Postdeposition annealing of NiOx thin films: A transition from n-type to p-type conductivity for short wave length optoelectronic devices

2013 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 723-732 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manisha Tyagi ◽  
Monika Tomar ◽  
Vinay Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Wave Length ◽  
Optoelectronic Devices ◽  
Short Wave ◽  
Type Conductivity ◽  
Short Wave Length ◽  
Image Position ◽  
P Type

Abstract

scholarly journals On the absorption of light by crystals

1938 ◽  
Vol 167 (930) ◽  
pp. 384-391 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Absorption Spectrum ◽  
Wave Length ◽  
Short Wave ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Theoretical Point ◽  
Lattice Vibrations ◽  
Short Wave Length ◽  
Continuous Absorption ◽  
Absorption Of Light ◽  
Positive Hole

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the absorption of light by non-metallic solids, and in particular the mechanism by which the energy of the light absorbed is converted into heat. If one considers from the theoretical point of view the absorption spectrum of an insulation crystal, one finds that it consists of a series of sharp lines leading up to a series limit, to the short wave-length side of which true continuous absorption sets in (Peierls 1932; Mott 1938). In practice the lattice vibrations will broaden the lines to a greater of less extent. When a quantum of radiation is absorbed in the region of true continuous absorption, a free electron in the conduction band and a "positive hole" are formed with enough energy to move away from one another and to take part in a photocurrent within the crystal. When, however, a quantum is absorbed in one of the absorption lines , the positive hole and electron formed do not have enough energy to separate, but move in one another's field in a quantized state. An electron in a crystal moving in the field of a positive hole has been termed by Frenkel (1936) an "exciton".

scholarly journals The Bakerian lecture —Regularities and irregularities in the ionosphere—I

1937 ◽  
Vol 162 (911) ◽  
pp. 451-479 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Specific Conductivity ◽  
Wave Length ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Short Wave ◽  
The State ◽  
Total Conductivity ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Magnetic Studies ◽  
Short Wave Length ◽  
Radio Measurements

Our knowledge concerning the state of the atmosphere lying above about 80 km. in height has been derived from experiments on radio wave reflexion as well as from studies of terrestrial magnetism and of the aurora. The information derived from radio experiments is, fortunately, in the nature of a supplement to, rather than a duplicate of, information derivable in other ways. As one of the best examples in this connexion may be mentioned the question of electrical conductivity. Here the magnetic studies of Schuster and Chapman yield an estimate of the total conductivity for currents travelling horizontally, whereas the radio measurements give the state of ionization at different levels from which the specific conductivity at those levels may be estimated. One of the most striking things about the ionosphere is the marked solar control. Speaking generally it may be said that the ionization increases and decreases as the sun rises and sets. Again, speaking generally, we may say that the main part of the ionization is caused by solar-violet light. The rays from the sun meet the outer layers of the atmosphere first and the short wave-length radiation is absorbed there, causing ionization. It thus comes about that the study of the ionosphere becomes the study of an interesting part of the sun's spectrum which cannot be detected at ground level. It also becomes the study of certain atomic processes such as photo-ionization, recombination of ions and attachment of electrons to neutral molecules such as cannot be investigated at very low pressure in the laboratory, because of the influence of the walls of the vessel confining the gas.

scholarly journals Study the Effect of solvent on the Optical Properties Performance of active polymeric laser media

2007 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 387-392
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Absorption Spectrum ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Wave Length ◽  
Blue Shift ◽  
Short Wave ◽  
Fluorescence Yield ◽  
Effect Of Solvent ◽  
Long Wave ◽  
Short Wave Length ◽  
Laser Media

The paper include studies the effect of solvent of dye doped in polymeric laser sample which manufactured in primo press way, which is used as an active (R6G) tunable dye lasers. The remarks show that, when the viscosity of the solvent (from Pure Water to Ethanol), for the same concentration and thickness of the performance polymeric sample is increased, the absorption spectrum is shifts towards the long wave length (red shift), & towards short wave length (blue shift) for fluorescence spectrum, also increased the quantum fluorescence yield. The best result we obtained for the quantum fluorescence yield is (0.882) with thickness (0.25mm) in Ethanol solvent in concentration (2*10-3mole/liter), while when we used the Pure Water as a solvent, we found that the best quantum fluorescence yield is (0.72) at the same thickness & concentration of the sample.

The Results of Astroclimate Observations in the Short-Wave Length Interval of the Millimeter-Wave Range on the Suffa Plateau

2017 ◽  
Vol 59 (8-9) ◽  
pp. 763-771 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. Bubnov ◽  
Yu. N. Artemenko ◽  
V. F. Vdovin ◽  
D. B. Danilevsky ◽  
I. I. Zinchenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Millimeter Wave ◽  
Wave Length ◽  
Short Wave ◽  
Short Wave Length ◽  
Millimeter Wave Range ◽  
Wave Range

Die Beeinflussung der Zellkerne in den Vorkeimen von Dryopteris filix-mas durch rote und blaue Strahlung

1963 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 557-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rainer Bergfeld
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Visible Light ◽  
Blue Light ◽  
External Factor ◽  
Wave Length ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Short Wave ◽  
Nuclear Volume ◽  
Short Wave Length

Morphogenesis and differentiation of fern gametophytes (Dryopteris filix-mas) are strongly controlled by light. “Normal” morphogenesis, i. e. formation of two- or three dimensional prothallia, can occur only under short wave length visible light (= blue light). In darkness and under long wave length visible light (= red light) the gametophytes will grow as filaments. The blue light dependent photoreactive system which controls morphogenesis seems to be located in the outer layers of the cytoplasm. The control of morphogenesis is causally connected with the increase of protein synthesis under the influence of blue light.In the present paper the influence of red and blue light on shape and volume of the nucleus in the fully grown basal cell of the young gametophyte of Dryopteris filix-mas has been investigated. In blue light the nuclei are more or less spherical, in red and in darkness they are spindle shaped. If the light quality is changed the shape of the nuclei is only slightly influenced; the nuclear volume, however, is drastically changed: increase of volume in the blue, decrease of nuclear volume in red and darkness. These reversible changes of nuclear volume under the influence of light, which are apparently correlated with changing rates of protein synthesis, are an impressive example for the control of nuclear properties by an external factor via the cytoplasm.

Energy band engineering and controlled p‐type conductivity of CuAlO2 thin films by nonisovalent Cu‐O alloying

2012 ◽  
Vol 100 (6) ◽  
pp. 062102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Q. Yao ◽  
B. He ◽  
L. Zhang ◽  
C. Q. Zhuang ◽  
T. W. Ng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Energy Band ◽  
Type Conductivity ◽  
Band Engineering ◽  
P Type

The effect of sulfur on the electrical properties of S and N co-doped ZnO thin films: experiment and first-principles calculations

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (26) ◽  
pp. 16705-16708 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenzhe Niu ◽  
Hongbin Xu ◽  
Yanmin Guo ◽  
Yaguang Li ◽  
Zhizhen Ye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Electrical Properties ◽  
First Principles ◽  
Zno Thin Films ◽  
First Principles Calculations ◽  
Type Conductivity ◽  
Doped Zno ◽  
P Type ◽  
Co Doped

The S dopants in S–N co-doped ZnO contribute to easier doping and p-type conductivity, as concluded by experiment and calculations.

scholarly journals Control of Short-Wave Length Irregularity of Slivers

1960 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-34
Author(s):  
Shoichi Ishikawa ◽  
Jiro Shimizu
Keyword(s):  
Wave Length ◽  
Short Wave ◽  
Short Wave Length
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