The Current Status of Research and Development on Ecomaterials around the World

MRS Bulletin ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 871-879 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kohmei Halada ◽  
Ryoichi Yamamoto
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Stratospheric Ozone ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Sustainable Society ◽  
Earth Summit ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The World

The final decade of the 20th century was the most important period yet in establishing a sustainable society for the coming century. After the Earth summit held in Rio de Janeiro in 1992, the world's population was challenged to decrease its environmental impact on the Earth. Nine years after the Rio summit, we are living in a more dangerous and unsustainable world with a higher population, more resource consumption, more waste, and more poverty, but with less biodiversity, less forest area, less available fresh water, less fertile soil, and less stratospheric ozone.

scholarly journals Colisão de Mundos: A Proteção Ambiental Internacional e a Cosmovisão Ameríndia l Clash of Worlds: The International Protection of the Environment and Amerindian Cosmovisions

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. e58755
Author(s):  
Renan Moutropoulos Fortunato ◽  
Monique Maciel Barbosa
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
International Protection ◽  
Earth Summit ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The World ◽  
Environment And Development ◽  
The One ◽  
Earth Charter

O texto tem como finalidade analisar o sistema de proteção ambiental internacional. A abordagem compara três visões sobre o tema: a) a criada por Estados no âmbito da ONU, calcada no conceito de desenvolvimento sustentável; b) uma visão crítica pós-estruturalista que desconstrói tal conceito; e c) a cosmovisão indígena brasileira sobre o meio ambiente. A intenção deste estudo é contrapor diferentes modos de concepção da natureza e suas implicações para a proteção ambiental. Portanto, pretende-se analisar a presença da visão indígena na Rio-92, a maior conferência sobre o tema. Para isso, lança-se mão de pesquisa bibliográfica e analisa-se a Carta da Terra - declaração de princípios éticos publicada na ocasião da Conferência Mundial dos Povos Indígenas sobre Território, Meio Ambiente e Desenvolvimento da Rio-92.Palavras-chave: Proteção ambiental; Cosmovisões ameríndias; DIP.ABSTRACTThis text aims to analyze the topic of environmental protection by comparing three visions about the theme. a) the one crafted by States within the UN system, based on the concept of “sustainable development”; b) a post-structuralist critical vision, which deconstructs that concept; and c) the Brazilian Amerindian cosmovisions over nature. This movement intends to contrast the different manners of conceiving nature and its consequences for environmental protection. So, the text seeks to assess the presence of the indigenous cosmovisions during the Earth Summit (1992), the most important summit on the topic. The research uses bibliographical research and a documental analysis of the Earth Charter of the Indigenous Peoples (a declaration of ethical principles published during the World Conference of Indigenous Peoples on Territory, Environment and Development, during the Earth Summit).Keywords: Environmental protection; Amerindian cosmovision; International law. Recebido em: 29/03/2021 | Aceito em: 05/08/2021. 

Development Requires New Models

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
Earth Summit ◽  
The North ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Sustainable Human Development ◽  
The World ◽  
New Models

In this chapter Haq addresses the leaders of the Earth Summit of 1992, pointing out key areas that Summit leaders should collectively address. According to Haq, the search for new models of sustainable human development with minimal environmental and resource damage could be one of the more enduring legacies of the Summit. He urged the leaders of the world to take the challenge of the North-South divide as a collective threat to sustainable development for both rich and poor countries. For Haq, an unjust and unequal world would inherently be unstable and unsustainable.

scholarly journals COVID-19 in early 2021: current status and looking forward

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chengdi Wang ◽  
Zhoufeng Wang ◽  
Guangyu Wang ◽  
Johnson Yiu-Nam Lau ◽  
Kang Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Critical Events ◽  
The World ◽  
Working Together ◽  
Infection Disease ◽  
Near Future

AbstractSince the first description of a coronavirus-related pneumonia outbreak in December 2019, the virus SARS-CoV-2 that causes the infection/disease (COVID-19) has evolved into a pandemic, and as of today, >100 million people globally in over 210 countries have been confirmed to have been infected and two million people have died of COVID-19. This brief review summarized what we have hitherto learned in the following areas: epidemiology, virology, and pathogenesis, diagnosis, use of artificial intelligence in assisting diagnosis, treatment, and vaccine development. As there are a number of parallel developments in each of these areas and some of the development and deployment were at unprecedented speed, we also provided some specific dates for certain development and milestones so that the readers can appreciate the timing of some of these critical events. Of note is the fact that there are diagnostics, antiviral drugs, and vaccines developed and approved by a regulatory within 1 year after the virus was discovered. As a number of developments were conducted in parallel, we also provided the specific dates of a number of critical events so that readers can appreciate the evolution of these research data and our understanding. The world is working together to combat this pandemic. This review also highlights the research and development directions in these areas that will evolve rapidly in the near future.

scholarly journals AS17-148-22727 – Face à la Terre

2015 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Gillet
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The World ◽  
Huge Impact ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Iconic Status ◽  
Work Done ◽  
The Way

Abstract. Taken by the Apollo 17 crew on 7 December 1972, AS-17-148-22727 is one of the most famous photographs ever taken. Its iconic status has been commented on by many writers. In an article entitled "Contested Global Visions" (1994), Denis Cosgrove showed the huge impact it had on the way we think and depict the world and our presence in it. However, his analysis did not address the question of its prior reorientation and reframing, which are in essence cartographic operations. Our object therefore is to focus on the difference between zenithal and horizontal viewpoints, and eventually free ourselves from our mapping conventions when looking at the Earth. The work done by Genevan anarchist Charles Perron at the turn of the 20th century on the relief map of Switzerland with a scale of 100 000 is a major landmark in that direction.

scholarly journals Paisagem e geografia

Finisterra ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (72) ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Barata Salgueiro
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Scientific Revolution ◽  
Central Place ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Earth Surface ◽  
Main Interest ◽  
Early 19Th Century ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The World

LANDSCAPE AND GEOGRAPHY – The word landscape was first applied to renaissance paintings, but the concept really emerged during the scientific revolution that replaced the theological explanation of the world and was part of the events that led to the making of the modern world. Landscape has a central place in classical geography because of the importance romantic aesthetics attached to nature in the early 19th century. It was then seen as a piece of land on the surface of the earth surface as well as its visible features.Although given little importance during mid-century positivism, interest in landscape grew again in the last quarter of the 20th century both in biogeography and human geography along with current criticism of positivism. However, while biogeography continues to view landscape as a piece of the earth’s surface, human geographers are more concerned with the subjective aspects of the relation between people and their environment. The main interest is not space but the way of seeing and perceiving it.

Women and Sport in the 1990s: Reflections on “Embracing Stars, Ignoring Players“

2001 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 318-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy E. Spencer ◽  
Lisa R. McClung
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
National Basketball Association ◽  
Current Status ◽  
World Cup ◽  
Women In Sport ◽  
The World ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Soccer Team ◽  
Status Of Women

Numerous scholars have assessed the status of women in sport during the last decade of the 20th century (Acosta & Carpenter, 2000; Andrews, 1998; Borcila, 2000; Cole, 2000; Eastman & Billings, 1999; McDonald, 1999; Starr & Brant, 1999). Perhaps the nineties can be best characterized by the familiar Dickens adage that “it was the best of times, it was the worst of times.” At a time when the 1999 U.S. Women's soccer team captured the World Cup and the Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA) enjoyed increasing popularity, it seemed that women's sports were never more visible. So, how could this be the worst of times? While women now receive heretofore-unprecedented coverage, evidence suggests that certain images continue to be privileged over others. In this paper, we assess the current status of women in sport in light of an article that appeared on the subject a decade earlier.

The Convention on Biological Diversity: exposing the flawed foundations

1999 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
LAKSHMAN D. GURUSWAMY
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Convention On Biological Diversity ◽  
Highly Qualified ◽  
Earth Summit ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The World ◽  
United Nations Convention ◽  
Face Saving

Over five years have elapsed since the coming into force of the much heralded United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD or Convention) signed during the 'Earth Summit' at Rio de Janeiro in June 1992 (CBD 1992). Despite the warm, even euphoric welcome extended to this treaty by the environmental community, the difficulties of implementing the CBD in the last five years are unmasking and uncovering its flawed environmental foundations. The language of any legal instrument embodies and expresses the considered intentions of its creators, and may contain obligatory provisions that are legally binding. They may also contain hortatory and aspirational commitments that are not legally enforceable. The CBD rejected 'hard' environmental obligations that are legally binding for non-legal exhortations, and highly qualified 'soft' commitments. Whatever their value be as face-saving strategies for reaching agreement on the CBD, such aspirational expressions do not create a stable foundation for tough decisions in the world of realpolitik.

scholarly journals “For Heaven to Bend to the Earth” or the Christian Thought in Vaižgantas’s Journalism

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (45) ◽  
pp. 86-97
Author(s):  
Gitana Vanagaitė
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Personal Experience ◽  
Self Control ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Presence ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The World ◽  
Temporal Reality ◽  
Christian Thought ◽  
The One

Literary theology, which began to form in the second half of the 20th century, opened up new possibilities for linking religion, literature, and personal experience. The journalistic articles of Juozas Tumas-Vaižgantas (1869–1933) show that, on the one hand, he understood the world in a crystcentric way. On the other hand, Vaižgantas’s thought was also shaped by modernity and the time he lived in, which inclined him to reject religion. By analysing Vaižgantas’s journalistic articles and letters to his relatives, this article argues that the writer’s modernity rests on the interaction of the two realities: the eternal reality of God and the temporal reality of man. Having managed to combine these two realities with his human presence, Vaižgantas has opened up to our culture the dynamics of this interaction, in which the Christian self-restraint and modern consciousness, acting as complementary parts, become an act of self-creation founded on rational will, which in turn is associated with self-control, moderation, determination, and renunciation of egoism.

scholarly journals Content, Identity Building and National Curricula

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 114
Author(s):  
Urve Läänemets ◽  
Katrin Kalamees-Ruubel
Keyword(s):  
General Education ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Sustainable Society ◽  
School Subjects ◽  
Diverse Field ◽  
New Knowledge ◽  
The World ◽  
Selection Of

<h1>Theoretical research on curriculum development and implementation has been a rich and highly diverse field of study in the second half of the 20th century and the first decade of the 21st , including Estonia, but the selection of educational content for general comprehensive schools has not been a priority. Some reasons for difficulties with regard to making informed decisions about the selection of the content can be found in the constantly growing amount of new knowledge, global developments and in cultural differences within and between societies. The acknowledged political goal for organising general education for the majority of countries in Europe (and all over the world) has been the development of a cohesive and sustainable society, which can be built on acknowledged and accepted common values. Research on the potential of school subjects can contribute to that and open new vistas for development of national curricula.</h1>

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