorption ◽  
Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting ◽  
Promising Candidate ◽  
Visible Light Absorption ◽  
Solar Water ◽  
Solar Water Splitting

Ta3N5 is regarded as a promising candidate material with adequate visible light absorption and band structure for photoelectrochemical water splitting. However, the performance of Ta3N5 is severely limited by the...

scholarly journals Wittichenite semiconductor of Cu3BiS3 films for efficient hydrogen evolution from solar driven photoelectrochemical water splitting

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dingwang Huang ◽  
Lintao Li ◽  
Kang Wang ◽  
Yan Li ◽  
Kuang Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Evolution ◽  
Water Splitting ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Solar Hydrogen ◽  
Onset Potential ◽  
Term Stability ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
Solar Water Splitting ◽  
Current Densities

AbstractA highly efficient, low-cost and environmentally friendly photocathode with long-term stability is the goal of practical solar hydrogen evolution applications. Here, we found that the Cu3BiS3 film-based photocathode meets the abovementioned requirements. The Cu3BiS3-based photocathode presents a remarkable onset potential over 0.9 VRHE with excellent photoelectrochemical current densities (~7 mA/cm2 under 0 VRHE) and appreciable 10-hour long-term stability in neutral water solutions. This high onset potential of the Cu3BiS3-based photocathode directly results in a good unbiased operating photocurrent of ~1.6 mA/cm2 assisted by the BiVO4 photoanode. A tandem device of Cu3BiS3-BiVO4 with an unbiased solar-to-hydrogen conversion efficiency of 2.04% is presented. This tandem device also presents high stability over 20 hours. Ultimately, a 5 × 5 cm2 large Cu3BiS3-BiVO4 tandem device module is fabricated for standalone overall solar water splitting with a long-term stability of 60 hours.

High Surface Area NiCoP Nanostructure as Efficient Water Splitting Electrocatalyst for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction

2021 ◽  
pp. 111312
Author(s):  
Sisir Maity ◽  
Dheeraj Kumar Singh ◽  
Divya Bhutani ◽  
Suchitra Prasad ◽  
Umesh V. Waghmare ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Water Splitting ◽  
Oxygen Evolution ◽  
Oxygen Evolution Reaction ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area

Defective Fe3+ self-doped spinel ZnFe2O4 with oxygen vacancies for highly efficient photoelectrochemical water splitting

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (31) ◽  
pp. 11934-11940 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianmin Wang ◽  
Yunan Wang ◽  
Xinchao Xv ◽  
Yan Chen ◽  
Xi Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Splitting ◽  
Oxygen Vacancies ◽  
Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting ◽  
Photoelectrochemical Performance ◽  
Highly Efficient

Defective Fe3+ self-doped spinel ZnFe2O4 with abundant oxygen vacancies exhibits largely enhanced photoelectrochemical performance.

Synthesis and Characterization of Hematite Nanoparticles as Active Photocatalyst for Water Splitting Application

2013 ◽  
Vol 594-595 ◽  
pp. 73-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sze Mei Chin ◽  
Suriati Sufian ◽  
Jeefferie Abd Razak
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Water Splitting ◽  
Combustion Method ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Synthesis And Characterization ◽  
Hematite Nanoparticles ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Bet Specific Surface Area

This paper highlights on the hydrogen production through photocatalytic activity by using hematite nanoparticles synthesized from self-combustion method based on different stirring period. The morphologies and microstructures of the nanostructures were determined using Field-Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM), X-Ray Diffractometer (XRD) and Particle Size Analyser (PSA). Besides that, surface area analyser was used to determine the BET surface area of the hematite samples. The hematite nanocatalyst as-synthesized are proven to be rhombohedral crystalline hematite (α-Fe2O3) with particle diameters ranging from 60-140 nm. The BET specific surface area of hematite samples increased from 5.437 to 7.6425 m2/g with increasing stirring period from 1 to 4 weeks. This caused the amount of hydrogen gas produced from photocatalytic water splitting to increase as well.

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