Solid-State Ionics in the 21st Century: Current Status and Future Prospects

MRS Bulletin ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 34 (12) ◽  
pp. 900-906 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sangtae Kim ◽  
Shu Yamaguchi ◽  
James A. Elliott
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Ionic Conduction ◽  
Atomic Scale ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Nanometer Scale ◽  
Research Issues ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Solid State Ionics

AbstractThe phenomenon of ion migration in solids forms the basis for a wide variety of electrochemical applications, ranging from power generators and chemical sensors to ionic switches. Solid-state ionics (SSI) is the field of research concerning ionic motions in solids and the materials properties associated with them. Owing to the ever-growing technological importance of electrochemical devices, together with the discoveries of various solids displaying superior ionic conductivity at relatively low temperatures, research activities in this field have grown rapidly since the 1960s, culminating in “nanoionics”: the area of SSI concerned with nanometer-scale systems. This theme issue introduces key research issues that we believe are, and will remain, the main research topics in nanoionics and SSI during the 21st century. These include the application of cutting-edge experimental techniques, such as secondary ion mass spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance, to investigate ionic diffusion in both bulk solids and at interfaces, as well as the use of atomic-scale modeling as a virtual probe of ionic conduction mechanisms and defect interactions. We highlight the effects of protonic conduction at the nanometer scale and how better control of interfaces can be employed to make secondary lithium batteries based on nanoionics principles. Finally, in addition to power generation and storage, the emergence of atomic switches based on cation diffusion shows great promise in developing next-generation transistors using SSI.

scholarly journals Solid-State Materials for Clean Energy: Insights from Atomic-Scale Modeling

MRS Bulletin ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 34 (12) ◽  
pp. 935-941 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Saiful Islam ◽  
Peter R. Slater
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Proton Conductors ◽  
Atomic Scale ◽  
Computational Techniques ◽  
Rechargeable Lithium Batteries ◽  
Ion Migration ◽  
Global Challenge ◽  
Solid State Ionics ◽  
Energy Conversion And Storage

AbstractFundamental advances in solid-state ionics for energy conversion and storage are crucial in addressing the global challenge of cleaner energy sources. This review aims to demonstrate the valuable role that modern computational techniques now play in providing deeper fundamental insight into materials for solid oxide fuel cells and rechargeable lithium batteries. The scope of contemporary work is illustrated by studies on topical materials encompassing perovskite-type proton conductors, gallium oxides with tetrahedral moieties, apatite-type silicates, and lithium iron phosphates. Key fundamental properties are examined, including mechanisms of ion migration, dopant-defect association, and surface structures and crystal morphologies.

Current Status of Solid-State X-Ray Systems

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 158-161
Author(s):  
Martin Peckerar ◽  
Anastasios Tousimis
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Electric Fields ◽  
Spectral Lines ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Mobile Charge ◽  
Electron Hole ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Sensing Systems ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Electron Microscopes

Solid state x-ray sensing systems have been used for many years in conjunction with scanning and transmission electron microscopes. Such systems conveniently provide users with elemental area maps and quantitative chemical analyses of samples. Improvements on these tools are currently sought in the following areas: sensitivity at longer and shorter x-ray wavelengths and minimization of noise-broadening of spectral lines. In this paper, we review basic limitations and recent advances in each of these areas. Throughout the review, we emphasize the systems nature of the problem. That is. limitations exist not only in the sensor elements but also in the preamplifier/amplifier chain and in the interfaces between these components.Solid state x-ray sensors usually function by way of incident photons creating electron-hole pairs in semiconductor material. This radiation-produced mobile charge is swept into external circuitry by electric fields in the semiconductor bulk.

Scanning tunneling microscopy of polymers: A status report

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 330-331
Author(s):  
P.E. Russell ◽  
I.H. Musselman
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Scanning Tunneling Microscopy ◽  
Sample Surface ◽  
Atomic Scale ◽  
Constant Current ◽  
Scanning Tunneling ◽  
Status Report ◽  
Tunneling Microscopy ◽  
Research Issues ◽  
Wide Range

Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) has evolved rapidly in the past few years. Major developments have occurred in instrumentation, theory, and in a wide range of applications. In this paper, an overview of the application of STM and related techniques to polymers will be given, followed by a discussion of current research issues and prospects for future developments. The application of STM to polymers can be conveniently divided into the following subject areas: atomic scale imaging of uncoated polymer structures; topographic imaging and metrology of man-made polymer structures; and modification of polymer structures. Since many polymers are poor electrical conductors and hence unsuitable for use as a tunneling electrode, the related atomic force microscopy (AFM) technique which is capable of imaging both conductors and insulators has also been applied to polymers.The STM is well known for its high resolution capabilities in the x, y and z axes (Å in x andy and sub-Å in z). In addition to high resolution capabilities, the STM technique provides true three dimensional information in the constant current mode. In this mode, the STM tip is held at a fixed tunneling current (and a fixed bias voltage) and hence a fixed height above the sample surface while scanning across the sample surface.

Development of the UHV-STM

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 322-323
Author(s):  
M. Iwatsuki ◽  
S. Kitamura ◽  
A. Mogami
Keyword(s):  
Surface Science ◽  
Real Space ◽  
Atomic Scale ◽  
Scanning Tunneling ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Stm Image ◽  
Surface Construction ◽  
Very High

Since Binnig, Rohrer and associates observed real-space topographic images of Si(111)-7×7 and invented the scanning tunneling microscope (STM),1) the STM has been accepted as a powerful surface science instrument.Recently, many application areas for the STM have been opened up, such as atomic force microscopy (AFM), magnetic force microscopy (MFM) and others. So, the STM technology holds a great promise for the future.The great advantages of the STM are its high spatial resolution in the lateral and vertical directions on the atomic scale. However, the STM has difficulty in identifying atomic images in a desired area because it uses piezoelectric (PZT) elements as a scanner.On the other hand, the demand to observe specimens under UHV condition has grown, along with the advent of the STM technology. The requirment of UHV-STM is especially very high in to study of surface construction of semiconductors and superconducting materials on the atomic scale. In order to improve the STM image quality by keeping the specimen and tip surfaces clean, we have built a new UHV-STM (JSTM-4000XV) system which is provided with other surface analysis capability.

Investigations on pyridinium salts as a solid-state ionics

2009 ◽  
Vol 112 (3) ◽  
pp. 1444-1447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prafulla Chetri ◽  
Narendra N. Dass ◽  
Neelotpal Sen Sarma
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Pyridinium Salts ◽  
Solid State Ionics

scholarly journals Applications of Supercritical Anti-Solvent Process in Preparation of Solid Multicomponent Systems

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 475
Author(s):  
Guijin Liu ◽  
Junjian Li ◽  
Shiming Deng
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Solid Dispersions ◽  
Crystal Form ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Computational Techniques ◽  
Large Contribution ◽  
Continuous Manufacturing ◽  
Multicomponent Systems ◽  
On Line ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Solid multicomponent systems (SMS) are gaining an increasingly important role in the pharmaceutical industry, to improve the physicochemical properties of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). In recent years, various processes have been employed for SMS manufacturing. Control of the particle solid-state properties, such as size, morphology, and crystal form is required to optimize the SMS formulation. By utilizing the unique and tunable properties of supercritical fluids, supercritical anti-solvent (SAS) process holds great promise for the manipulation of the solid-state properties of APIs. The SAS techniques have been developed from batch to continuous mode. Their applications in SMS preparation are summarized in this review. Many pharmaceutical co-crystals and solid dispersions have been successfully produced via the SAS process, where the solid-state properties of APIs can be well designed by controlling the operating parameters. The underlying mechanisms on the manipulation of solid-state properties are discussed, with the help of on-line monitoring and computational techniques. With continuous researching, SAS process will give a large contribution to the scalable and continuous manufacturing of desired SMS in the near future.

Equilibrium and Kinetic Properties of Minerals

1998 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 581-583
Author(s):  
Simon A. T. Redfern
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Statistical Mechanics ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Atomic Scale ◽  
Kinetic Properties ◽  
Computational Power ◽  
Equilibrium Thermodynamics ◽  
Bulk Properties ◽  
Scale Characteristics ◽  
Number Of Publications

How can the equilibrium and non-equilibrium thermodynamics of minerals be understood from their atomic-scale structural features? How can they be predicted, simply from models for the forces between atoms? Advances in analytical theory, statistical mechanics, experimental solid-state science, computational power, and the sophistication of a mineralogical approach that brings all of these together, means that these questions, once imponderable, are now realistically tractable. These questions have been exercising the minds of mineralogists over the last decade or so, and have motivated many developments in the science. Acting as way-markers along the path, there are a number of publications which have followed from meetings where these questions have been addressed. It is now twelve years since the publication of Microscopic to Macroscopic, an edition of Reviews in Mineralogy (Kieffer and Navrotsky, 1985) that sought to identify the fundamental controls on the bulk properties of minerals in terms of their atomic-scale characteristics.

The 19th International Conference on Solid State Ionics (SSI-19)

2014 ◽  
Vol 262 ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Junichiro Mizusaki ◽  
Shu Yamaguchi ◽  
Koichi Eguchi ◽  
Tatsumi Ishihara ◽  
Masahiro Tatsumisago
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
International Conference ◽  
Solid State Ionics
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