scholarly journals Mechanical Properties of Poly (lactic acid) Composites Reinforced with CaCO3 Eggshell Based Fillers

MRS Advances ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (47) ◽  
pp. 2545-2550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas G. Betancourt ◽  
Duncan E. Cree
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Filler Content ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Charpy Impact ◽  
Filler Loading ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Particle Sizes

ABSTRACTPoly (lactic acid) (PLA) bioplastics are recyclable and biodegradable thermoplastics. They are derived from environmentally friendly sources such as potatoes, cornstarch and sugarcane. However, PLA is inherently brittle with low impact strength. The goal of this study is to improve mechanical properties of PLA by the addition of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) fillers. PLA composites were prepared by injection molding conventional limestone (LS) and white chicken eggshell (WES) powders with particle sizes of 63 μm and 32 μm in amounts of 5 wt. %, 10 wt. % and 20 wt. %. Mechanical properties such as, tensile strength, tensile modulus, and Charpy impact strengths were investigated. These three properties were evaluated and the results statistically analyzed using ANOVA F-test. For both particle sizes, the tensile strength decreased as the filler content increased, but was highest for a filler loading of 5 wt. %. In general, the 32 μm powder fillers had better tensile strengths than 63 μm sized fillers. The tensile modulus increased with filler content and was highest at 20 wt. % for both particle sizes. The LS/PLA composites had better toughness than the WES/PLA composites. The particle filler morphology and fractured surfaces were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and determined to have well dispersed particles with smooth fractured surfaces. Water absorption behavior of PLA/CaCO3 composites were studied by immersion in distilled water at room temperature for 56 days. Virgin PLA absorbed the least amount of water while the water absorption of CaCO3 composites were a function of powder type and content.

scholarly journals Hybrid Composites Based on Polypropylene with Basalt/Hazelnut Shell Fillers: The Influence of Temperature, Thermal Aging, and Water Absorption on Mechanical Properties

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Kufel ◽  
Stanisław Kuciel
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Thermal Aging ◽  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Coefficient Of Thermal Expansion ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Charpy Impact ◽  
Creep Tests ◽  
Influence Of Temperature

The aim of the research was to study the effects of adding natural fillers to a polypropylene (PP) matrix on mechanical and physical properties of hybrid composites. The 10%, 15%, and 20% by weight basalt fibers (BF) and ground hazelnut shells (HS) were added to the PP matrix. Composites were produced by making use of an injection molding method. Tensile strength, tensile modulus, strain at break, Charpy impact strength, and the coefficient of thermal expansion were determined. The influence of temperature, thermal aging, and water absorption on mechanical properties was also investigated. In addition, short-time creep tests were carried out. To characterize the morphology and the filler distribution within the matrix, a scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used. The results showed that the addition of the two types of filler enhanced mechanical properties. Furthermore, improvements in thermal stability were monitored. After water absorption, the changes in the tensile properties of the tested composites were moderate. However, thermal aging caused a decrease in tensile strength and tensile modulus.

Mechanical Properties of Bamboo Charcoal (BC)/Poly(Lactic) Acid (PLA) Composites

2019 ◽  
Vol 801 ◽  
pp. 121-126
Author(s):  
Rapeeporn Srisuk ◽  
Laongdaw Techawinyutham ◽  
Wantana Koetniyom ◽  
Rapeephun Dangtungee
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Shear Viscosity ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Bamboo Charcoal ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
The Matrix

The influence of bamboo charcoal (BC) in Poly (lactic) acid (PLA) matrix as masterbatch was studied on mechanical 40:60, 50:50 and 60:40 of masterbatch. BC MBs were diluted at 1 phr, 3 phr, and 5 phr. BC showed even distribution in PLA matrix; however,, it decreased compatibility in the matrix. The infusion of BC in PLA matrix enhanced the tensile modulus; however, there was a reduction in the tensile strength and the elongation at break. It could also be ascertained that there is no signification difference in the hardness of BC/PLA composites compared with neat PLA. The addition of BC slightly decreased shear viscosity of the composites. The optimal BC content in the composites was found to be 2.82wt.% (5 phr 60:40).

Effect of Polyethylene Glycol in Nanocellulose/PLA Composites

2019 ◽  
Vol 821 ◽  
pp. 89-95
Author(s):  
Wanasorn Somphol ◽  
Thipjak Na Lampang ◽  
Paweena Prapainainar ◽  
Pongdhorn Sae-Oui ◽  
Surapich Loykulnant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Aspect Ratio ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Solvent Casting ◽  
Casting Method ◽  
Mediated Oxidation

Poly (lactic acid) or PLA was reinforced by nanocellulose and polyethylene glycol (PEG), which were introduced into PLA matrix from 0 to 3 wt.% to enhance compatibility and strength of the PLA. The nanocellulose was prepared by TEMPO-mediated oxidation from microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) powder and characterized by TEM, AFM, and XRD to reveal rod-like shaped nanocellulose with nanosized dimensions, high aspect ratio and high crystallinity. Films of nanocellulose/PEG/PLA nanocomposites were prepared by solvent casting method to evaluate the mechanical performance. It was found that the addition of PEG in nanocellulose-containing PLA films resulted in an increase in tensile modulus with only 1 wt% of PEG, where higher PEG concentrations negatively impacted the tensile strength. Furthermore, the tensile strength and modulus of nanocellulose/PEG/PLA nanocomposites were higher than the PLA/PEG composites due to the existence of nanocellulose chains. Visual traces of crazing were detailed to describe the deformation mechanism.

Tensile and water absorption properties of solvent cast biofilms of sugarcane leaves fibre-filled poly(lactic) acid

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 289-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuhananthan Nanthakumar ◽  
Chan Ming Yeng ◽  
Koay Seong Chun
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Infrared Analysis ◽  
Absorption Properties ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Bleaching Treatment

This research covers the preparation of poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/sugarcane leaves fibre (SLF) biofilms via a solvent-casting method. The results showed that the tensile strength and Young’s modulus of PLA/SLF biofilms increased with the increasing of SLF content. Nevertheless, the elongation at break showed an opposite trend as compared to tensile strength and Young’s modulus of biofilms. Moreover, water absorption properties of PLA/SLF biofilms increased with the increasing of SLF content. In contrast, the tensile strength and Young’s modulus of biofilms were enhanced after bleaching treatment with hydrogen peroxide on SLF, but the elongation at break and water absorption properties of bleached biofilms were reduced due to the improvement of filler–matrix adhesion in biofilms. The tensile and water properties were further discussed using B-factor and Fick’s law, respectively. Furthermore, the functional groups of unbleached and bleached SLF were characterized by Fourier transform infrared analysis.

Mechanical Properties of P34HB/PLA Binary Blendsafter Thermal-Oxidative and Hydrothermal Aging

2013 ◽  
Vol 647 ◽  
pp. 798-801 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen Can Xi ◽  
Hong Mei Kang ◽  
Hua Li ◽  
He Zhou Liu ◽  
Wei Jie Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Mechanical Behavior ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Hydrothermal Aging ◽  
Weight Percentage ◽  
Lower Ratio

Binary blendscomposed of polyhrdroxyalkanoates (P34HB) and poly(lactic acid) (PLA) with various P34HB weight percentage were preparedby extrusion and compressing molding.Both the thermo-oxidative agingat 80°Cand the hydrothermal aging at 80°C with 80% humidity were performed for 300 h for the P34HB/PLA blends respectively.The mechanical properties of tensile strength and elongation-at-breakrevealed that P34HB/PLA blends possessedthe balanced mechanical properties between P34HB and PLA,theblends with higher ratio of P34HBshowed thedeteriorative mechanical behavior in the aging environment faster than thoseblends with lower ratio of P34HB.

Composites of Poly(lactic Acid) with Rice Straw Fibers Modified by Poly(butyl Acrylate)

2011 ◽  
Vol 675-677 ◽  
pp. 357-360
Author(s):  
Li Jun Qin ◽  
Jian Hui Qiu ◽  
Ming Zhu Liu ◽  
Sheng Long Ding ◽  
Liang Shao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Butyl Acrylate ◽  
Interfacial Adhesion ◽  
Suspension Polymerization ◽  
Water Solution ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Biodegradable Composites

The modified rice straw fibers (MRSF) were prepared by suspension polymerization technique of butyl acrylate (BA) monomer and rice straw fibers (RSF) in water solution. FTIR test indicated that PBA was coated and absorbed on RSF.The biodegradable composites were prepared with the MRSF and poly(lactic acid) (PLA) by HAAKE rheometer. Mechanical properties showed that the tensile strength of PLA/MRSF composites were (W (%) =7.98%) increased by 6 MPa compared with blank sample. The possible reason was that the good interfacial adhesion between PLA and MRSF, which was demonstrated by SEM.

Crystallization behavior and mechanical properties of poly(lactic acid) complex fiber toughened by carbon nanotube nanocapsules

2017 ◽  
Vol 88 (14) ◽  
pp. 1616-1627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shu-qiang Liu ◽  
Gai-hong Wu ◽  
Yun-chao Xiao ◽  
Hong-xia Guo ◽  
Fen-juan Shao
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Crystallization Behavior ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Acid Complex ◽  
Main Obstacle ◽  
Industrial Areas

Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) fiber, owing to its biocompatibility and biodegradability, could be widely used in many related industrial areas. However, high brittleness has been the main obstacle to expanding its applications. So in this paper, carbon nanotube (CNT) nanocapsules were designed to toughen PLA and further reported their effect on the crystallization behavior and mechanical properties of PLA complex fiber. These designed CNT nanocapsules successfully solved the agglomeration of CNTs within the PLA matrix as well as the compatibility issue. In addition, the morphological, mechanical, optical and thermal properties of PLA complex fibers were also studied. The addition of CNT nanocapsules obviously improved the crystallization behavior of PLA fiber. Furthermore, compared with pure PLA, the tensile strength of PLA complex fiber was enhanced by 30.62% and the elongation by 32.2%, so the designed CNT nanocapsules could be used as a toughener for PLA fiber. This research benefits the extension of PLA applications where toughness is an important factor.

Mechanical and Morphological Behavior of Blends Obtained from Biopolymers (PLA/PLC)

2014 ◽  
Vol 775-776 ◽  
pp. 24-28
Author(s):  
Taciana Regina de Gouveia Silva ◽  
Bartira Brandão da Cunha ◽  
Pankaj Agrawal ◽  
Edcleide Maria Araújo ◽  
Tomás Jefférson Alves de Mélo
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Polymer Blends ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Morphology Analysis ◽  
Morphological Behavior

In this work, the effect of the PCL content and E-GMA compatibilizer on the mechanical properties and morphology of poly (lactic acid) - PLA/ poly (ε-caprolactone)-PCL blends was investigated. The results of the mechanical properties showed that there was a reduction in the elastic modulus and tensile strength when PCL was added to PLA. The decrease in the modulus was more pronounced when the PCL content was increased from 10 to 20% (wt). The PLA/PCL/E-GMA blend showed the lower modulus and tensile strength. This blend also presented the higher elongation at break and impact strength. The morphology analysis by SEM showed that the PLA/PCL blends where characterized by lack of adhesion between the PLA and PCL phases. The presence of E-GMA in the PLA/PCL/E-GMA blend improved the adhesion between the PLA and PCL phases.Keywords: poly (latic acid); poly (ε-caprolactone); polymer blends; compatibilizer

Strength, Durability and Degradation Properties of Bioplates Produced from Durian Seed Mixed with Poly(Lactic Acid)

2020 ◽  
Vol 858 ◽  
pp. 157-162
Author(s):  
Naruebodee Srisang ◽  
Siriwan Srisang
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Production Condition ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
High Tensile Strength ◽  
Temperature And Pressure ◽  
Degradation Properties ◽  
Durian Seed

In this study, durian seed was used to mix with poly (lactic acid), PLA for bioplates production. Durian seeds were prepared to peel off the brown skin on durian seed and then were dried. It was called brown skin durian (BSD). BSD was reduced the size below 1 mm. The mixtures between BSD and PLA were varied at 10:90, 20:80, 30:70 g/g. All mixtures were compressed into bioplates mold with varying the temperature at 90, 110, and 130 °C and the pressure at 2.0, 2.7, and 3.4 MN/m2. Bioplates sample were also investigated the properties in term of water absorption, tensile strength, and degradation. Results showed that the optimal mixture between BSD and PLA was 30:70 g/g and the suitable production condition presented the temperature and pressure at 130 °C and 3.4 MN/m2, respectively. These conditions provided low water absorption, high tensile strength and provided the proper degradation within 7 days. Hence, agricultural waste (durian seed) can be combined with PLA to produce the bio-container as bioplates which presented the potential to use in waste management.

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