The application of LIBS and other techniques on Chinese low temperature glaze

MRS Advances ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (39-40) ◽  
pp. 2081-2094 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang Qu ◽  
Xinqiang Zhang ◽  
Hongying Duan ◽  
Rui Zhang ◽  
Guanghua Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Porcelain Body ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Breakdown Spectroscopy ◽  
Alkali Glass ◽  
Metal Body ◽  
Glazed Porcelain

ABSTRACT The focus of this paper is on analysis, comparison and research on the colorful low-temperature, lead-containing overglazes on glazed porcelain body and on the enamel glazes on the metal body of the Qing Dynasty by adopting several analytical methods. Analysis and tests on the element, boron in overglaze on glazed porcelain body and enamel glaze on metal body, were performed using laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), and the results showed that Cloisonné enamel, painted enamel and Falangcai samples contained boron, while Famille Rose (Fencai) samples did not contain boron. Meanwhile, such analysis methods as laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDXRF), Micro-Raman, stereomicroscope and Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) were used to test and observe the element composition, crystal composition and microstructure of the samples. The results illustrated that matrix glaze of Cloisonné enamel, painted enamel and Falangcai was the same. The yellow glaze was a lead-alkali glass and other color glazes were boron-lead-alkali glass, while all color glazes of Famille Rose were lead-alkali glass. Colorful low-temperature overglaze on glazed porcelain body and enamel glaze on metal body had a common practice and technology in the use of opacifiers and colorants. Compared to painted enamel, the painting technique of Famille Rose was more complicated, and effect was apparently praised as being superior.

scholarly journals Low-Temperature Plasma as an Approach for Inhibiting a Multi-Species Cariogenic Biofilm

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 570
Author(s):  
Leandro W. Figueira ◽  
Beatriz H. D. Panariello ◽  
Cristiane Y. Koga-Ito ◽  
Simone Duarte
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Low Temperature Plasma ◽  
Temperature Plasma ◽  
Plasma Device ◽  
Negative Controls ◽  
Promising Source

This study aimed to determine how low-temperature plasma (LTP) treatment affects single- and multi-species biofilms formed by Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguinis, and Streptococcus gordonii formed on hydroxyapatite discs. LTP was produced by argon gas using the kINPen09™ (Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology, INP, Greifswald, Germany). Biofilms were treated at a 10 mm distance from the nozzle of the plasma device to the surface of the biofilm per 30 s, 60 s, and 120 s. A 0.89% saline solution and a 0.12% chlorhexidine solution were used as negative and positive controls, respectively. Argon flow at three exposure times (30 s, 60 s, and 120 s) was also used as control. Biofilm viability was analyzed by colony-forming units (CFU) recovery and confocal laser scanning microscopy. Multispecies biofilms presented a reduction in viability (log10 CFU/mL) for all plasma-treated samples when compared to both positive and negative controls (p < 0.0001). In single-species biofilms formed by either S. mutans or S. sanguinis, a significant reduction in all exposure times was observed when compared to both positive and negative controls (p < 0.0001). For single-species biofilms formed by S. gordonii, the results indicate total elimination of S. gordonii for all exposure times. Low exposure times of LTP affects single- and multi-species cariogenic biofilms, which indicates that the treatment is a promising source for the development of new protocols for the control of dental caries.

scholarly journals A facile colorimetric method for the quantification of labile iron pool and total iron in cells and tissue specimens

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Usama Abbasi ◽  
Srinivas Abbina ◽  
Arshdeep Gill ◽  
Vriti Bhagat ◽  
Jayachandran N. Kizhakkedathu
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Colorimetric Method ◽  
Total Iron ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Labile Iron Pool ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Labile Iron ◽  
Iron Pool

AbstractQuantification of iron is an important step to assess the iron burden in patients suffering from iron overload diseases, as well as tremendous value in understanding the underlying role of iron in the pathophysiology of these diseases. Current iron determination of total or labile iron, requires extensive sample handling and specialized instruments, whilst being time consuming and laborious. Moreover, there is minimal to no overlap between total iron and labile iron quantification methodologies—i.e. requiring entirely separate protocols, techniques and instruments. Herein, we report a unified-ferene (u-ferene) assay that enables a 2-in-1 quantification of both labile and total iron from the same preparation of a biological specimen. We demonstrate that labile iron concentrations determined from the u-ferene assay is in agreement with confocal laser scanning microscopy techniques employed within the literature. Further, this assay offers the same sensitivity as the current gold standard, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), for total iron measurements. The new u-ferene assay will have tremendous value for the wider scientific community as it offers an economic and readily accessible method for convenient 2-in-1 measurement of total and labile iron from biological samples, whilst maintaining the precision and sensitivity, as compared to ICP-MS.

scholarly journals Microstructure and Charpy Impact Toughness of a 2.25Cr-1Mo-0.25V Steel Weld Metal

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 3013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kefan Wu ◽  
Yingjie Yan ◽  
Rui Cao ◽  
Xinyu Li ◽  
Yong Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Impact Toughness ◽  
Weld Metal ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Granular Bainite ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Temperature Impact ◽  
Low Temperature Impact Toughness

The demand for heat-resistant steel has increased owing to its utility in numerous devices that must withstand high steam pressures and high temperatures, such as turbine rotors and blades in ultra-supercritical power plants. It is inevitable to join heat-resistance steel part by welding method, so it is important to maintain the toughness of the weld metals. In this study, the microstructure, low-temperature impact toughness, and fracture surface of as-welded and post-weld heat treatment (PWHT) of 2.25Cr-1Mo-0.25V weld metal were investigated. The microstructures of the as-welded and PWHT specimens are granular bainite and ferrite, respectively. This work revealed the relationship between effective microstructure nearby crack initiation origin and low temperature impact toughness for both the as-welded and PWHT specimens. The evolution of the microstructure and prior austenite was then investigated using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) to observe the formation of coarse ferrite grain structures. A suggestion for enhancing the low-temperature toughness was provided based on the effect of adjusting Mn content and forming acicular ferrite.

scholarly journals Development of a methodology for measuring the evolution of duplex stainless-steel low-temperature plasma nitrided phases expansion using confocal laser scanning microscopy

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Eduardo Alves Feitosa ◽  
Rodrigo Perito Cardoso ◽  
Silvio Francisco Brunatto
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Duplex Stainless Steel ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Low Temperature Plasma ◽  
Temperature Plasma ◽  
Innovative Methodology ◽  
Different Response

Samples of duplex stainless steel SAF 2507 were low-temperature plasma nitrided to characterize separately, on the surface, the behavior of its ferrite and austenite phases in relation to two competing processes, that is, one caused by enrichment by nitrogen, resulting in possible expansion, and the other caused by the removal of superficial atoms via sputtering, which may lead to the retraction of the studied phases. Since these phases have different different compositions and crystalline structures, of which the diffusivity and solubility of nitrogen in them are dependent, a different response for each type of phase can be expected. In this article, an innovative methodology has been developed to quantify and clarify which effects are predominant in the course of nitriding for each of these phases. The results indicate that phase expansion prevails over sputtering.

3-D imaging of cells using a confocal laser scanning microscope and digital image processing

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 96-97
Author(s):  
Thomas M. Jovin ◽  
Michel Robert-Nicoud ◽  
Donna J. Arndt-Jovin ◽  
Thorsten Schormann
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Confocal Laser Scanning ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Scanning Microscope ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscope ◽  
Biochemical Processes ◽  
Adjacent Structures

Light microscopic techniques for visualizing biomolecules and biochemical processes in situ have become indispensable in studies concerning the structural organization of supramolecular assemblies in cells and of processes during the cell cycle, transformation, differentiation, and development. Confocal laser scanning microscopy offers a number of advantages for the in situ localization and quantitation of fluorescence labeled targets and probes: (i) rejection of interfering signals emanating from out-of-focus and adjacent structures, allowing the “optical sectioning” of the specimen and 3-D reconstruction without time consuming deconvolution; (ii) increased spatial resolution; (iii) electronic control of contrast and magnification; (iv) simultanous imaging of the specimen by optical phenomena based on incident, scattered, emitted, and transmitted light; and (v) simultanous use of different fluorescent probes and types of detectors.We currently use a confocal laser scanning microscope CLSM (Zeiss, Oberkochen) equipped with 3-laser excitation (u.v - visible) and confocal optics in the fluorescence mode, as well as a computer-controlled X-Y-Z scanning stage with 0.1 μ resolution.

Vacuoles Induced in Mammalian Cells by Helicobacter Cytotoxin are Acidic Organelles

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 168-169
Author(s):  
M. H. Chestnut ◽  
C. E. Catrenich
Keyword(s):  
Acridine Orange ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Ulcer Disease ◽  
Gastroduodenal Disease ◽  
H Pylori

Helicobacter pylori is a non-invasive, Gram-negative spiral bacterium first identified in 1983, and subsequently implicated in the pathogenesis of gastroduodenal disease including gastritis and peptic ulcer disease. Cytotoxic activity, manifested by intracytoplasmic vacuolation of mammalian cells in vitro, was identified in 55% of H. pylori strains examined. The vacuoles increase in number and size during extended incubation, resulting in vacuolar and cellular degeneration after 24 h to 48 h. Vacuolation of gastric epithelial cells is also observed in vivo during infection by H. pylori. A high molecular weight, heat labile protein is believed to be responsible for vacuolation and to significantly contribute to the development of gastroduodenal disease in humans. The mechanism by which the cytotoxin exerts its effect is unknown, as is the intracellular origin of the vacuolar membrane and contents. Acridine orange is a membrane-permeant weak base that initially accumulates in low-pH compartments. We have used acridine orange accumulation in conjunction with confocal laser scanning microscopy of toxin-treated cells to begin probing the nature and origin of these vacuoles.

Use of confocal laser scanning microscopy and a computer model to understand ink cavitation and filamentation

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 7-15
Author(s):  
HANNA KOIVULA ◽  
DOUGLAS BOUSFIELD ◽  
MARTTI TOIVAKKA
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Confocal Laser Scanning ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Print Quality ◽  
Length Scale ◽  
Offset Printing ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Printing Speed

In the offset printing process, ink film splitting has an important impact on formation of ink filaments. The filament size and its distribution influence the leveling of ink and hence affect ink setting and the print quality. However, ink filaments are difficult to image due to their short lifetime and fine length scale. Due to this difficulty, limited work has been reported on the parameters that influence filament size and methods to characterize it. We imaged ink filament remains and quantified some of their characteristics by changing printing speed, ink amount, and fountain solution type. Printed samples were prepared using a laboratory printability tester with varying ink levels and operating settings. Rhodamine B dye was incorporated into fountain solutions to aid in the detection of the filaments. The prints were then imaged with a confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) and images were further analyzed for their surface topography. Modeling of the pressure pulses in the printing nip was included to better understand the mechanism of filament formation and the origin of filament length scale. Printing speed and ink amount changed the size distribution of the observed filament remains. There was no significant difference between fountain solutions with or without isopropyl alcohol on the observed patterns of the filament remains.

ACTIVATED SLUDGE FLOC CHARACTERIZATION BY CONFOCAL LASER SCANNING MICROSCOPY

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 669-674 ◽  
Author(s):  
Szabolcs Szilveszter ◽  
Botond Raduly ◽  
Szilard Bucs ◽  
Beata Abraham ◽  
Szabolcs Lanyi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Confocal Laser Scanning ◽  
Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Confocal Laser
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