Electrospun Polythiophene Nanofibers and Their Applications for Organic Solar Cells

2011 ◽  
Vol 1303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Surawut Chuangchote ◽  
Michiyasu Fujita ◽  
Takashi Sagawa ◽  
Susumu Yoshikawa
Keyword(s):  
Organic Solar Cells ◽  
Mixed Solvent ◽  
Bulk Heterojunction ◽  
Photovoltaic Cells ◽  
Selective Extraction ◽  
Vinyl Pyrrolidone ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Wrinkled Surface ◽  
Poly Vinyl Pyrrolidone

ABSTRACTPoly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) nanofibers were fabricated with an association of poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) by electrospinning. A mixture of P3HT/PVP in a mixed solvent of chlorobenzene and methanol was electrospun to form composite fibers with 60 nm - 2 μm in diameter, followed by getting rid of PVP by selective extraction. After extraction, pure P3HT nanofibers were obtained as a spindle-like structure with wrinkled surface. The nanofibers obtained exhibit specific features of strong interchain contribution as investigated by UV-vis, fluorescence spectroscopic, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and photo-electron investigations. Bulk heterojunction P3HT:PCBM nanofibers with ~200 nm in diameters were also successfully fabricated by using the same technique. The preliminary results from the study of P3HT:PCBM nanofiber-based photovoltaic cells with conversion efficiency over 0.2% could be achieved.

Preparation of PCL/PVP/Ag Nanofiber Membranes by Electrospinning Method

2012 ◽  
Vol 268-270 ◽  
pp. 580-583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Tang Jia ◽  
Cui Wu ◽  
Feng Chun Dong ◽  
Gang Huang ◽  
Xian Hua Zeng
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Composite Nanofibers ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Vinyl Pyrrolidone ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Electrospinning Method ◽  
Nanofiber Membranes ◽  
Poly Vinyl Pyrrolidone

The composite nanofiber membranes of poly (ε-caprolactone)/poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PCL/PVP) containing silver nanoparticles were prepared by electrospinning method. The morphology of composite nanofibers was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The silver nanoparticles on the electrospun fibers were characterized by X-Ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The contact angle and water uptake of PCL/PVP/Ag nanofiber membranes were measured. The SEM photos indicated that the average diameter of the fibers was significantly decreased with the addition of silver nanoparticles. The X-Ray images showed that Ag nanoparticles were distributed on the surface of nanofiber membranes. When the PVP mole ratio was higher than 15%, the nanofiber membranes showed good hydrophilic property. The PCL/PVP/Ag nanofiber membranes could be applied to prepare wound dressing.

scholarly journals Microstructures and Electrical Properties of HPMC/PVP Polymer Blend Films Complex with Ferric Chloride (FeCl3)

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-158
Author(s):  
H Ananda ◽  
T Urs ◽  
Y Prakash ◽  
K Hemalatha ◽  
H Somashekarappa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Structural Modification ◽  
Dopant Concentration ◽  
Methyl Cellulose ◽  
Vinyl Pyrrolidone ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Blend Films ◽  
Poly Vinyl Pyrrolidone ◽  
Microstructural Studies

Microstructural studies on FeCl3 doped Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC)/Poly vinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) blend films were carried out using X-Ray diffraction studies. The XRD data revealed that the crystalline regions of the HPMC/PVP blend film decreases up to a certain percentage of FeCl3 and then increases. Electrical conductivity studies on these doped films suggest complex formation due to doping which affects microstructure and also ac conductivity of polymer films. All these results were analyzed and explained on the basis of micro structural modification of HPMC/PVP blends as function of dopant concentration.

scholarly journals Graded bulk-heterojunction enables 17% binary organic solar cells via nonhalogenated open air coating

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Zhang ◽  
Kuan Liu ◽  
Jiaming Huang ◽  
Xinxin Xia ◽  
Jiupeng Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Phase Separation ◽  
Organic Solar Cells ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Bulk Heterojunction ◽  
Depth Profiling ◽  
Grazing Incidence ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Xrd Techniques

AbstractGraded bulk-heterojunction (G-BHJ) with well-defined vertical phase separation has potential to surpass classical BHJ in organic solar cells (OSCs). In this work, an effective G-BHJ strategy via nonhalogenated solvent sequential deposition is demonstrated using nonfullerene acceptor (NFA) OSCs. Spin-coated G-BHJ OSCs deliver an outstanding 17.48% power conversion efficiency (PCE). Depth-profiling X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (DP-XPS) and angle-dependent grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GI-XRD) techniques enable the visualization of polymer/NFA composition and crystallinity gradient distributions, which benefit charge transport, and enable outstanding thick OSC PCEs (16.25% for 300 nm, 14.37% for 500 nm), which are among the highest reported. Moreover, the nonhalogenated solvent enabled G-BHJ OSC via open-air blade coating and achieved a record 16.77% PCE. The blade-coated G-BHJ has drastically different D-A crystallization kinetics, which suppresses the excessive aggregation induced unfavorable phase separation in BHJ. All these make G-BHJ a feasible and promising strategy towards highly efficient, eco- and manufacture friendly OSCs.

scholarly journals PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF POLY (VINYL ALCOHOL)–POLY (VINYL PYRROLIDONE) MUCOADHESIVE BUCCAL PATCHES FOR DELIVERY OF LIDOCAINE HCL

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Napaphak Jaipakdee ◽  
Thaned Pongjanyakul ◽  
Ekapol Limpongsa
Keyword(s):  
Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
Vinyl Pyrrolidone ◽  
Poly Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Casting Technique ◽  
In Vitro Permeation ◽  
Lidocaine Hcl ◽  
Poly Vinyl Pyrrolidone

Objective: The objectives of this study were to prepare and characterize a buccal mucoadhesive patch using poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA), poly (vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) as a mucoadhesive matrix, Eudragit S100 as a backing layer, and lidocaine HCl as a model drug.Methods: Lidocaine HCl buccal patches were prepared using double casting technique. Molecular interactions in the polymer matrices were studied using attenuated total reflectance-fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray diffractometry. Mechanical and mucoadhesive properties were measured using texture analyzer. In vitro permeation of lidocaine HCl from the patch was conducted using Franz diffusion cell.Results: Both of the free and lidocaine HCl patches were smooth and transparent, with good flexibility and strength. ATR-FTIR, DSC and X-ray diffractometry studies confirmed the interaction of PVA and PVP. Mechanical properties of matrices containing 60% PVP were significantly lower than those containing 20% PVP (*P<0.05). Mucoadhesive properties had a tendency to decrease with the concentration of PVP in the patch. The patch containing 60% PVP had significantly lower muco-adhesiveness than those containing 20% PVP (*P<0.05). In vitro permeation revealed that the pattern of lidocaine HCl permeation started with an initial fast permeation, followed by a slower permeation rate. The initial permeation fluxes follow the zero-order model of which rate was not affected by the PVP concentrations in the PVA/PVP matrix.Conclusion: Mucoadhesive buccal patches fabricated with PVA/PVP were successfully prepared. Incorporation of PVP in PVA/PVP matrix affected the strength of polymeric matrix and mucoadhesive property of patches.

? Investigation of nanomorphology change in bulk heterojunction films using synchrotron x-ray diffraction technique

2010 ◽  
Vol 56 (6(1)) ◽  
pp. 2088-2092 ◽  
Author(s):  
YOUNGKYOO KIM ◽  
Minjung Shin ◽  
Hwajeong Kim ◽  
Kyuyoung Heo ◽  
Moonhor Ree
Keyword(s):  
Bulk Heterojunction ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray

Structural Characterization of a Plutonium Sequestering Agent Complex by Synchrotron X-Ray Diffraction

2006 ◽  
Vol 986 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne E. V. Gorden ◽  
G. Szigethy ◽  
D. K. Shuh ◽  
B. E. F. Tiedemann ◽  
J. Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Laboratory ◽  
Selective Extraction ◽  
Biological Transport ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Selective Ligand ◽  
Detailed Evaluation ◽  
Biomimetic Approach ◽  
Solid State Structures

AbstractNew ligands and materials are required that can coordinate, sense, and purify actinides for selective extraction and reduction of toxic, radioactive wastes from the mining and purification of actinides. The similarities in the chemical, biological transport, and distribution properties of Fe(III) and Pu(IV) inspired a biomimetic approach to the development of sequestering agents for actinides. A detailed evaluation of the structure and bonding of actinide coordinating ligands like these is important for the design of new selective ligand systems. Knowing the difficulty with working with the crystals resulting from these ligand systems and safe handling considerations for working with Pu, procedures were developed that utilize the Advanced Light Source of Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory to determine the solid-state structures of Pu complexes by X-ray diffraction.

Evaluation of Surfactants on Thermo-Physical Properties of Magnesia-Oil Nanofluid

2018 ◽  
Vol 928 ◽  
pp. 106-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdallah Yousef Mohammed Ali ◽  
Ahmed H. El-Shazly ◽  
M.F. Elkady ◽  
S.E. AbdElhafez
Keyword(s):  
Vinyl Pyrrolidone ◽  
Poly Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
Ammonium Bromide ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Mgo Nanoparticles ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Wet Chemical ◽  
Cetyl Trimethyl Ammonium ◽  
Poly Vinyl Pyrrolidone ◽  
The Impact

The prime purpose of the current study was to investigate the consequence of surfactant on the kinematic viscosity, thermal conductivity, and stability of MgO-oil based nanofluid. Magnesia (MgO) nanoparticles were prepared by the wet chemical method. Structural and morphological analysis of synthesized nanoparticles were performed via X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Transmission electron microscope (TEM). Subsequently, nanofluid was prepared at a solid concentration of 0.025% in presence of various surfactants with the aid of ultrasonic technique. The impact of the different surfactants (Cetyl Trimethyl Ammonium Bromide (CTAB), Poly Vinyl Pyrrolidone (PVP), Poly Vinyl Alcohol (PVA), and Oleic Acid) on the nanofluid stability was tested. It was evident that CTAB and PVA surfactants establish the most stable prepared MgO-oil based nanofluid. The experiments revealed that the maximum UV–Vis absorbance of the solution corresponds to the dispersion of CTAB in the base fluid.

scholarly journals An Overview on Nanocrystalline ZnFe2O4, MnFe2O4, and CoFe2O4 Synthesized by a Thermal Treatment Method

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmoud Goodarz Naseri ◽  
Elias B. Saion ◽  
Ahmad Kamali
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Vinyl Pyrrolidone ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Poly Vinyl Pyrrolidone ◽  
Co Nanoparticles ◽  
Oxide Bands

This study reports the simple synthesis of MFe2O4 (where M=Zn, Mn, and Co) nanoparticles by a thermal treatment method, followed by calcination at various temperatures from 723 to 873 K. Poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) was used as a capping agent to stabilize the particles and prevent them from agglomeration. The characterization studies were conducted by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The average particle sizes were obtained by TEM images, which were in good agreement with the XRD results. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) confirmed the presence of metal oxide bands for all the calcined samples. Magnetic properties were demonstrated by a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), which displayed that the calcined samples exhibited superparamagnetic and ferromagnetic behaviors.

Facile Synthesis of NiO Nanoflowers and their Application in Water Treatment

2014 ◽  
Vol 955-959 ◽  
pp. 30-33
Author(s):  
Ling Liu ◽  
Xiao Jun Zhang ◽  
Jian Zhou Liu
Keyword(s):  
Congo Red ◽  
Vinyl Pyrrolidone ◽  
Infrared Spectrometry ◽  
Facile Synthesis ◽  
X Ray ◽  
One Step ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Electron Microscopes ◽  
Poly Vinyl Pyrrolidone ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopes

A facile one-step solvothermal route was developed to synthesize NiO nanoflowers (200-300 nm in diameter) with the introduction of poly(vinyl-pyrrolidone)/stearic acid (PVP/SA) mixture. The product was characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), field-emission scanning electron microscopes (FESEM), Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FT-IR), Thermal gravimetric analyze (TGA), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET). The mesoporous NiO nanoflowers showed an excellent adsorption capacity for organic pollutants (Congo red) from waste water (about 56 mg Congo red per g NiO).

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