Photonic Curing of Copper Ink Films on Liquid Crystal Polymer Substrate

MRS Advances ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (42) ◽  
pp. 2191-2199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Luce ◽  
Guinevere Strack ◽  
Oshadha Ranasingha ◽  
Edward Kingsely ◽  
Craig Armiento ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Crystal ◽  
Energy Density ◽  
Copper Film ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Liquid Crystal Polymer ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Total Energy Density ◽  
Crystal Polymer

AbstractThe application of intense pulsed light (IPL) to printed copper nanoparticle (CuNP) films enables rapid curing on low temperature substrates in ambient conditions. In this work, we printed CuNP ink on liquid crystal polymer (LCP; Vectra A resin) and then cured the films using a high energy density light pulse. High-resolution SEM images of the cured films revealed that the CuNPs on LCP were fused together. Optimal curing parameters were a 5 ms pulse, 75% duty cycle, and an energy density range of 4.2–5.2 J⋅cm-2. Sheet resistance, Rs, values as low as ~0.1 Ω⋅sq-1were obtained. The LCP substrate took on a yellowed appearance after the application of five pulses and exhibited a surface free energy increase. A filter that blocked wavelengths <450 nm was placed over the printed copper film on LCP. As expected, the presence of the filter decreased the total energy density and produced a cured film with high Rs; however, when the energy density was increased in the presence of the filter, the Rs remained high (0.95 Ω⋅sq-1). This preliminary work indicates that additional studies are required not only to understand low thermal budget curing on LCP, but also to elucidate the properties of substrates that enable low Rs.

High-pressure new phase of AgN3

2021 ◽  
pp. 2150386
Author(s):  
Shifeng Niu ◽  
Ran Liu ◽  
Xuhan Shi ◽  
Zhen Yao ◽  
Bingbing Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Energy Density ◽  
Density Functional ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Detonation Properties ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Structure Search ◽  
Enthalpy Difference ◽  
High Energy Density Material

The structural evolutionary behaviors of AgN3 have been studied by using the particle swarm optimization structure search method combined with the density functional theory. One stable high-pressure metal polymeric phase with the [Formula: see text] space group is suggested. The enthalpy difference analysis indicates that the Ibam-AgN3 phase will transfer to the I4/mcm-AgN3 phase at 4.7 GPa and then to the [Formula: see text]-AgN3 phase at 24 GPa. The [Formula: see text]-AgN3 structure is composed of armchair–antiarmchair N-chain, in which all the N atoms are sp2 hybridization. The inherent stability of the armchair–antiarmchair chain and the anion–cation interaction between the N-chain and Ag atom induce a high stability of the [Formula: see text]-AgN3 phase, which can be captured at ambient conditions and hold its stable structure up to 1400 K. The exhibited high energy density (1.88 KJ/g) and prominent detonation properties ([Formula: see text] Km/s; [Formula: see text] GPa) of the [Formula: see text]-AgN3 phase make it a potentially high energy density material.

Three-dimensional graphene membrane cathode for high energy density rechargeable lithium-air batteries in ambient conditions

Nano Research ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 472-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xing Zhong ◽  
Benjamin Papandrea ◽  
Yuxi Xu ◽  
Zhaoyang Lin ◽  
Hua Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Graphene Membrane ◽  
Lithium Air Batteries

Renewable Ammonia as an Energy Fuel for Ocean Exploration and Transportation

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 126-136
Author(s):  
Jian Liu ◽  
Robert J. Cavagnaro ◽  
Zhiqun Daniel Deng ◽  
Yuyan Shao ◽  
Li-Jung Kuo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Energy Density ◽  
Electricity Markets ◽  
Wave Energy ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
The United States ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Ocean Exploration

AbstractRenewable power generated from ocean wave energy has faced technological and cost barriers that have hindered its penetration into utility-scale electricity markets. As an alternative, the production of chemical fuels—for example, ammonia (NH3), which has high energy density (11.5 MJ/L) and facile storage properties—may open wave energy to new markets including ocean exploration and transportation. Electrochemical synthesis of NH3 from air and water at ambient conditions has been studied and documented in the literature. Based on recent reports, it is possible to achieve an overall conversion efficiency of 10% from wave energy to NH3 by electrochemically reacting air and water. If all the 1170-TWh/year recoverable wave energy in the United States were used to produce renewable NH3 fuel as a replacement for hydrocarbon fuels, more than 250 million tons of CO2 emissions every year would be eliminated without accounting for the small amount of CO2 emission from the conversion of NH3. Several potential at-sea application scenarios have been proposed for renewable NH3 fuel including production and storage for marine shipping and seasonal energy storage for Arctic exploration. Liquefied NH3 has much higher energy density, both gravimetrically and volumetrically, than a variety of batteries; however, the energy efficiency of NH3 is lower than that of commonly used batteries such as Li-ion batteries. The levelized cost of storing NH3 prepared using electricity can be less than $0.2/kWh, and the storage time can exceed 10,000 h, which indicates that NH3 could be a promising energy-storage solution that makes use of abundant wave energy. However, safety and environmental concerns involved in the use of NH3 at sea exist and are identified and discussed in this paper. Also discussed are challenges regarding the electrocatalyst used for NH3 synthesis and how molecular simulation may help to screen electrocatalysts with high efficiency and selectivity.

scholarly journals Stabilization of the High-Energy-Density CuN5 Salts under Ambient Conditions by a Ligand Effect

ACS Omega ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. 6221-6227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wencai Yi ◽  
Kefan Zhao ◽  
Zhixiu Wang ◽  
Bingchao Yang ◽  
Zhen Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Ligand Effect

A HIGH ENERGY DENSITY ZINC/OXYGEN BATTERY SYSTEM

1966 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. CHODOSH ◽  
E. KATSOULIS ◽  
M. ROSANSKY
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Battery System

Efficient Co-Harvesting of Solar Energy and Low-Grade Heat by Molecular Photoswitches for High Energy Density, Long-Term Stable Solar Thermal Battery

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhao-Yang Zhang ◽  
Tao LI
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
High Performance ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Solar Thermal ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Thermal Battery ◽  
Low Grade Heat

Solar energy and ambient heat are two inexhaustible energy sources for addressing the global challenge of energy and sustainability. Solar thermal battery based on molecular switches that can store solar energy and release it as heat has recently attracted great interest, but its development is severely limited by both low energy density and short storage stability. On the other hand, the efficient recovery and upgrading of low-grade heat, especially that of the ambient heat, has been a great challenge. Here we report that solar energy and ambient heat can be simultaneously harvested and stored, which is enabled by room-temperature photochemical crystal-to-liquid transitions of small-molecule photoswitches. The two forms of energy are released together to produce high-temperature heat during the reverse photochemical phase change. This strategy, combined with molecular design, provides high energy density of 320-370 J/g and long-term storage stability (half-life of about 3 months). On this basis, we fabricate high-performance, flexible film devices of solar thermal battery, which can be readily recharged at room temperature with good cycling ability, show fast rate of heat release, and produce high-temperature heat that is >20<sup> o</sup>C higher than the ambient temperature. Our work opens up a new avenue to harvest ambient heat, and demonstrate a feasible strategy to develop high-performance solar thermal battery.

Efficient Co-Harvesting of Solar Energy and Low-Grade Heat by Molecular Photoswitches for High Energy Density, Long-Term Stable Solar Thermal Battery

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhao-Yang Zhang ◽  
Tao LI
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
High Performance ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Solar Thermal ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Thermal Battery ◽  
Low Grade Heat

Solar energy and ambient heat are two inexhaustible energy sources for addressing the global challenge of energy and sustainability. Solar thermal battery based on molecular switches that can store solar energy and release it as heat has recently attracted great interest, but its development is severely limited by both low energy density and short storage stability. On the other hand, the efficient recovery and upgrading of low-grade heat, especially that of the ambient heat, has been a great challenge. Here we report that solar energy and ambient heat can be simultaneously harvested and stored, which is enabled by room-temperature photochemical crystal-to-liquid transitions of small-molecule photoswitches. The two forms of energy are released together to produce high-temperature heat during the reverse photochemical phase change. This strategy, combined with molecular design, provides high energy density of 320-370 J/g and long-term storage stability (half-life of about 3 months). On this basis, we fabricate high-performance, flexible film devices of solar thermal battery, which can be readily recharged at room temperature with good cycling ability, show fast rate of heat release, and produce high-temperature heat that is >20<sup> o</sup>C higher than the ambient temperature. Our work opens up a new avenue to harvest ambient heat, and demonstrate a feasible strategy to develop high-performance solar thermal battery.

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