scholarly journals Bringing the social costs and benefits of electric energy from photovoltaics versus fossil fuels to light

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol Olson ◽  
Frank Lenzmann
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Social Costs ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Costs And Benefits ◽  
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ABSTRACT

scholarly journals Weighing intellectual property: Can we balance the social costs and benefits of patenting?

2018 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 140-163
Author(s):  
Mario Biagioli
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Social Costs ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Ip Protection ◽  
The Public ◽  
Clear Sense ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Law ◽  
Social Costs And Benefits ◽  
Ip Law

The scale is the most famous emblem of the law, including intellectual property (IP). Because IP rights impose social costs on the public by limiting access to protected work, the law can be justified only to the extent that, on balance, it encourages enough creation and dissemination of new works to offset those costs. The scale is thus a potent rhetorical trope of fairness and objectivity, but also an instrument the law thinks with – one that is constantly invoked to justify or to question the extent of available IP protection. The balancing act that underlies the legitimacy of IP is, however, literally impossible to perform. Because we are unable to measure the benefits that IP has for inventors or the costs it has for the public, the scale has nothing to weigh. It conveys a clear sense that IP law can be balanced, but in fact propagates only a visible simulacrum of balance – one that is as empty as it is powerful.

What are the social costs and benefits of lignite application to reduce ammonia emissions in intensive feedlot?

2020 ◽  
Vol 269 ◽  
pp. 110821
Author(s):  
Ee Ling Ng ◽  
Xia Liang ◽  
Shu Kee Lam ◽  
Deli Chen ◽  
Anthony J. Weatherley
Keyword(s):  
Social Costs ◽  
Ammonia Emissions ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Costs And Benefits

scholarly journals El impacto social de la movilidad humana. Una visión no dicotómica del cambio cultural e individual

2015 ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Edelia Villarroya
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Process ◽  
Social Costs ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Process Of Change ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Costs And Benefits ◽  
The Individual

This article reflects on the social costs and benefits of human migrations, from the viewpoints of both migrating and host populations, and the people that comprise them. We take a two-sided perspective, from the group and the individual, and describe the dynamic process of change, and the cultural and individual changes wrought by acculturation. The text is interspersed with the thoughts expressed by our nomadic society.

scholarly journals A Review of Approaches to Construct Social Discount Rate

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (4-3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ai-Jiun Chua ◽  
Weng-Wai Choong
Keyword(s):  
Discount Rate ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Social Costs ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Social Discount Rate ◽  
Public Projects ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Costs And Benefits

There is increasing concern on how public projects are being evaluated especially for public projects that bring impacts towards the economic, social and environmental of the nation in the long-term, for example infrastructural, environmental protection, energy efficiency, healthcare, education expenditures and others. Thus, the federal government and state government recommend project assessors to adopt cost-benefit analysis for major infrastructure and social investment as well as for regulatory initiatives. Cost benefit analysis has been widely used as a tool to enable stakeholders to make a better decision for projects by systematically comparing the social costs and benefits with the emphasis on valuing them in monetary term. One of the most significant parameters for cost benefit analysis is the social discount rate. It is a rate that used to convert the future social costs and benefits into present value. However, there is a long-time debate on how to construct appropriate social discount rate. Literature reveals that there are various popular approaches to construct social discount rate, such as Social Time Preference (STP) approach, Social Opportunity Cost of Capital (SOC), and Shadow Price of Capital (SPC). The selection of approaches is a significant process to construct an appropriate social discount rate for the project. In this paper, author examines theoretical for each approach and procedures to construct social discount rate. A framework will be developed to guide the assessor in selecting the approaches to construct social discount rate. This paper intends to review social discount rate construction approaches and the pros and cons of each approach. The paper would provide insight to assessor in selecting the approach in construction social discount rate. 

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