Mechanical and bio-lubricated friction performance of PA6G for gear applications

MRS Advances ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (59-60) ◽  
pp. 3055-3064
Author(s):  
María T. Hernández-Sierra ◽  
Juan E. Marta ◽  
Luis D. Aguilera-Camacho ◽  
J.S. García-Miranda ◽  
José E. Báez-García ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Low Friction ◽  
Mechanical And Tribological Properties ◽  
Hardness Tests ◽  
Friction Performance ◽  
Canola Oils ◽  
Pin On Disk ◽  
Chemical Groups ◽  
Potential Use

AbstractThe PA6G blue is a polymeric material for great versatility of engineering applications that required good mechanical and tribological properties such as gears. The focus of this study was to investigate the mechanical properties as well as the friction and wear resistance of a commercial PA6G blue under biodegradable external lubrication, to evaluate its potential use for gear applications. Firstly, the PA6G blue was characterized by FTIR analysis in order to identify the characteristic chemical groups of this polymer. The mechanical characterization was performed by tension and hardness tests according to the standards ASTM D638 and ASTM E10, respectively. Subsequently, friction tests were carried out on a tribometer with pin-on-disk configuration based on the ASTM G99 standard, in dry and lubricated conditions. Natural castor and canola oils were employed as bio-lubricants, as well as their mixture at 50% by volume. The results exhibited that the PA6G blue exhibit good mechanical performance as that required by gear fabrications. Besides, the friction performance showed a low friction coefficient of 0.11 in the dry condition that decreased about 50% in lubricated tests, obtaining a friction coefficient value of 0.054.

The study of friction layer and tribological property of PI–matrix composites

2017 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiulin Xu ◽  
Xing Lu ◽  
Zuoxiang Qin ◽  
Dalong Yang
Keyword(s):  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Tribological Property ◽  
Wear Debris ◽  
Friction Pair ◽  
Matrix Composites ◽  
Low Friction ◽  
Friction Layer ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Compact Zone ◽  
Pin On Disk

Purpose This paper aims to study the friction layer and tribological property of polyimide (PI)–matrix composites under different friction speeds. Design/methodology/approach Friction tests were conducted under friction speeds ranging from 20-120 km/h and pressure of 0.57 MPa by a pin-on-disk tribometer. Findings The results indicate that the friction coefficient decreases with the increasing of the friction speed. Under different friction speeds, the structure of the friction layer and debris are different, which affects the actual tribological performance of the composites. At low friction speed, the morphology of the friction layer is mainly particulate. The higher level of clenching action between the friction pair leads to a high friction coefficient, and the morphology of the particles in the particulate zone and the wear debris are mostly equiaxial particles. At high friction speed, the morphology of the friction layer is mainly a compact zone. The reduction of the surface roughness leads to a low friction coefficient. The debris collected on the counter surface at high friction speeds are mostly big sheets, and the morphology of the particles in the particulate zone is mostly rod-like. Controlling the conditions of the disk and the pin can reveal the influence of friction speed on the friction layer. The wear mechanisms at different friction speeds are also discussed. Originality/value By controlling the conditions of the disk and the pin to reveal the influence of friction speed on the friction layer, and the evolutions of the friction layer, wear debris were carefully inspected with the aim of demonstrating the relationship between friction speed and wear mechanism of PI–matrix composites.

The Difficulty of Measuring Low Friction: Uncertainty Analysis for Friction Coefficient Measurements

2005 ◽  
Vol 127 (3) ◽  
pp. 673-678 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tony L. Schmitz, ◽  
Jason E. Action, ◽  
John C. Ziegert, and ◽  
W. Gregory Sawyer
Keyword(s):  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Uncertainty Analysis ◽  
Cell Voltage ◽  
Load Cell ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Voltage Measurement ◽  
Low Friction ◽  
Laboratory Procedure ◽  
Friction Measurements ◽  
Pin On Disk

The experimental evaluation of friction coefficient is a common laboratory procedure; however, the corresponding measurement uncertainty is not widely discussed. This manuscript examines the experimental uncertainty associated with friction measurements by following the guidelines prescribed in international standards. The uncertainty contributors identified in this analysis include load cell calibration, load cell voltage measurement, and instrument geometry. A series of 20 tests, carried out under nominally identical conditions, was performed using a reciprocating pin-on-disk tribometer. A comparison between the experimental standard deviation and uncertainty analysis results is provided.

scholarly journals Fabrication of Self-Lubricating Porous UHMWPE with Excellent Mechanical Properties and Friction Performance via Rotary Sintering

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xianwu Cao ◽  
Yuping Li ◽  
Guangjian He
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Sintering Temperature ◽  
High Porosity ◽  
Low Friction ◽  
Sintering Time ◽  
Friction Curve ◽  
Friction Performance ◽  
Ultra High Molecular Weight ◽  
Sintering Method

Porous ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) self-lubricating materials were designed and fabricated by a rotary sintering method, and the microstructure and properties were evaluated. Results showed that the rotary molding could not only significantly improve the molding efficiency but also formed uniform internal microstructures with high porosity, excellent mechanical properties, and low friction coefficient. Under oil lubricating conditions, the friction curve of samples quickly reached a steady state, the friction coefficient was reduced by 50%, and the repeat utilization was up to 99%. The following optimum sintering conditions were shown: Sintering temperature of 180 °C or 190 °C, sintering time determined as 10 min, and loading capacity of between 3.6 g and 3.8 g. Therefore, it is expected that this work will open a convenient and compatible strategy for fabricating porous materials with good self-lubricating performance.

Boundary Lubricated Friction Experiments With Coarse Surface Texture

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorn Larsen-Basse ◽  
Lewis Ives ◽  
Stephen M. Hsu
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Contact Area ◽  
Surface Texture ◽  
304 Stainless Steel ◽  
Low Friction ◽  
Partial Removal ◽  
Coarse Texture ◽  
Coarse Surface ◽  
Pin On Disk

Low-speed friction experiments were conducted under boundary lubrication in a pin-on-disk tester. The 304 stainless steel disk had smooth areas alternating with areas of coarse surface texture consisting of indents or macroscopic grooves, 0.3–0.4 mm in size and in area fractions varying between 25 and 70%. The 3.2 mm flat pin was also SS304. The coarse texture has detrimental effects. For each pattern the friction coefficient is greater than for the smooth areas. It becomes independent of load as boundary conditions set in. In comparing various patterns it is noted that this friction coefficient increases with pressure or with the amount of area removed to form the texture. It is suggested that partial removal of surface area to form the texture reduces the number of trapped liquid patches, which otherwise can provide low-friction load support. The coarse texture may also conduct lubricant away from the contact area.

Friction and wear of argon-implanted silicon crystals

1994 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Lekki ◽  
Z. Stachura ◽  
N. Preikschas ◽  
B. Cleff ◽  
M. Cholewa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Single Crystals ◽  
Friction And Wear ◽  
Strong Influence ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Low Friction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Silicon Crystals ◽  
Xrd Techniques ◽  
Pin On Disk

Silicon 〈111〉 single crystals were implanted with 70 keV Ar ions to the dose of 1017 ions/cm2. Next, the friction coefficient between a Si crystal and a hard steel ball was measured using a pin-on-disk setup in air and in vacuum. The wear tracks were measured using a surface profilometer. For measurements performed in vacuum, a strong influence of implantation on friction force and wear tracks was found. The microstructure of the samples was subsequently investigated using RBS, ERD, and x-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. Micro-RBS measurements showed that Ar had been removed from the wear tracks, despite their continued exhibition of low friction.

Iron and Bronze Powdered Based Materials for Bearings with Surface Modified with Solid Lubricant Nanoparticles

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 253-257
Author(s):  
M. Lijewski ◽  
V. Leshynsky ◽  
H. Wisniewska-Weinert ◽  
J. Sulej-Chojnacka ◽  
T. Rybak
Keyword(s):  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Tribological Properties ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Solid Lubricant ◽  
Modern Technology ◽  
Powder Metallurgy Method ◽  
Low Friction ◽  
Mechanical And Tribological Properties ◽  
Porous Bearing ◽  
Surface Modified

Abstract In the recent years, a growth of demand for various types of self-lubricating elements of machines has been observed. A lot of parts are manufactured with the use of a powder metallurgy method. The Metal Forming Institute (INOP) in Poznan developed a modern technology, designed and made a tool for compaction of powdered parts with complex shapes and high density. The technology is being realised with a large scale equipment, which performs the forging and sizing of the sintered performs. The present work describes development of manufacturing technology and determination of mechanical and tribological properties of nanocomposites for self-lubricating bearings with a very low friction coefficient. It is envisaged to use particulate materials which consist of nano-and microparticles of solid lubricant. The study conducted aims at definition of a relationship between the microstructure and tribological properties of materials modified with solid lubricant MoS2 nanoparticles dispersed in a technological oil. INOP’s technology of nanoparticles manufacturing by RCT method (Rolling Cleavage Technology) results in that top layer of the porous bearing is modified with the nanoparticles. These layers are characterised by a low friction coefficient and considerably longer period of use. It should be noted that the stainless steel and bronze powders materials used have a good corrosion resistance. Production of the sintered bearings will disseminate the market especially in automotive and aircraft industries.

Development of the Self-Lubricating Steels by Compression of Granulated Powders

2017 ◽  
Vol 899 ◽  
pp. 299-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.B. Demetrio ◽  
Tatiana Bendo ◽  
C. Binder ◽  
G. Hammes ◽  
P.F. Orsi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Friction And Wear ◽  
Powder Injection ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Low Friction ◽  
Mechanical And Tribological Properties ◽  
Second Phase Particles ◽  
Promising Solution ◽  
Average Size ◽  
Type Mixer

Self-lubrication composites containing second phase particles incorporated into the volume of the material appears to be a promising solution for controlling friction and wear in modern systems. The objective of this work was the development of steels with low friction coefficient using granulated powders through a precursor (SiC), which generate carbon nodules in a ferrous matrix. The studied alloy composition was Fe+0,6C+3SiC using 2 wt.% of EVA as binder. In this study, the influence of the average size of the iron particles and silicon carbide (SiC) in the microstructure, mechanical and tribological properties was evaluated. The powders were first mixed in a "Y" type mixer, granulated drum, compressed and sintered in plasma in a single thermal cycle assuring binder extraction and sintering of components. The achieved results were close to those of alloys of the same composition produced via powder injection molding (PIM) but with processing time and cost close to those of conventional powder metallurgy (PM). Materials with yield strength of 250 MPa, durability of 2800 Nm and 0.11 friction coefficient were obtained.

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