Phase Separation of Gold Microcrystals in Glass with an Electric Field

2004 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 1024-1028 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guoliang Wang ◽  
Kaiming Liang ◽  
Wei Liu ◽  
Feng Zhou ◽  
Hua Shao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Phase Separation ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Applied Electric Field ◽  
Metal Particles ◽  
Static Electric Field ◽  
New Model ◽  
Treatment Experiment ◽  
Gold Microcrystals ◽  
Droplet Phase

Based on static electromagnetics theory and thermodynamics theory, a new model is proposed to describe the phase separation from the glass doped with metal particles in a static electric field. This model is proved by a heat-treatment experiment of boracic silicate glass doped with gold. The results indicate that the externally applied electric field promotes the phase separation of the glass and leads to a different size of the droplet phase just as this new model has predicted.

Nano-Sized Fine Droplets of Liquid Crystals for Optical Application

1996 ◽  
Vol 457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiro Matsumoto ◽  
Marthe Houlbert ◽  
Takayoshi Hayashi ◽  
Ken-ichi Kubodera
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Crystal ◽  
Phase Separation ◽  
Liquid Crystals ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Applied Voltage ◽  
Applied Electric Field ◽  
Uv Curing ◽  
Infrared Region ◽  
High Transparency ◽  
Power Change

ABSTRACTNano-sized fine droplets of liquid crystal (LC) were obtained by phase separation of nematic LC in UV curing polymer. The polymer composite had a high transparency in the infrared region. The fine droplets responded to an electric field causing a change in birefringence. Output power change was brought about by the generated retardation between two polarizations, parallel and perpendicular to the applied electric field. This differs from the composite containing much larger droplets, where output depends on the degree of scattering. The birefringence changed by 0.001 at the applied voltage of 7.5 V/μm.

Micro-Morphology of Crystal Separated from Glass by the Heat-Treatment with an Electric Field

2007 ◽  
Vol 280-283 ◽  
pp. 1647-1650
Author(s):  
Guoliang Wang ◽  
Kai Ming Liang ◽  
Wei Liu ◽  
An Min Hu ◽  
Feng Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Free Energy ◽  
Phase Separation ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Borosilicate Glass ◽  
Free Energy Change ◽  
Silver Particles ◽  
Micro Morphology ◽  
Calculation Analysis

By means of SEM, the micro-morphology of silver particles separated from borosilicate glass by the heat-treatment with an electric field is investigated. The distribution of the silver particles appears clusters. This result is explained by an energy viewpoint. Based on hermodynamics theory of phase separation, the calculation of the free energy change during the heat-treatment in an electric field is performed by means of the Ansoft Maxwell software. The results of this calculation analysis are found to be very close to the experimental data.

ELECTRIC-FIELD-INDUCED LAMELLAR STRUCTURES IN MAGNETIC FLUIDS — A 2D DIFFUSION MODEL

2002 ◽  
Vol 16 (17n18) ◽  
pp. 2341-2344 ◽  
Author(s):  
BRETT RILEY ◽  
ANIKET BHATTACHARYA ◽  
MICHAEL JOHNSON ◽  
XIAODONG DUAN ◽  
WEILI LUO
Keyword(s):  
Phase Separation ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Diffusion Model ◽  
Magnetic Fluid ◽  
Applied Electric Field ◽  
Continuity Equation ◽  
Fluid Layer ◽  
Critical Value ◽  
Lamellar Structures ◽  
2D Simulation

A lamellar pattern can form in a thin magnetic fluid layer when the applied electric field is above a critical value. A 2D simulation is performed to study the field-induced phase separation and the pattern by using the mass continuity equation. The simulation produces the similar structure in field but does not match the experimental growth law.

Structural evolution and phase separation of CaO · Al2O3 · SiO2 glasses in an electric field

1999 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 4421-4425
Author(s):  
W. Liu ◽  
X. M. Gu ◽  
Y. K. Zheng ◽  
K. M. Liang
Keyword(s):  
Phase Separation ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Structural Evolution ◽  
Nucleating Agent ◽  
Static Electric Field ◽  
Spectra Analysis ◽  
Alkali Ions ◽  
Aluminosilicate Glasses ◽  
Calcium Aluminosilicate

In the present paper, the process of phase separation in calcium aluminosilicate glasses (CAS glasses) containing TiO2 as a nucleating agent is studied. A static electric field promotes the process of phase separation even when the time of heat treatment is short. The effect of electric field on phase separation acts through the higher polarizability of Ti ions. Alkali ions, when present, will diffuse toward the cathode, which may generate different micromorphology at the parts of samples near the cathode and the anode. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Raman spectra analysis confirm the conclusion that the electric field has promoted phase separation in CAS glasses.

THE NORMAL STATE RESISTIVITY OF A SUPERCONDUCTING FILM IN AN EXTERNAL STATIC ELECTRIC FIELD IN YBa2Cu3O7−x

1996 ◽  
Vol 10 (23) ◽  
pp. 1123-1128 ◽  
Author(s):  
LYDIA S. LINGAM ◽  
KESHAV N. SHRIVASTAVA
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Normal State ◽  
Applied Electric Field ◽  
Superconducting Film ◽  
Square Root ◽  
Static Electric Field ◽  
Normal State Resistivity ◽  
Static Approximation ◽  
Conduction Electrons ◽  
Measured Resistivity

We propose two mechanisms for the variation of resistance of a film as a function of applied electric field. The resistivity calculated for the field-driven movement of the mobile charge carriers in the normal state of a superconductor in the static approximation varies as the square root of the electric field, ρ∝E1/2 only as long as the dielectric constant is independent of the field. We also predict that the resistivity of a system with conduction electrons localized along a 1-dimensional chain varies as the square root of the applied electric field. We have found that for the electric field larger than about half of the break down field, E >E BD /2, the measured resistivity varies as the square root of the electric field, ρ∝E1/2. Thus both of the theoretical approximations are in agreement with the experimental measurements of the normal state resistivity of YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7−x.

LIQUID CRYSTLASLIGHT SCATTERING BY FLUCTUATIONS INDUCED BY AN APPLIED ELECTRIC FIELD IN A NEMATIC LIQUID CRYSTAL (APAPA)

1972 ◽  
Vol 33 (C1) ◽  
pp. C1-63-C1-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. BERTOLOTTI ◽  
B. DAINO ◽  
P. Di PORTO ◽  
F. SCUDIERI ◽  
D. SETTE
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Crystal ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Nematic Liquid Crystal ◽  
Applied Electric Field

Improved technique for measuring mechanical deformations induced by an applied electric field to an organic insulator

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 127-139
Author(s):  
Tung Tran Anh ◽  
Laurent Berquez ◽  
Laurent Boudou ◽  
Juan Martinez-Vega ◽  
Alain Lacarnoy
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Applied Electric Field ◽  
Mechanical Deformations ◽  
Improved Technique

Behaviors of NaCl Ions Intruding into Methane Hydrate under a Static Electric Field

2021 ◽  
Vol 125 (33) ◽  
pp. 18483-18493
Author(s):  
Kehan Li ◽  
Bingbing Chen ◽  
Mingjun Yang ◽  
Yongchen Song ◽  
Lanlan Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Methane Hydrate ◽  
Static Electric Field

Solution for a Semi-Permeable Interface Crack in Elastic Dielectric/Piezoelectric Bimaterials

2008 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Q. Li ◽  
Y. H. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Mechanical Loading ◽  
Interface Crack ◽  
Applied Electric Field ◽  
Crack Tip ◽  
Crack Model ◽  
Permeable Crack ◽  
Impermeable Crack ◽  
Silicon Oil ◽  
Elastic Dielectric

A semi-permeable interface crack in infinite elastic dielectric/piezoelectric bimaterials under combined electric and mechanical loading is studied by using the Stroh complex variable theory. Attention is focused on the influence induced from the permittivity of the medium inside the crack gap on the near-tip singularity and on the energy release rate (ERR). Thirty five kinds of such bimaterials are considered, which are constructed by five kinds of elastic dielectrics and seven kinds of piezoelectrics, respectively. Numerical results for the interface crack tip singularities are calculated. We demonstrate that, whatever the dielectric phase is much softer or much harder than the piezoelectric phase, the structure of the singular field near the semi-permeable interface crack tip in such bimaterials always consists of the singularity r−1∕2 and a pair of oscillatory singularities r−1∕2±iε. Calculated values of the oscillatory index ε for the 35 kinds of bimaterials are presented in tables, which are always within the range between 0.046 and 0.088. Energy analyses for five kinds of such bimaterials constructed by PZT-4 and the five kinds of elastic dielectrics are studied in more detail under four different cases: (i) the crack is electrically conducting, (ii) the crack gap is filled with air/vacuum, (iii) the crack gap is filled with silicon oil, and (iv) the crack is electrically impermeable. Detailed comparisons on the variable tendencies of the crack tip ERR against the applied electric field are given under some practical electromechanical loading levels. We conclude that the different values of the permittivity have no influence on the crack tip singularity but have significant influences on the crack tip ERR. We also conclude that the previous investigations under the impermeable crack model are incorrect since the results of the ERR for the impermeable crack show significant discrepancies from those for the semi-permeable crack, whereas the previous investigations under the conducting crack model may be accepted in a tolerant way since the results of the ERR show very small discrepancies from those for the semi-permeable crack, especially when the crack gap is filled with silicon oil. In all cases under consideration the curves of the ERR for silicon oil are more likely tending to those for the conducting crack rather than to those for air or vacuum. Finally, we conclude that the variable tendencies of the ERR against the applied electric field have an interesting load-dependent feature when the applied mechanical loading increases. This feature is due to the nonlinear relation between the normal electric displacement component and the applied electromechanical loadings from a quadratic equation.

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