Identification of the Location of Conductive Filaments Formed in Pt/NiO/Pt Resistive Switching Cells and Investigation on Their Properties

2012 ◽  
Vol 1430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatsuya Iwata ◽  
Yusuke Nishi ◽  
Tsunenobu Kimoto
Keyword(s):  
Resistive Switching ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Cell Resistance ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
Tem Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Size And Shape

ABSTRACTExact locations of conductive filaments formed in NiO-based resistive switching (RS) cells were detected by C-AFM, and their electrical as well as chemical properties were investigated. After a forming process, a part of top electrodes of Pt/NiO/Pt RS cells is deformed. NiO layers are also deformed, and conductive spots, i.e. filaments have been found preferentially along the edges of deformations. Detailed C-AFM investigation has revealed that variation of cell resistances originates from differences in size and shape of filaments, not their resistivity. Furthermore, cross-sectional TEM analysis has demonstrated that filaments determining cell resistance consist of reduced NiO with an inclusion of Pt.

TEM Sample Preparation Tricks for Advanced DRAMs

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ching Shan Sung ◽  
Hsiu Ting Lee ◽  
Jian Shing Luo
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Integrated Circuit ◽  
Focused Ion Beam ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Tem Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Characterization Of Materials

Abstract Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) plays an important role in the structural analysis and characterization of materials for process evaluation and failure analysis in the integrated circuit (IC) industry as device shrinkage continues. It is well known that a high quality TEM sample is one of the keys which enables to facilitate successful TEM analysis. This paper demonstrates a few examples to show the tricks on positioning, protection deposition, sample dicing, and focused ion beam milling of the TEM sample preparation for advanced DRAMs. The micro-structures of the devices and samples architectures were observed by using cross sectional transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and optical microscopy. Following these tricks can help readers to prepare TEM samples with higher quality and efficiency.

scholarly journals Occupational Exposure to Carbon Nanotubes and Carbon Nanofibres: More Than a Cobweb

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 745
Author(s):  
Enrico Bergamaschi ◽  
Giacomo Garzaro ◽  
Georgia Wilson Jones ◽  
Martina Buglisi ◽  
Michele Caniglia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Biological Behavior ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Carbon Nanofibres ◽  
Material Entity ◽  
Cross Sectional Design

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and carbon nanofibers (CNFs) are erroneously considered as singular material entities. Instead, they should be regarded as a heterogeneous class of materials bearing different properties eliciting peculiar biological outcomes both in vitro and in vivo. Given the pace at which the industrial production of CNTs/CNFs is increasing, it is becoming of utmost importance to acquire comprehensive knowledge regarding their biological activity and their hazardous effects in humans. Animal studies carried out by inhalation showed that some CNTs/CNFs species can cause deleterious effects such as inflammation and lung tissue remodeling. Their physico-chemical properties, biological behavior and biopersistence make them similar to asbestos fibers. Human studies suggest some mild effects in workers handling CNT/CNF. However, owing to their cross-sectional design, researchers have been as yet unable to firmly demonstrate a causal relationship between such an exposure and the observed effects. Estimation of acceptable exposure levels should warrant a proper risk management. The aim of this review is to challenge the conception of CNTs/CNFs as a single, unified material entity and prompt the establishment of standardized hazard and exposure assessment methodologies able to properly feeding risk assessment and management frameworks.

Endoscopic and Histopathological Characteristics of Polypoid and Non-Polypoid Colorectal Lesions in Patients of a Social Security Hospital of Lambayeque, Peru

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 2284-2287
Author(s):  
Jhon Franksis Munoz Chumpen ◽  
Mario J. Valladares-garrido
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Transverse Colon ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hyperplastic Polyps ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
Intestinal Polyps ◽  
Paris Classification

Objective: To describe the endoscopic and histopathological characteristics of polypoid and non-polypoid colorectal lesions at the Luis Heysen Inchaustegui hospital, Peru, 2017-2018. Materials and methods: Descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study. We study epidemiological, endoscopic and histopathological variables. location, Size and shape of the lesions taking into account the Paris classification. Results: Endoscopically, of a total of 81 colorectal lesions, the majority were non-polypoid (71.6%). Lesions smaller than 10mm represented 90.1% in non-polypoid lesions and 56.5 % in polypoid lesions. Histopathologically, non-adenomatous lesions predominated (53.0%). Conclusions: The most frequent lesions were non-polypoid, the main location being the rectum; while in polypoid lesions, the transverse colon. Regarding size, lesions smaller than 10mm predominated in both non-polypoid and polypoid lesions. Histopathologically, the most frequent were non-adenomatous lesions (hyperplastic polyps); for its part, the predominant adenoma subtype was tubular. Keywords: Adenomas; Polyps; Intestinal Polyps; Colon (source: DeCS BIREME).

Two-Step Forming Process in Planar-Type Cu2O-Based Resistive Switching Devices

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 051801 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazunori Suzuki ◽  
Norihide Igarashi ◽  
Kentaro Kyuno
Keyword(s):  
Resistive Switching ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
Switching Devices

Hot Spline Forming of Ultra-High Strength Steel Gear Drum Using Resistance Heating

2014 ◽  
Vol 622-623 ◽  
pp. 201-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenichiro Mori ◽  
Tomoyoshi Maeno ◽  
Shohei Nakamoto
Keyword(s):  
Deep Drawing ◽  
High Strength Steel ◽  
Side Wall ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Axial Direction ◽  
Resistance Heating ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Ultra High Strength Steel

A hot spline forming process of die-quenched gear drums using resistance heating of a side wall of a cup formed by cold deep drawing and ironing was developed. The side wall having uniform cross-sectional area is resistance-heated by passage of the current in the axial direction, the heated side wall of the drawn cup is ironed and is finally die-quenched. The gear drum was successfully formed and the hardness was between 400 and 500 HV. Not only the formability was improved but also the formed dram was hardly oxidised because of rapid resistance heating.

Size and shape-controlled synthesis of Ru nanocrystals

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Linlin Xu ◽  
Jun Yang
Keyword(s):  
Noble Metal ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Controlled Synthesis ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
The Past ◽  
Metal Nanomaterials ◽  
Shape Controlled ◽  
Synthetic Approaches ◽  
Coherent Picture

Abstract Mastery over the size/shape of nanocrystals (NCs) enables control of their properties and enhancement of their usefulness for a given application. Within the past decades, the development of wet-chemistry methods leads to the blossom of research in noble metal nanomaterials with tunable sizes and shapes. We herein would prefer to devote this chapter to introduce the solution-based methods for size and shape-controlled synthesis of ruthenium (Ru) NCs, which can be summarized into five categories: (i) Synthesis of spherical Ru NCs; (ii) synthesis of one-dimensional (1D) Ru NCs, e.g. wires and rods; (iii) synthesis of two-dimensional (2D) Ru NCs, e.g. nanoplates; (iv) synthesis of Ru NCs with hollow interiors and (v) synthesis of Ru NCs with other morphologies, e.g. chains, dendrites and branches. We aim at highlighting the synthetic approaches and growth mechanisms of these types of Ru NCs. We also introduce the detailed characterization tools for analysis of Ru NCs with different sizes/shapes. With respect to the creation of great opportunities and tremendous challenges due to the accumulation in noble metal nanomaterials, we briefly make some perspectives for the future development of Ru NCs so as to provide the readers a systematic and coherent picture of this promising field. We hope this reviewing effort can provide for technical bases for effectively designing and producing Ru NCs with enhanced physical/chemical properties. Graphical Abstract: The solution-based methods for size and shape-controlled synthesis of ruthenium nanocrystals as well as the mechanisms behind them are extensively reviewed.

scholarly journals Tear electrolyte assessment of diabetic patients in Southern Nigeria

1970 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 2839-2845
Author(s):  
Juno Okukpon ◽  
Oziegbe Okukpon
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Fluid ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Glass Capillary ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
The University

Background: Tears are a critical body extracellular fluid coating the surface epithelial cells of the cornea and conjunctiva, and providing the optically smooth surface necessary for refraction of light onto the retina. The biological and chemical properties of tears change in response to systemic disease.Objectives: This study assessed the concentration of calcium, magnesium and phosphate levels in tears of diabetics.Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study involving twenty diabetics visiting Department for Health Services, University of Benin and forty non-diabetics within the University between 35 to 65 years participated in the study. Calcium, magnesium and phosphorous were analysed in tears sample collected with 75mm glass capillary tubes.Results: The fasting blood sugar (FBS) and age of diabetic patients was 7.48±1.88mmol/l and 56.75±5.82years and non-diabetics was 4.83±0.52mmol/l and 53.58±6.16years respectively. Magnesium showed no differences (P<0.05) between diabetics (0.76±0.45mmol/l) and non-diabetics (0.93±0.59mmol/l). Calcium was elevated (P=0.041) and phosphate (P=0.044) was decreased in diabetics (3.14±1.65mmol/l and 0.074±0.058mmol/l) than non-diabetics (2.41±1.05mmol/l and 0.11±0.081mmol/l).Conclusion: This study concluded that being diabetic can affect the levels of some tear electrolytes in the tear fluid which may lead to an increased risk of diabetic ocular complications.Keywords: Tears, diabetics, mag nesium, calcium, phosphorus.

scholarly journals Chemical properties and fertility analysis of dredger-fill silt during soil formation: The tianjin dredge–fill project

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huijun Gu ◽  
Xin Sui ◽  
Guogang Zhang ◽  
Meiqing Jia
Keyword(s):  
Nitrate Nitrogen ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Formation ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Ecological Problems ◽  
Dredger Fill ◽  
Fertility Analysis

Dredger-fill silt has been used in the port of Tianjin, China to reclaim land; however, the dredger-fill silt has no soil ecological function. Translating the silt into soil rapidly and accelerating the soil-forming process are key to solving the ecological problems of the Dredge–Fill project. This study measured 15 chemical properties of the dredger-fill silt for 8 years of the soil forming process to explore fertility changes and the critical factors affecting soil formation. The results showed that: (1) the salinity of silt changed from severe to mild with a reduction in Na+ and Cl- concentration. Other ion concentrations changed slightly. (2) Effective nutrients significantly decreased during soil formation. Soil organic matter (SOM)，the nitrate-nitrogen, available phosphorus (A-P) and available potassium (A-K) decreased by 26.22%, 86.23%, 45.92%, 33.61% respectively, indicating severe nutrients loss. (3) Principal component analysis showed that silt fertility decreased significantly and the total soil fertility loss was severe. This study has significance for the artificial improvement of silt.

scholarly journals Analisis Pengaruh Kepadatan Debu dan Penggunaan APD Pekerja Pabrik Pakan Ikan Terhadap Gangguan Fungsi Paru Pada Pekerja Pabrik Pakan Ikan di Kecamatan XIII Koto Kampar

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 129
Author(s):  
Indrawati Indrawati ◽  
Zulkarnaini Zulkarnaini ◽  
Suyanto Suyanto
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
P Value ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
Factory Workers ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Function Impairment ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
Lung Function Impairment ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Cases of pulmonary disorders caused by exposure to dust are found in Indonesia, avariety of factors in the onset of respiratory illness as a result of dust covering the particlesize, shape, concentration, solubility and chemical properties as well as long exposure,several factors of karakteristi workers also can also affect the state including lung, smokinghabit, the habit of wearing personal protective equipment, exercise habits, etc. (karbella2011). The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the analysis of ambient dustlevels and use of PPE with the incidence of pulmonary function impairment. This study usesobservational study design, with a cross-sectional design that was conducted in May-July2015 in Fish Feed Plant Koto Kampar District XIII. Number of samples 32 people.Measuring instruments used are questionnaires and observation sheets. Analiais data used issimple logistic regression. The results showed that the variables associated with impairedlung function are variable dust density (p value 0.001), use of PPE (p value 0.001), thevariable counfounding; smoking (p value 0.005), and sports (p value 0.014). While mostdominant variable affecting lung function impairment in workers fish feed is variable dustdensity (p value 0.009) and use of PPE (p value 0.023). Advised on factory workers tomaintain the safety of health themselves by using personal protective mill dust densityenvironment experienced during work. 

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