Cu-Sn-Pb Alloy Fabricated by Powder Metallurgy and Its Application for Standard Curve Establishment of Portable X-Ray Fluorescence Instrument for Alloy Analysis on Bronze Relics

MRS Advances ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (39-40) ◽  
pp. 2095-2100
Author(s):  
Dongsheng Wen ◽  
Ya Xiao ◽  
Guangyi Yao ◽  
Weiqiang Zhou ◽  
Yan Qi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Powder Metallurgy ◽  
Powder Metallurgy Technique ◽  
Standard Samples ◽  
Portable Xrf ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Site Analysis ◽  
Standard Curve ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Alloy Analysis ◽  
Destructive Methods

ABSTRACT One of the most important non-destructive methods for on-site analysis of bronze artifacts is portable X-ray fluorescence (XRF). However, bronze artifacts are usually heterogeneous in composition due to, among other things, the segregation of lead, which is hard to be eliminated through annealing treatments. In the present work, Cu-Sn-Pb alloys with homogenous composition and microstructure is fabricated by powder metallurgy technique. The suitability of the standard curve using Cu-Sn-Pb alloys by powder metallurgy as the standard samples for XRF on the analysis of bronze artifacts is evaluated. It is shown that this proposed method can be transferred to portable XRF to acquire accurate on-site composition information of bronze artifacts.

scholarly journals A Comprehensive Study of Three Different Portable XRF Scanners to Assess the Soil Geochemistry of An Extensive Sample Dataset

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (21) ◽  
pp. 2490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ynse Declercq ◽  
Nele Delbecque ◽  
Johan De Grave ◽  
Philippe De Smedt ◽  
Peter Finke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Characteristics ◽  
Soil Geochemistry ◽  
Portable Xrf ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Soil Database ◽  
Elemental Concentrations ◽  
Caco3 Content ◽  
Proximal Soil Sensing ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Comprehensive Study

The assessment of soil elemental concentrations nowadays mainly occurs through conventional laboratory analyses. However, proximal soil sensing (PSS) techniques such as X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry are proving to reduce analysis time and costs, and thus offer a worthy alternative to laboratory analyses. Moreover, XRF scanners are non-destructive and can be directly employed in the field. Although the use of XRF for soil elemental analysis is becoming widely accepted, most previous studies were limited to one scanner, a few samples, a few elements, or a non-diverse sample database. Here, an extensive and diverse soil database was used to compare the performance of three different XRF scanners with results obtained through conventional laboratory analyses. Scanners were used in benchtop mode with built-in soil calibrations to measure the concentrations of 15 elements. Although in many samples Cu, S, P, and Mg concentrations were up to 6, 12, 13, and 5 times overestimated by XRF, and empirical recalibration is recommended, all scanners produced acceptable results, even for lighter elements. Unexpectedly, XRF performance did not seem to depend on soil characteristics such as CaCO3 content. While performances will be worse when expanding to the field, our results show that XRF can easily be applied by non-experts to measure soil elemental concentrations reliably in widely different environments.

scholarly journals Qualitative comparison of non-destructive methods for inspection of carbon fiber-reinforced polymer laminates

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (27) ◽  
pp. 4325-4337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janez Rus ◽  
Alex Gustschin ◽  
Hubert Mooshofer ◽  
Jan-Carl Grager ◽  
Klaas Bente ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Dark Field ◽  
Piezoelectric Transducers ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Ultrasound Testing ◽  
Destructive Methods

In the rapidly expanding composite industry, novel inspection methods have been developed in recent years. Particularly promising for air-coupled testing are cellular polypropylene transducers which offer better impedance matching to air than piezoelectric transducers. Furthermore, broadband transmitters (laser-induced ultrasound and thermoacoustic emitters) and receivers (optical microphones) have opened a completely new chapter for advanced contact-free ultrasound inspection. X-ray dark-field radiography offers a different approach to detect porosity and microcracks, employing small angle X-ray scattering. These innovative ultrasonic and radiographic alternatives were evaluated in comparison with well-established inspection techniques. We applied thirteen different non-destructive methods to inspect the same specimen (a carbon fiber-reinforced polymer laminate with induced impact damage): air-coupled ultrasound testing (using piezoelectric transducers, broadband optical microphones, cellular polypropylene transducers, and a thermoacoustic emitter), laser-induced ultrasound testing, ultrasonic immersion testing, phased array ultrasonic testing, optically excited lock-in thermography, and X-ray radiography (projectional absorption and dark-field, tomosynthesis, and micro-computed tomography). The inspection methods were qualitatively characterized by comparing the scan results. The conclusions are advantageous for a decision on the optimal method for certain testing constraints.

scholarly journals Portable XRF: A Tool for the Study of Corundum Gems

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Germana Barone ◽  
Paolo Mazzoleni ◽  
Danilo Bersani ◽  
Simona Raneri
Keyword(s):  
Spectroscopic Techniques ◽  
Portable Xrf ◽  
Correct Evaluation ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Heritage Studies ◽  
Origin Determination ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Xrf Spectroscopy ◽  
Destructive Methods

AbstractOrigin of gemstones is a key aspect not only in gemological field but also in Cultural Heritage studies, for the correct evaluation of precious artifacts. The studies on gems require the application of non-invasive and non-destructive methods; among them, portable spectroscopic techniques has been demonstrated as powerful tools, providing a fingerprint of gems for origin and provenance determination. In this study, portable XRF spectroscopy has been applied to test the potential of the technique for the origin determination of corundum gems. The obtained results allowed distinguishing natural and synthetic rubies and sapphires.

scholarly journals Capabilities to Assess Health/Maintenance Status of Gas Turbine Blades with Non-Destructive Methods

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 41-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Józef Błachnio
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Turbine Blades ◽  
Health Maintenance ◽  
Visual Method ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Active Thermography ◽  
X Ray Computed ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Destructive Methods

Abstract The paper has been intended to discuss non-destructive testing methods and to present capabilities of applying them to diagnose objectively changes in the microstructure of a turbine blade with computer software engaged to assist with the analyses. The following techniques are discussed: a visual method, based on the processing of images of the material surface in visible light, active thermography, based on the detection of infrared radiation, and the X-ray computed tomography. All these are new non-destructive methods of assessing technical condition of structural components of machines. They have been intensively developed at research centers worldwide, and in Poland. The computer-aided visual method of analyzing images enables diagnosis of the condition of turbine blades, without the necessity of dismantling of the turbine. On the other hand, the active thermography and the X-ray computed tomography, although more sensitive and more reliable, can both be used with the blades dismounted from the turbine. If applied in a complex way, the non-destructive methods presented in this paper, are expected to increase significantly probability of detecting changes in the blade's condition, which in turn would be advantageous to reliability and safety of gas turbine service.

scholarly journals METHODS OF STUDYING THE STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF MOUNTAIN BREEDS ON SAMPLES (QUICK REVIEW)

2018 ◽  
pp. 10-20
Author(s):  
A. A. Karabutov ◽  
E. B. Cherepetskaya ◽  
A. N. Kravcov ◽  
M. Arrigoni
Keyword(s):  
Internal Structure ◽  
Acoustic Microscopy ◽  
Laser Ultrasound ◽  
Structure And Properties ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Local Porosity ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Tomography Scanning ◽  
Destructive Methods ◽  
Scanning Electron

Some non-destructive methods for controlling the internal structure of rocks are described and examples of their use are given. Examples of the use of X-ray and neural tomography, scanning electron and acoustic microscopy are also given. It is shown that the method of laser-ultrasound struktroskopii is promising. Two examples of the use of the latter are given: measuring the local porosity of samples of geomaterials and monitoring changes in the internal structure as a result of electromagnetic exposure.

scholarly journals Portable XRF on Prehistoric Bronze Artefacts: Limitations and Use for the Detection of Bronze Age Metal Workshops

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Heide Wrobel Nørgaard
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Chemical Processes ◽  
Portable Xrf ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Tin Alloys ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Metal Composition ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Xrf Analyses

AbstractTwo different scientific analyses-one destructive and one non-destructive-were conducted on two separate groups of bronze ornaments dating from 1500-1100 BC to investigate, amongst other traits, the metal composition of their copper-tin alloys. One group of artefacts was sampled, and polished thin sections were analysed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Results from the corrosion crust of copper-tin alloys, and the change measured within the elemental composition from the bulk metal to the surface, greatly influenced the interpretation of the second data set, which was measured using a handheld X-ray fluorescence (XRF) device. The surface of corroded bronze ornaments consists mostly of copper carbonates, oxides, and chlorides. Chemical processes, such as decuprification, change the element composition in such a manner that the original alloy cannot be traced with a non-destructive method. This paper compares the results of both investigations in order to define the possibilities and limits of non-destructive XRF analyses of corroded bronze artefacts.

Selected Non-Destructive Methods Suitable for Evaluation of Roofing Slate

2014 ◽  
Vol 923 ◽  
pp. 63-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Vavro ◽  
Kamil Souček ◽  
Tomáš Daněk ◽  
Lubomír Staš
Keyword(s):  
Natural Material ◽  
Petrographic Analysis ◽  
Historical Buildings ◽  
Reliable Determination ◽  
X Ray ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Traditional Natural ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Destructive Methods

Roofing slate is a traditional natural material for roofing and other construction applications in various types of buildings. The paper deals with both traditional methods of mineralogical-petrographic analysis as well as completely new methods (X-ray CT) rendering fast and reliable determination of qualitative parameters and potential slate durability in building constructions. A mutual combination of the methods represents a rapid, effective and modern alternative to lengthy laboratory tests to determine physical-mechanical properties of newly used roofing, especially in historical buildings.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF TECHNICAL CONDITION ASSESSMENT OF GAS TURBINE BLADES WITH NON-DESTRUCTIVE METHODS

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 203-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Józef Błachnio
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Turbine Blades ◽  
Technical Condition ◽  
Structural Components ◽  
Visual Method ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Active Thermography ◽  
X Ray Computed ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Destructive Methods

Abstract Structural components of gas turbines, particularly the blades, sustain a variety of damages during the operation process. The most frequent cause of these damages are the overheating and thermal fatigue of the material. A primary technique to assess condition of the blades is the metallographic examination. In spite of the fact that metallographic analysis delivers much more information on the structure of examined blade material, it is a type of destructive test resulting in the destruction of the blade which makes further utilization of the item impossible. The paper has been intended to discuss non-destructive testing methods and to present capabilities of applying them to diagnose objectively changes in the microstructure of a turbine blade with computer software engaged to assist with the analyses. The following techniques are discussed: a visual method, based on the processing of images of the material surface in visible light, active thermography, based on the detection of infrared radiation, and the X-ray computed tomography. All these are new non-destructive methods of assessing technical condition of structural components of machines. They have been intensively developed at research centers worldwide, and in Poland. The computer-aided visual method of analyzing images enables diagnosis of the condition of turbine blades, without the necessity of dismantling of the turbine. On the other hand, the active thermography and the X-ray computed tomography, although more sensitive and more reliable, can both be used with the blades dismounted from the turbine. If applied in a complex way, the non-destructive methods presented in this paper, are expected to increase significantly probability of detecting changes in the blade’s condition, which in turn would be advantageous to reliability and safety of gas turbine service

High- and low-energy x-ray photoelectron techniques for compositional depth profiles: destructive versus non-destructive methods

2013 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 065310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noelia Benito ◽  
Ramón Escobar Galindo ◽  
Juan Rubio-Zuazo ◽  
Germán R Castro ◽  
Carlos Palacio
Keyword(s):  
Low Energy ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Depth Profiles ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Destructive Methods

Fabrication of High Performance Geopolymer Ceramic Part I - Microstructural Properties

2015 ◽  
Vol 754-755 ◽  
pp. 698-702 ◽  
Author(s):  
Romisuhani Ahmad ◽  
Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah ◽  
Kamarudin Hussin ◽  
Andrei Victor Sandu ◽  
Mohammed Binhussain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Powder Metallurgy ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Sintered Sample ◽  
Microstructural Properties ◽  
Powder Metallurgy Technique ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopic ◽  
Alkaline Activator ◽  
Scanning Electron

Geopolymer ceramic have been produced by the powder metallurgy (PM) technique. The samples were reacted by the alkaline activator to activate the geopolymerization process and crushed by using Mortar and Pestle to powderized the samples. Powder metallurgy technique was used and samples were heated at different temperature start from 700 °C until 1200°C and the strength were tested. The relative density and flexural strength of sintered sample ranged approximately 84%-95% and 20-100 MPa respectively. Microstructural properties was conducted by scanning electron microscopic (SEM) and the surface analysis by energy dispersive X-ray (EDX).

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